GUYEN
VAN TRO
THE)
DONG
UCH Si). VAN HOA
VAN
HOA DAN TOC

NINHBINH THEODONGUCHSi)'VANHOA

1)1 & & A
NGUYEN
VAN TRO
NINH BINH
THEO DONG UCH SO VAN HOA
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5
din, miiu de phung thd tUdng nhd ve
cong lao cua tien nhdn. Do Id nhiing gid
tri lich sii Idn lao cua cdc di tich con lai
din ngdy nay.
Ben canh cdc gid tri lich sii cua cdc di
tich non ntfdc Ninh Binh cung con cd
mot he thong thdng canh quy tu tit Tarn
Diep din Hoa Lie. Nhiing Tarn Cdc, Bich
Dong hiem yiu ma thd mdng, nhiing nui
non du'dc thdi gian got riia de lai cho
Ninh Binh mot thien nhien cam tu khiin
ai mot Idn qua deu de lai ndi nhd nhii la
xii tien canh giita chd'n trdn gian. Di sdn
lich sii van hod vd thdng canh cua Ninh
Binh da tiing la tiem nang cho du lich,
gid day trong sii phdt triin no se du'dc
khai thdc, de ngiidi trong nUdc vd ban be
bd'n phiidng cd dip din chiem ngUdng
vong ve cd qua khii hdo hung cua dng
cha.
Sap tdi Ha Ndi ky niem nghin nam
Thdng Long, ma ddt Hoa Ltf Ninh Binh
cd sii gdn kit lich sii vdi thii do, bdi cudc
thien do cua Nhd Ly tit Hoa Lit din kinh
thdnh Thdng Long nam 1010. Cudn sdch
"Ninh Binh theo dbng lich sii van hod"
ra ddi se Id mot ddng gdp rat cd gid tri
vdo ngdy le trong cua ddt nUdc, la mot
mdn qua quy tang cho ban doc quan tarn

song van hoa cua
nhan dan
Ninh
Binh,
dong song nay chia doi
thi
xa
Ninh
Binh.
Thi xa
Ninh
Binh
dUOc
hinh
thanh
0
ciia
nUdc nga ba song, noi gap nhau
giQa
song Day va song Van. Ttf xa xUa nga ba
song nay da la cho Ca va ben
Niia.
T\i cho Ca
nay da phat
trien
thanh mot trung tam
kinh
te
va
chfnh

dia
Tiep
Dinh
chinh thdng thu vu thien
(Nghia
la; Khuc ca thang T6ng con truyen d
dat nay/N6i tiep nen chinh thdng cua nha
Dinh
hop menh
trdi)
Nui
Thuy con goi la nui Non Nude. Mot qua
nui
nho 0 nga ba song, da chiing kien dau
tich
cua nhieu thdi ky
lich
sii. Ngay tii thdi Ly
Nhan Tong vao nam Quang HUu
thijf
7 (1091)
ong cha ta da xay
thap
Linh
Te tren nui. Trai
qua mUa
nang
thap
bi do, den thdi Tran Hien
Tdng,

0 tren
nui
v.v
Nui
Thuy con la de tai cua cac thi
nhan
xUa
va nay. Hiem co ngon nui nao cd gan 40 bai thd
van
khac
vao nui nhU nui Thuy va con den
hang
tram bai thd vinh
canh
cua cac nha thd
qua cac trieu dai: Tran Anh Tdng,
Pham
Su
Manh,
TrUdng Han Sieu, Nguygn
Trai,
Le
Thanh Tdng,
Phan
Huy Ich, Ngd Thi Nham,
Ninh
Tdn, Cao Ba
Quat,
Nguyln Khuyen,
Pham

