Cong nghe thong tin vdi
viec
phat huy vai
tro
ban dpc sang
tao
cua hpc sinh trong trong day hpc Van
T
rong nhDng nam qua, cdng nghe thdng tin
(CNTT) da cd nhDng tac dpng het sDc tp Idn
dd'i vdi cudc sdng con ngadi trong dd cd day va
hpc. Mac du viec
ang
dung CNTT trong day hpc van
cdn nhieu van de phai tiep tuc nghien cDu nhang nhin
Chung nd da gdp phan khdng nhd vao viec ddi mdi
phadng phap day hpc (PPDH) va nang cap chat
Iddng
cung nha
hieu
qua giao duo cua mdn
van.
Trong pham
vi bai bao nay, chung tdi trinh bay mpt sd suy
nghT
ban
dau ve au the va kha nang Dng dung cua CNTT
ddi
vdi
viec phat huy vai trd ban doc sang tao
ciia

kinh
nghiem
thudng thDc nghe
thuat
Chfnh
kheang each
ay da
khie'n
HS gap rat nhieu khd khan trcng viec tie'p nhan van
ChDdng.
SD
xa
each
giDa HS va nha
van,
HS va
thdi
dai
san sinh tac pham cang
Idn,
hieu qua cam thu tham
mT
cang han che. De khac phuc
tinh
trang nay ddng thdi
giDp HS trd thanh ban dpc sang tao cua nha van khi
cdn ngdi tren ghe nha tradng cung nha sau nay
bade
vao cupc
sdng,

va phong phu nhat
trong
lich
sD
nhan loai
vdi hang tram
TS.
BUI MINH
DlfC
<jj-l:^
-t •;/ ,
TrDdng DHSP Ha Npi 2
trieu websites lien quan de'n mpi
ITnh vDc
khac
nhau
cua
ddi sdng. Cd nha nghien cDu da khang djnh : xet ve
khdi
IDdng,
thdng tin tren Internetda
vUdt
qua xa so vdi
tong khdi ladng thong tin dado
in
tren sach bao cua loai
ngadi tD khi phat minh ra chD vie't cho den nam
1990.
Khdi IDdng dd lai dDdc tang len hang ngay, hang
gi^

tTnh
(im-
age),
hinh
anh dpng (animatipn), am thanh (spund) de'n
cac phim
tD
lieu
(film) hay videe
(video)
Kha nang nay
cua Internet cho phep con ngadi tiep thu va
ITnh
hpi tri
thDc mpt
each
hDng thu va hieu qua thdng qua viec
nam bat
thdng
tin
tD
nhieu giac
quan,
nhieu
"cdng"
tie'p
nhan khac nhau cua bp nao. Neu xem van hpc la cudn
bach
khpatpan thave
ddi sdng, tac pham van chUdng

binh,
tranh
luan
Chang han,
chi
can vao mdt sd trang Web nha :
www.vietnamwebsite.net/ebook/vanhocvietnam;
www.vnthuquan.net,
www.thovn.vn;
la HS da cd the
tim
kiem nhDng thdng tin van hpc
minh
can va
sD
dung
chung vac viec hpc
tap.
HS cung cd the dung cac cdng
cu
tim
kiem nhD
Google
de
tim
cac ta lieu (ca van ban
va hinh anh) ve cac tac gia, tac pham van hpc mpt
each dl dang, thuan
tien.
VD : hpc Truyen

cam thu cua
minh.
Cung vdi
Internet,
sach dien tif{e-
book)
cung
hd trd
dac lac cho HS trong viec nang cao
tiem lac van hda mdt each thuan ldi. Ch? can mdt dTa
CD-ROM cd gia chda den
1
USD, HS cd the dpc hang
chuc tham chf hang tram tac pham van hpc ma khdng
can phai den
tha vien
va mat cdng tra
cDu.
Dd la nhDng
tien fch ma CNTT da, dang va se tiep tuc dem lai che
mdi HS. NgDdi giap vien van hpc can nam bat dDdc
dieu dc de giup HS ta lam giau vd'n tri thDc
che
minh,
trd thanh mdt ban dpc sang tao cua nha van.
2.
CNTT TAO DIEU KIEN XAY
DLfNG
MOI
TRUdNG

mdt chieu thDdng
khdng
cd chd
chp
nhDng ca tfnh
rieng,
trai nghiem rieng va phat bieu heng mang dam mau
sac ca nhan. Trong khi dd, quy luat tiep nhan van hpc
da cho biet qua
trinh
tiep nhan
chi
dat
dUdc
hieu lac tdt
nha't khi nd
dUdc
chu quan hda mdt
each
sau sac d
tDng ca
the ngudi dpctren
cd sd
tdn
tai khach quan cua
tac
pham.
GS. Phan Trpng Luan cho rang
:
"Khdng cd

sD
cam thu ca the hda cua HS"
^.
NhD
vay, viec tao dDng mdt bau khdng khf tiep nhan ta do,
dan chu trong day hpc TPVC la he't sDc can thie't de
mdi ban dpc HS cd the bdc Id ke't qua tie'p nhan cua ca
nhan
minh.
Ddi vdi yeu cau neu
tren,
CNTT cung da va dang
cho thay nhDng kha nang hd trp va kien tao Idn lao eua
nd.
Chung ta deu biet, tren hau het cac trang Web hien
nay, ngoai cac chuyen muc npi dung,
sa
kien ,
cdn cd
phan diin dan (forum) trao
ddi,
ddi thoai danh cho cac
"ca dan mang". Dd la ndi de mpi ngadi cd the chia se
cac quan diem, bpc Id cac
each
nhin va daa ra nhDng
kien giai cua ca nhan ve mpi van de cua cupc sdng.
NhDng didn dan
nhD
the gid'ng nha mpt cupc

