KY NIEM 35
NAM
NGAY
GIAI
PHONG
MIEN
NAM
^o/
thanjg.
miuL (X>u£ut
1975
THANG
LQI
CUA Y
CHJ OOC
LAP, THONG NHAT VA CHU NGHIA XA HOI
PGS,
TS DOAN NGOC
HAI*
D
ai thang
miia
Xuan
1975,
giii phdng
hoan toan mign Nam, thdng nhit Td
qudc,
dua ci nudc tign
Ign
CNXH la mdt
trong nhtmg thang lgi vT dai

luge da bign mign Nam thinh can cir quan sy,
thupc dia kigu mdi cua My, am muu chia cat
lau dii dat nude ta.
Diy khdng phii li lan dau tign dat nude bi
chia cat, ma trudc dd, da timg cd nhtmg thdi
ky phii chia cit do tranh gianh quygn lyc giiia
Hpc vien Chinh tri, Bd Quoc phdng
eic tip doan phong kign myc nit trong nudc
vi cic thg lyc phong kign ngoai bang. Sy chia
cat dat nude do eic trigu dai phong kign Viet
Nam gay ra keo dii hang thg ky, nhung giira
cic mign khdng ed sy khie biet sau sac vg
chinh tri, kinh te, van hoi, xa hdi. Nam - Bac
trigu, dang Trong hay dang Ngoii, dgu la chg
dp phong kign ehuygn che, dya trgn ngn ting
tu tudng, y thirc he Nho giio vdi ngn kinh tg
ndng nghigp lac hau, ty eip ty tuc.
21
nam
(1954
-
1975)
dit nudc bi chia cat,
hai mign Nam - Bac ed sy ddi lap nhau vg chg
dp ehinh tri; kinh tg, van hoi, tu tudng ed sy
bign ddng, khac biet, nhat li d cic vtmg dan
cu nam sau trong vtmg kigm soat
ciia
My va
chinh quygn tay sai. Tic nhin chinh gay ra sy

S6
4/2010
27
KY NIEM 35 NAM NGAY
GlAl
PHONG
Ml^N
NAM
song
CO
thi can, nui co thi mdn, nhung hai
mien Nam - Bac khdng thi ndo chia cdt dugc.
Ngay trong thing 7-1954, tai Hgi nghi
Trung uong sau (khoi
II),
Ding ta vi
Chii
tich
Hd Chi Minh da khang dinh: Didu chinh khu
vyc la tam thdi, Trung - Nam - Bic dgu la bd
cdi
CLia
ta, nudc ta nhat dinh se thdng nhat,
ddng bao ea nudc nhat dinh dugc giii phdng.
Day khdng chi la tinh cim
thidng ligng ciia
Ding,
ciia
Bac Hd trudc ndi dau dat nudc bi
chia cat, ddng bao va chign sT d mign Nam

quan sy. Vdi cudng vpng thye thi chidn luge
toan cau phan cich mang, dg qudc My tien
hanh chign tranh xam luge nudc ta vira bang
thii
doan chinh tri mi dan, vira bang
thii
doan
quan sy dam mau; tign hanh mdt cupc chign
tranh tdng lyc vg chinh tri, kinh tg, quan sy, tu
tudng va van hoa. Dg dinh thing eudc chien
tranh xam luge dd, chting ta cting phai sir
dung sire manh tdng hgp bao gdm cic ygu td
chinh fri, quan sy, kinh tg, van hoi, stic manh
dan tdc kdt hgp vdi sire manh thdi dai. Chiing
ta biet giinh thang lgi timg budc cho dung; tir
gianh thang lgi quygt dinh, danh cho My
ciit,
tign
Ign
gianh thang lgi hoan toan, dinh cho
nguy nhao, giii phdng mien Nam, thdng nhat
Td qudc. Tidn hanh chign tranh bang phuong
phip cich mang bao lyc tdng hgp, sir
diong
hai lyc lupng, hai hmh thiic dau tranh (chinh
tri vi quan sy); tign hanh khdi nghla timg
phan d ndng thdn tidn
Ign
chign tranh cich
mang; kgt hgp dau tranh chinh tri, diu tranh

chign tranh, tign
Ign
tdng tien cdng vi ndi day
dinh bai quan
thii,
gianh thang lgi hoin toan.
Trong ehi dao chign luge, vao thdi digm
chin mudi nhat
ciia
tinh thg each mang, thdi
CO
chign luge dg giai phdng mign Nam, thdng
nhat Td qudc xuat hien ttr sau Hiep dinh Pari
dugc ky kgt (27-1-1973). Dg qudc My chip
28
TAP CHl LjCH SLf DANG -
SO
4/2010
KY NIEM 35
NAM
NGAY GlAl PHONG MIEN NAM
nhan nit quan My va quan cac nudc ddng
minh ra khdi midn Nam Viet Nam; lye lupng
vti trang cich mang Viet Nam van d nguyen
tai mign Nam; hai ben d mign Nam se hiep
thuong giii quygt van dg ndi bd d midn Nam
Viet Nam. Dae biet, thdi ea chign luge giii
phdng mign Nam da
Id
rd vio cudi nam 1974,