<
1
>
ChO dung cua giao su Tran Quoc Vugng
9
Vung dat nay co ning nui,
dong
bang
va ven
bien,
la
vung
dem giiia Bac bo va Trung bo.
Vung dat phu sa co ven
chan
nui co con
ngudi
cU tru tu: rat sdm. Cac nha
khao
co hoc
da.
phat
hien
tram
tich co xUOng
rang
dudi Udi
va cac
dong
vat

nam. Di tich cua con ngUdi van hoa Hoa Binh
con tim
thay
d mot sd'
hang
dong
d Tam Diep,
Nho
Quan.
Sau thdi ky van hoa Hoa Binh, cac
nha
Khao
cd' cho
rang
vung
dong
bang
ven
bien
Thanh
Hoa, Ninh Binh la ndi dinh cU cua con
ngUdi thdi dai do da mdi Viet Nam. Di chi
Dong
VUdn (Yen
Thanh,
Yen Md) da
dUdc
dinh
nien
dai

doan
van hoa do dong tii cuoi
Phung
Nguyen den dau Dong Dau
each
ta
3.300
-
3.700
nam
(1)
Trong qua trinh kien tao dia
chat,
bien lui
dan tao ra dong
bang
vung ha lUu
song
Day.
Con ngUdi tien dan ra chiem
linh
vung dong
bang
ven bien va tao ra nhQng trung tarn van
hoa nhu Hoa Lu sau la kinh do cua ca nUdc
trong 42 nam (968 - 1010), vung ven
song
Van
sau la trung tarn cua dao, tran rdi tinh Ninh
Binh.

(Nay la nga ba Doc Bd), ndi tiep giap giuta Yen
Khanh va Nghia Hung, Nam Dinh cUa bien
Con Meo (Yen Thanh, Yen Md), cxla Can (Yen
Mac, Yen Md), ctia bien Than Phu (Yen Lam,
(1
>
Ha Van Phung Ket qua khai quat Ian
thCr
nhat di chi
Man
Bac. NhOng phat hien mdi ve khao co hoc nam
1999
NXB Khoa hoc xa hoi Ha Noi 2000. Tr 202-205
11
Yen
Mo) lam cho chung ta co cam tudng mot
thdi
bien con d dau day, cung v6i cac dia
danh
ve cac
cu*a
bien la cac con de
lich
sii nhu de
Hong Dtic (1471), de Hong
Linh
(1773) do
Nguyln
Nghiem than phu Nguyen Du dap de
DUdng

te
bien con in dam trong cac di chi van hoa thdi
ky
do dong. Cho den nay kinh te bien con dong
vai
trd
quan
trong trong nen kinh te cua
tinh.
Khai
thac
kinh te bien nhu
nghe
danh
bat ca
bien, nudi torn su, torn rao, nudi cua v.v. van la
hu6ng
phat
trien
quan
trong. Nhu vay ben
canh
van hoa cua cU dan
Viet
cd', Ninh Binh
(1)
Mdi dac la 60m. Xem Nguydn Canh Minh - Dao To
Uyen:
Cong cuoc khan hoang thanh lap huyen Kim Son
(Ky SCru

dong
ky thu nhU:
Tarn
Cdc, Bich
Dong,
dong
Thien
Ton,
dong
Hoa
Sdn,
dong
Ban Long,
dong
Tam
Giao,
dong
Ma
Tien v.v. Bich
Dong
thdi
phong
kien da.
dude
menh
danh
la "Nam
thien
de nhi
dong"

Ngoc
My
Nhan
(NgUdi con gai dep nhu
ngoc)
da
dUdc
ca ngdi:
"Ngoc My Nhdn, di Ngoc My Nhan I ddt nUdc
tac em, toe xod, ngiic tran I Nghin the ky doi
trdi, dap ddt I Tit luc bien vd con song bdn
xung quanh
<v
"
(Pham Vinh)
Nhiing hdn nui sat ven
song,
soi minh
xudng
song
Hoang
Long,
song
Day,
song
Van tao
<
1>
Tha chon loc NXB Van hoc Ha Ndi 2001. Tr 140
thanh