Internetc6r\
xuat
hien mpt hinh thDc bpc Id mdi, dd la cac
blogs.
Day la
mdt dang nhat ky tren mang, ghi lai
nhOng
an tDdng,
thai
dp,
suy nghTcua cac "chu
nhan"
ve mpi van de cua
cudc sdng.
Blog
dadc xem la khong gian rieng ta - ndi
ma chu nhan cua nd dado bdc Id minh mpt
each
ta do,
thoai mai. Mdt sd
blogston
tai
6
dang ddc thpai
tac
la
chi cd tieng
ndi ca nhan "gia
chu"
nhang cung cd nhDng

blog la
met hinh thDc bpc Id mdi thi
e-mail,
chat
lai la nhDng phDdng tien truyen thdng cua nhDng ngadi
sD dung
Internet. Day khong
chi
la nhDng hinh
thDc
trao
ddi thdng
tin,
tai lieu het sDc tien ldi ma cdn la cac cdng
cu tao lap mdi trDdng tadng tac trong day hpc. Bang
nhDng hinh thDc nay, HS
cd
the trDc
tie'p
trao ddi nhDng
say nghT, tinh cam, thai dp cua minh vdi cac nha van,
nha nghien
cDu,
phe
binh
van hpc, vdi cac thay cc giap
va ban be ve cac
van-de
van hpc va hpc van trcng
nha

rang trpng xu hadng
dd,
nhd viec
Dng
dung CNTT, HS
dang dan phat huy
dUdc
ta
each
cua mpt ban dpc nang
ddng,
sang
tap.
3. CNTT GOP PHAN REN LUYEN VA PHAT HUY
NANG LUC TU DOC, TU HOC CHO HOC SINH -
NHONG
PHAM CHAT CAN THIET CUA MOT
BAN
DOC SANG TAO
Mpt trpng nhDng van de quan trpng ma cai
each
giao
due
va ddi mdi ChDdng
trinh,
SGK phd thdng dat
ra lan nay la bdi dDdng, ren luyen cho HS phadng
phap ta hpc (soft learning). Cach day hdn 30 nam,
nha kinh te hpc ngadi Phap G.AnderIa da tfnh
tean

-1973.
CDng chieu hDdng
ay, sd lieu cua cac nadc phat trien cho
biet:
tD
1995,
trung
binh
tdi thieu mpt ngay cd it nha't la 4000 dau
sach khoa hpc khdng
chi
dado phat hanh ma cdn
dUdc
bd sung vao tha muc d cac tha vien cua cac dai hpc
va trung tam nghien
cau ".
NhDng cen sd nay cho
tha'y
sD
gia tang chdng mat cua tri thDc nhan
loai,
sD
phat trien vu bao vdi tdc dp nhanh chDa tang cd cua
cudc each mang khpa hpc ceng nghe trong lich
sD
loai
ngadi va ca nguy cd tut lai phfa sau cua nhieu qudc gia
tren the
gidi.
Vdi thDc

ngUdi
mdi,
chie'n
Iddc
giao
due
mdi cua mdi qudc gia
ma giai phap hang dau la phai tich
cue
hda hoat dong
nhan
thdc,
phat then
tUduy
sang tao ciia HS. Tradng
hpc phai lam the nae de HS trd thanh nhDng ngadi
biet
each
hoc (how to learn) va tU hoc (self learning)
hdn la hoc cai gl (what to learn), biet each tim kiem tri
thDc va
xD
ly thdng tin mdt
each
thdng minh, sang tao
chD khdng thu dpng chd ngDdi khac mang thdng tin
den cho
minh.
Xet rieng trong day hpc van, muc tieu cua ddi mdi
lan nay khdng