quyet doin, mau le, mdt sy didu chinh chign
lupe
linh boat, sing tao eua Ding khi tinh the
cich mang xuit hien. Dd la ban
ITnh,
tri tue
ciia
mpt Ding diy dan kinh nghiem trong
lanh dao, didu hinh chign tranh. Vao thdi
digm lieh sir dd, ngu
trii
trir, do dy se bd
Id
thdi
CO.
Trong chi dao thye tign, Ding tap trung tdi
da lyc lugng da dugc chuan hi trudc cua tit ei
cic quan binh ehiing, ci din tdc tham gia
chidn dich Hd Chi Minh,
thye
hien ket hpp
tdng cdng kich vd quan sy vdi ndi day
eiia
quan chimg trdn toan mign Nam, gianh thing
lgi hoan toan cupc khing chidn chdng My,
ciai
nudc vao ngay 30-4-1975.
Chien thing 30-4-1975 li mdt thing lgi
kep
ciia

khd. Nhidu vin dg dat ra ddi hdi Ding phii
giii quyet. Cd thdng nhat dit nude ngay hay
khdng? Thdng nhit bang con dudng nao?
Thong nhat rdi dua dat nudc thoit khdi
ngheo nin, lac hiu bang con dudng nao?
Trudc nhung van de trpng dai
ciia
dit nude,
eua dan tdc d vao thdi didm
lieh
sir nhu thd,
ngu khdng quyet doin, mau le, sing tao,
sdm dua ra dudng loi, phuong phap cich
mang phit hgp se giy ra nhung hiu qui
khdn ludng.
Lap trudng thong nhit dat nudc
ciia
Ding
ta li thdng nhat trdn co sd dinh hudng phat
TAP CHi LICH
Sl>
OANG -
SO
4/2010
29
KY NIEM 35
NAM
NGAY GlAl PHONG
MI^N
NAM.

dyng CNXH thi nhtrng sy khic nhau vd
ding vd bg ngoai ay khdng can thidt nira.
Han ai hdt, nhan dan Viet Nam y thirc sau
sac rang, khdng cd con dudng nio khic la
con dudng ci nudc tien len ehu nghTa xa
hdi mdi tao ra nhtrng tidn dd can thiet cho
su tdn tai va phit trien, lam cho dat nudc
thoat khdi ngheo nin, lac hau. Ding ta
khang dinh: thong nhdt cdng sam, dua cd
nuac di lin chu nghia xa hgi ngdy cdng
phdt huy nhanh chong
sice
mgnh todn dien
ciia
ddt nudc vdo su nghiep xdy dung vd
bdo vi To quoc.
Chit truang
eiia
Ding nhanh chdng
thye
hien thdng nhit nudc nha ngay sau ngay
mign Nam hoin toan giii phdng da dugc
nhin dan ca nudc ddng tinh ung hd. Ding
da lanh dao thye hidn thdng nhat Td qudc
mot cich sang tao, ddc dao, mot mau myc
ve sy hoi hgp, thdng nhat dan tgc.
Trudc hgt la thye hien thdng nhat nudc
nha vd mat nha nudc theo dung phip ly, dan
chii
li tdng tuydn cir tren toan lanh thd Viet

thdng nhat. Ddng bao Nam Bic nhat dinh se
sum hgp mdt nhi. Tir ngay 24-6-1976 ddn
ngiy 3-7-1976, Qudc hgi nude Viet Nam
thdng nhat da hgp vi quydt dinh tdn nudc,
qudc ky, qudc huy, qudc ca; thinh lap cic
eo quan lap phip, hinh phip va tu phip.
Qudc hdi da bau ddng chi Tdn Dire Thang
lim Chit tjeh nudc, cac ddng ehi Nguyen
30
TAP CHl UCH
SU"
OANG - S6 4/2010
KY NIEM 35
NAM
NGAY GlAl PHONG
MI&N
NAM.
Luong Bang, Nguydn Hiru Thp lim Phd
Chii
tich nude, ddng chi Trudng - Chinh
lam
Chii
tich Uy ban Thudng vy Qudc hdi
va ddng chi Pham Van Ddng lam
Thii
tudng
Chinh phu nudc Cdng hoi xa hdi chu nghTa
Viet Nam.
Td chire, nhin sy, phuong thire boat ddng
ciia

kia nhu tuygn truygn cua mdt sd ngudi thidu
thien chi, phi hoai sy nghiep cich mang
eiia
Ding va nhan dan Viet Nam. Thang lgi dd
khang dinh bin
ITnh
chinh tri, tu duy ddc lap,
tu
chii,
sing tao
eiia
Ding, thd hien sire
manh, y chi dai doin kgt toin dan tdc. Ddng
thdi thang lgi dd dat ndn mdng vimg chic
cho sy phit trign khdng ngimg cua each
mang nudc ta.
Cich mang Viet Nam trong 35 nam tir
sau ngay giii phdng midn Nam, thong
nhit dat nude, nhat li gin 25 nam ddi
mdi toin dien dat nudc theo dinh hudng
XHCN do Dang ta khdi xudng va lanh
dao da giinh dugc nhigu thinh tyu to
Idn,
cd y nghTa lieh sir. Dd li nhiing minh
ehirng cho sy diing dan, sing tao ctia
Ding trong viee quygt djnh sdm thdng
nhat nude nhi, dua ci nudc tien len
CNXH ngay sau chidn thing 30-4-1975.
Ngay nay, trong tinh hinh thg gidi dang
xuat hien nhigu van de phirc tap vg tdn

Idn,
nhung van
phii ddi mat vdi nhieu nguy co, thich
thire.
Trong boi einh iy, ban luc nio hdt,
chiing ta phii gitr virng ddc lap dan tdc,
thdng nhit dit nude, thye hidn muc tidu
dan giiu, nudc manh, xa hdi cdng bang,
dan
ehii,
van minh theo dinh hudng xa hdi
ehu nghTa.
TAP CHl UCH
SU'
OANG -
S6
4/2010
31