Quoc
sU
Nguyen
Minh Khong, nha tho TrUdng Han
Sieu,
bang
nhan
Vu Duy
Thanh,
tien si Ninh
Ton,
danh
nhan
van hoa Vu.
Pham
Khai,
Pham
Than
Duat
v.v.
Do d vao vi tri
chien
lUdc ra bac vao nam,
vung
dat
song
Van, nui
Thuy
da chiing kien
biet

nghiep
cua
Tran
Ngdi .v.v
Cung
vdi cac di tich lich sii - van hoa la mot
kho
tang
van hoa dan
gian
nhu le hoi
truyen
thong
co" do Hoa Lu, 14" hoi den Thai Vi, den
14
Thanh Nguyen, den Dau, hoi vat Yen Ve .v.v.
cac cong
trinh
kien true nhu den vua
Dinh,
den
vua Le, dinh Trung ha, dinh Trung thuong,
dinh
Thanh Nguyen, lang
cheo
Phiic Tri, Nam
Dan,
ThUdng
Kiem,
nhQng trung tam hat chau

liet
tao nen ban sac van hoa
Ninh
Binh.
15
DONG
NGI/OI
Xl/A VA
RLTNG
NGUYEN
SINH
CUC PHUONG
Tren dudng vao ring nguyen sinh Cue
PhUOng du khach thay hai day nui da voi suing
sufng chay
theo
hudng tay bac - dong nam,
khep kin lai vung dat giap
gidi
ba
tinh
Ninh
Binh,
Hoa
Binh
va Thanh Hoa, tao thanh cac
16'i
chan ngang nhu Quen Thach, Quen Xeo,
quen Voi, quen Dang va nhieu hang dong dep
nhU

NgUdi
Xua la ndi tieng nhat.
Dong
Ngiidi
Xua la ten goi cua hang Dang
Dang Cue PhUdng, tieng
MUdng
cd nghia la
Hang Ddi. Dong quay huefng dong nam, cd vom
cao 45m, trong nhu mieng mot con rong khd'ng
16
lo
co dien
tich
khoang 30m
2
, tudng ddi
bang
phang. Ben phai ddng con mot
ngach
nia
thdng ra cia
khac
nhU mot ld'i ra. Vach da cd
nhieu nhu ma khi go vao cd tieng nhU tieng
cong, tieng chieng cua ngUOi MUdng.
NgUdi
MUdng
con goi day la
hang

d'c su6i, d'c nui ciing xUdng rang ddng vat cong
cu
lao dong va than tro day tdi 2m, trong do cd
39 cong cu, do da va vd
trai,
so, trung true, do
gd'm,
v.v
Nguon
song
chinh cua ngUdi nguyen
thuy d day la hai
lUdm
cdc vat, trai cay, re cay
ring
hoang
dai, b&t cac loai nhuyen the nhu d'c
nui,
d'c sud'i lam thic an chinh. ^
da biet ding da cudi, ba
podephinrit, quacdit, da, cat v.v
nhing
chie'e
riu da ding de
chat
sang
tao ra nhing
chiec
nao md]
vd

va dUdc che tao bang ban xoay, dUdc trang tri
van
thing,
van an vet 1dm hinh trang khuyet.
Dieu
do chi rd cudc song dinh cU cua ngUdi
nguyen thuy d day. Trong tang van hoa con
tim
dUdc xUdng rang cac
loai
ddng vat nhU:
vUdn,
khi, ga'u, lOn
ring,
hUdu nai va mot so'
loai
gam nha'm, do ngUdi nguyen thuy san bat
dUdc dem ve hang, an va vit b6 lai, ching to
san bat cing gii mot vi tri
xing
dang nhu mot
nguon thic an quan trong .
NgUdi
nguyen thuy
d
day chua lam nha ma hang. Dang chinh la
"nha" cua ho. NhUng day khong chi la ndi cU
tru,
ma con la khu md tang. 0 day con tim
thay 3 ngdi md cd' d do sau 0,40m va 1,40m

