THONG TIN
PHAT
TRI^N
TRUYEN
THONG
DAI CHONG
TRONG XU
TH^
TOAN
CAU
H6A
THONG
TIN
Nguyen Van Sanh*
Nhilu
thi
ky qua,
bao
in luon dflde coi
la
cong cu hflu hieu phan anh thong tin
xa
hoi.
Cung vdi khung hoang
va
suy thoai kinh te
toan
ciu, nhflng ban
chi
cua bio in va chilu
hfldng

thi
gidi. Dd cung la khai
nigm dUde
dung de mieu ta nhflng thay ddi
kinh tl xa hoi tao ra bdi mo'i quan he lien
kit
chat che gifla
cae
qudc gia, td chflc va
moi ca nhan vdi dae diem noi bat la dfla ra
dflde
each
nhin quo'c gia trflde nhflng van de
mang tim quo'c tl. Nhd kha nang
kit
no'i
Internet md rong, xu hudng tieu thu cua
ngUdi truy
cap
da nhanh chong thay ddi
eflng vdi
lUdng
thdng tin
tran
ngap tren
nhilu phUdng tien cd the biln ddi tflng phut,
titog
gid.
Toan
ciu boa thong tin lien quan den

lai, cd the tilp nhan
theo nhflng each rieng thong qua tien trinh
lai tao. Nhilu nha phan tich cho rang, chia
khda TCH
van
h6a
la
sU tdn tai cua he
tho'ng truyin thong dai ehung de tao cam
giac ddng thdi vdi kha nang xuit hien d rit
nhilu ndi (Phan Quang 2005).
vao thi
ky thfl XIX, nhan loai tflng
chflng kiln hien tfldng toan ciu boa thong
tin vdi sU ra ddi cua hang loat bao viet d cac
quo'c gia. Nhd bao chi,
trilt
hoe chinh tri, coi
ngudn cua tinh thin dan chii, dUde phUdng
tien truyin thong dai chung quang ba de.
toan thi
gidi biet den
va nIn van
boa bao
gdm ea
van
hoc, hoi boa, am nhac, thdi
trang, du lich da quay theo nhip
ciia
cac

da dung chfl khac go in tren giay va cong
nghe in gdm da ra ddi vao the ky thfl DL Nuta
dau the ky XV (nam 1448), con chfl kim loai
ra ddi da khac phuc
dUdc
nhiii^
ban che ciia
cong nghe
in bing
ban khic gd. Theo each sip
xep,
nhiing
1^
til
rieng le vao khuon, edng
nghe in mdi da tao ra nhiing thong diep bat
ky dUdc in tren mot chat heu nhat dinh. Nhd
tien bo trong cong nghe in ah, nhiing td bao in
diu tien mang ten Newbook lin
lUdt
ra ddi
trong the ky XVI. Nhiing nam sau nay, thuat
ngffl
Newspaper da trd nen phd biln (Pierre
Albert
2003,
NCEIF
2010)
Cung vdi
sil

va
vdi phat thanh va truyen hinh trong khing
dinh vai trd eung cip thong tin (thdi gian tut
1940 den het thap nien 1990,
lUdng
bao in
phat hanh 5 nhieu nUdc phat trien da giam
tuf 2 den 3 lan). Mac du bao in gap kho khan
trUdc nhiing
ehfldng
trinh phat thanh va
truyen hinh ngay cang phong
phii,
song
nhieu phan
tich
cung da chi ra, nhflng
phUdng tien truyen thong nay chUa the thay
the dUdc han bao in. Hiep hoi bao
chi
toan
cau (WAN) cho biet, tren the gidi con tren 1
ti ngUdi vin doc bao in hang ngay
Tfl sut ra ddi va phat triem manh may
tinh
ca nhan, nhflng nam niia cuoi the ky
XX loai ngUdi cung da chflng kiln
sil
phat
trien vUdt bac cua cong nghe truyin thong

lam
thay
ddi nhanh thdi quen tilp nhan thong tin eua
dong dao cong chiing.
Tfl Uu
thi
hoi tu, bao mang ed sflc chiia
rong
Idn
ea vl khong gian
va
thdi gian, ddng
nghia vdi dung
lUdng
thong tin gin nhfl
khong bi gidi han. Vdi bao mang, ngUdi doc
khong chi cap nhat d dang chfl viet
ma
cdn
cd the nghe phat thanh va xem truyin bmh
ngay tren trang web. Nhd kha nang tfldng
tac nhieu chilu, ban bien tap cd the tien
hanh nhflng trao ddi tnle tuyen vain de dUdc
nhieu doc gia quan tam; day chinh la Uu the
ma phat thanh, truyen hinh bi ban che va
cang kho khan gip boi do'i vdi bao in
Vdi
Idi
the chuyen tai nhanh, manh; sflc
chfla thong tin khdng