DDng trDdc nhDng yeu cau dd cua day hpc va day
hpc TPVC, ngadi GV nen tan dung CNTT nha mdt
trong nhDng phDdng tien hDu hieu de cd the ren luyen
cho HS phDdng phap tD dpc,
tD
hpc. Theo GS. Linda
D. Hammond (University of Standford):
"Mdt may
tfnh
ca nhan chang lam dDdc gi nhieu. Nhang khi ndi mang
nd cd the ket ndi vdi hang trieu may khac va chie'c
may tfnh ca nhan ddn dpc nay trd thanh mpt bp phan
cua mang
tri
tue trung
tam,
ne cd sDc manh tuyet
vdi".
Chi
can vdi mdt chie'c may tinh dDdc ndi mang, ngadi
hpc da cd the
tim
den cac ngudn tri thDc d khap mpi
ndi tren the gidi ngay
tai
ngdi nha, phdng hpc cua
minh.
Cdng viec hpc
tap,
thi cD khdng nha't thiet phai

chu dpng, dpc lap ma edn giup cac em trd thanh
ban dpc cua nha van qua mang.
Chi
can mpt vai ky
nang tra
cau,
truy cap, HS da cd the
tD
dpc tpan van
nhDng tac pham van hpc dDdc trfch giang trong nha
tradng hoac nhDng tac pham dd sd ma khdng can
phai den tha vien hay hieu sach. Khdng
dang
lai d dd,
viec ta hpc van cdn cd the dadc tien hanh qua cac bai
giang dien
tD,
giao trinh dien
tD,
cac Websites van hpc
ma GV thiet ke va chuyen len mang. Mdi bai hpc dien
tD,
mdi Website la mpt td hdp nhDng thdng tin ve bai
hpc (tac gia, van ban van hpc, cac chD thfch), nhDng
kien thDc lien quan (cac kien thDc ly
luan,
cac bai nghien
cDu,
phan
tfch,

tin,
hadng
din
da ddde cai dat sin. Ket qua cua viec
ta dpc.
ta
hpc cua cac ca nhan se
dUdc
trao
ddi,
thao
luan tren Idp. So vdi viec soan bai thdng thadng hay
dpc them bat bupc theo thdi quen trade day, hinh thDc
ta dpc, ta hpc,
ta
chuan bj bai thdng qua cac bai hpc
dien
tu,
cae Websites dat dapc hieu qua tdt hdn nhieu.
Bdi vl mdi trang Web nha the la met the gidi het
sac
sdng
dpng,
nd cd mau sac, hinh anh, am thanh, cd
sa
tadng tae vdi cac trang thdng tin khac ma
chi
can bam
vao mdt lien ket la mdt the gidi khac lai md ra. HDng
thu tD nhDng bai hpc nhD the se dem den cho HS

lai,
tDc la phDdng
tien ddi hdi phai cd phDdng phap tDdng
Dng,
tham chf
trong mpt sd trDdng hdp phDdng tien quyet dinh
phDdng phap. CNTT la mdt phDdng tien hien dai va
viec Dng dung nd trong day hpc van la rat can thiet.
Tuy
nhien,
Dng dung the nae, vao dau va hieu qua del
mdi cd tfnh dac thu cua
men
van ra sao lai la mpt van
de khdng the khdng can
nhle
va nghien cDu.
Nhin
chung,
chi
nen Dng dung CNTT vao nhDng bai hpc,
nhDng ndi dung ma cac tfnh nang cua cdng nghe hd
trd hieu qua cho viec day hpc van, giup HS dpc van,
hpe van mpt each hDng thu,
tD
giac, sang tao va cd
dDdc chat
iDdng
cam thu td't hdn so vdi viec sD dung
cac thiet

van,
tap
1,
NXB Giap
due,
Ha
Ndi,
tr.248.
3 Tran Dinh SD
(2007), "Chinh danh mdn van trpng
nha trDdng phd
thdng",
Van
nghe,
(46), tr.3.
4 Nhieu tac gia, Khoa hgc giao
due
di
tim
dien
mao
mdi,
NXB Tre, Tp. Hd Chf
Minh,
2006, tr 44
phap cho giac vien de cd the giup tre khac phuc nhDng
khd khan ve mat xuc cam treng hpc tap nha sau:
Tha nhat,
giao
vien

Hdn the, hay tim
each
giam thieu le lang cua hpc
sinh,
va khen thadng cho sa cd gang tich cac cua chung.
Giap vien cd the lam dDdc viec nay bang
each
tao
bau khdng khf mdi tradng Idp hpc hDng
thu,
lac quan,
tfch
cDc
va phu hdp vdi
tDng
ddi tDdng hpc
sinh.
Ngpai
ra,
giap vien cung can phdi hdp vdi phu huynh hpc
sinh,
va khi can thiet hay yeu cau giup
dd tD phfa
nhDng
ddng nghiep cd kinh nghiem de giup dd hpc sinh vDdt
qua nhDng khd khan va tien bp hPn trpng hpc
tap.
Tuy
nhien,
khi van de trd nen nghiem trpng hay dai dang,

(2010).
Nghien cDu khd khan tam
ly trong heat dpng hpc tap cua hpc sinh Tieu hpc. De
tai cap Bp.
2.
Dao Thj Oanh (2008).Thac trang bieu hien cua
met sd xuc cam va ky nang
dUdng
dau vdi xuc cam
tieu
cDc
d thieu nien hien nay. De tai cap Bd.
3.
Wicks-Nelsen.R
& Israel.A (2003) Emotion-
Behaviour disorders of
childhood,
5*^
ed.
Upper Saddle
River: Prentice
Hall.
4.
David Donald, Sandy Lazarus, Peliwe
Lolwana(2006). Educational Psychology in Social
Context,
3'^
ed,
Oxford University Press.
DAY VA HOC NGAY NAY SO 9-2010