niem
ve the"
gidi
ben kia, nen da chdn
theo
ngUOi
chet
mot so" cong cu sinh
hoat
bang
da va
mot so" do trang sic
bang
vo nhuyln the.
Khoa hoc da xac minh nien dai ngudi nguyen
thuy
song
d day
each
ta
7.580
± 100 nam, thudc
nen van hoa Hoa
Binh.
Tham xong ddng Ngudi XUa du khach se
dUOc tham ring nguyen sinh Cue PhUOng, mot
kieu
ring kin thUdng xanh cd ket cau nhieu
tang, dien hinh cua nhing ving
thap

thang xuong hai ben dudng nhU nhing
chiec
vong dUdc menh danh. "Vong ring mUa nhiet
ddi"
du khach cd the nghi thoai mai, Du khach
m
Theo
PGS. TS
Nguyin KhSc SCr
19
con
dUdc mua "dua kim giao" voi cau chuyen
tinh
cam dong.
Cung v6i quan he thUc vat, quan he dong vat
d
Cue PhUOng cung phat
trien
khong kern phan
da dang. Budc dau dieu tra da thay co 250
loai
dong vat co xUOng song trong do co 97
loai
thu
hOn
100
loai chim,
67
loai
bo sat, 43

xua cd mot
nang cong chua
ten la
Kim Ngan,
yeu mot
chang trai ngheo
kho ten la
Giao
Thuy, nhung
bi vua cha
ngan
cam. De the
hien long
chung thuy
cua
minh,
doi
trai
gai da
quyen sinh.
it lau
sau tren
mo ddi
trai
gai da mgc len mot cay,
canh
dai, la
thon
rat dep,
ngudi

thudc
doc. Vua hoi dua
dugc
vdt
tit
go gi. Khi
duoc biet
dua
dugc
vdt td
canh
cay mgc
tren
mg con
minh,
thi nha vua vd
cung
an han. Nha vua
da
dat ten cho dua la "dua Kim
Giao"
de ghi nhd mdi
tinh
chung thuy
cua ddi
trai
gai.
20
Sinh
thdi

long
cua
can bd, cong nhan
vUOn
qud'c gia Cue PhUdng
ddi
vdi Bac.
21
NHQNG
DI
TICH
THO
CAC
Vj
TI/6NG
CUA HAI BA
TRl/NG
Mua xuan nam 40, Hai Ba TrUng phat cd
khdi
nghia, nhan dan boh quan Giao Chi,
Ctiu
Chan, Nhat Nam, Hop Phd'nhat te hudng
ting.
Anh
xa cua cudc
khdi
nghia Hai Ba
TrUng
tren
dat

theo tieng goi
ciiu
nU6c cua Hai Ba
TrUng,
den Ddng Hoi xa
Ninh
An,
huyen Hoa Lu thd ba anh em Ddng But,
Dieu
Vu va Ngoc Nfi Tran Thi Hoa, que d lang
Hoa
Mien
(Thanh
Liem,
Ha Nam). Ve vung
Hoang Sdn Ha khu gia lam tang ni d chua de
22
chieu
tap nghia binh, rdi mdi keo len Hat Mdn
tu
nghia. Den Ha Thien Trao xa
Ninh
Sdn thd
dng Le Hoa la ngUdi
tinh
thong vo
nghe
theo
Hai
Ba

-
Dd'ng But,
Dieu
Vu, Ngoc Nut Tran Thi Hoa
va Le Hoa hoat ddng d vung Hoa Lu.
-
Ngoc Quang hoat ddng d vung Nho Quan
Bach Ngoc, Bach Tii, Tam NUdng hoat ddng d
vung
bac huyen Yen Md.
Ben
canh den thd cac vi tudng cua Hai Ba
TrUng,
qua than
tich
chiing ta con biet mot so'
vi
tudng cua Hai Ba
TrUng
que d vung dat
Ninh
Binh
ngay nay dUdc thd d nhiing ndi
khac. Dd la dinh ThUdng Cat, huyen Tii
Liem,
23