din
75% chi
phi san xuat
va
phit hanh. TrUdc ddi hoi
phat trien thong tin dai ehung mang tinh
toan
ciu md rong , bao mang dUde coi la giai
phip thich nghi de tim lai dau an
hoang
kim cua bio
chi.
Tuy nhien, kha
nang
nay
cung gap khong it kho khan.
So vdi
heb
sii hang the ky cua nganh bao
chi,
bio mang mdi cd tren 10 nam phat
trien, song da thu hut dUdc dong dao ban
doc.
Nhflng khao sat tai nhilu nflde phat
trien cung da nit ra, tren 70% ngfldi My eho
ring, bao chi truyin tho'ng chfla phan anh
diy du thong tin; d nhilu qudc gia da cd tren
50%
dan
cfl dung internet trong cap nhat

Idn
trong cong nghe thong tin toan ciu deu
dang kinh doanh bing
each
cung cap noi
dung thong tin miln phi eho ngfldi sut dung
interrnet va ban quang cao cho khach hang.
Tuy nhien, doanh so' quang cao tren inter-
net edn khiem tdh (nam 2007,tai My, ngudn
thu nay mdi chiem chufng 7,5% tdng doanh
sd^
quang cao). Nhilu nha nghien eflu cho
rang, phai mat nhilu
nam
nfla tang trfldng
quang eio tren bio mang mdi vfldt qua dUdc
quang cao tren bao in.
Phan tich kho khan trong thu
phi
inter-
net,ehuyen gia eua Paid Content da ehi ra,
thong tin la Enh
vile
phit trien nhanh
va
manh me nhat,
lUdng
eung dang
Idn
hdn ciu

tra tiln truy cap thdng tin edn rat khiem tdn
nen viec can
lam
la cd chinh sach
mim
deo
de dilu tiet va thu dflde
Idi
nhuan kinh
doanh. Nhiing giai phap dflde dl cap da tap
trung
vao
tang tinh
nang
mdi
va
xay dflng
mo hinh thanh
toan
hflu hieu (NCEIF
2010).
Hau
hit
an pham dflde
Ifla
ebon tren
bao mang da hfldng
vao
thu hut doe gia
mien phi noi dungnhilu nhat de thu

TRUYEN
THONG
DAI
CHONG
S.Van
de doi
vofi
Viet Nam
So vdi nhilu nude dang phat trien,Viet
Nam da phat trien cong nghe thong tin
va
mang internet kha nhanh. Den nay, ngUdi
Viet da tilp
can va
suf dung internet tren
dien rong, tac dong cua bao mang trong ddi
so'ng
xa
hoi da ra't
dang
ke. Vdi sU phat trien
nhanh eua mang dien thoai,
bao
mang dang
chuyen tfl may
tinh
de lan sang dien thoai
di dong
va
tflng dia chi bao mang rieng le se

a'n pham cua minh. Trong thilc te, mot
trang web tdng hdp cd the bo tiln ra de doe
thdng tin, sau dd xut ly thanh a'n pham rieng
tilm an nguy cd
lam
dd vd mo hinh tinh tiln
qua mang eua mot td bio khic. Ro ring la
viec khong bao ve ndi ban quyln sd hflu tin
bai tren mang khien chung ta rit kho tiln
binh dUdc nhflng giai phap ma the gidi da
qua qui trinh thut nghiem.
Khao sit vl thdi quen cua ngUdi Viet
Nam da rut ra, so' dong ngfldi doe den nay
edn
ehuong
bao in, song do mflc do phd cap
cua bao mang, bo phan ding ke dang thay
ddi each flng xut. Thay vi phai mua nhilu td
bao in, ho
liia
ebon mot td nhat dinh de
doe.
sau dd tim each bd sung thong tin truy
cap
dUde tuf nhflng td bao mang. Nhin ehung,
ngUdi dan Viet Nam can tin tflc vln
mudnj
doc bao, xa hoi vin can nhflng nha
bao
chuyen tac nghiep,

khdng chi la ngUdi tilp nhan thu dong thong
tin
ma
cdn thilc sut tham gia vao qua trinh
phan tich
va
binh luan. Chinh vi dilu nay,
ngUdi lam bao khong the ap dat quan diem
chu quan cua minh trong bii vilt ma can la
ngudi tao ra dUde nhflng
ddi
thoai binh dang
cung ban doc
va
gay dflng
dvidc
d ho nilm tin
khach quan vl sfl phat trien. Nha bao
can,
phai thim nhap dflde vao trung tam
cua
nhiing trao doi, do'i thoai de ed each nhin, suy
nghi tha'u dao va sfl sang tao vl phfldng thflc
phit trien nhflng dieh vu hip din cong
ehung chfl khong eflng nhic theo nhfl each
lam
truyin tho'ng lau nay./.
TAI
LIEU
THAM KHAO

QUAN LY KINH TE
SA'40
(5/2011)