2. a. Can you recommend good restaurant?
b. We had dinner in very nice restaurant.
c. We had dinner in most expensive restaurant in town.
3. a. She has French name but in fact she's English, not French.
b. What's name of that man we met yesterday?
c. We stayed at a very nice hotel - I can't remember name now.
4. a. There isn't airport near where I live nearest airport is 70
miles away.
b. Our plane was delayed. We had to wait at airport for three hours.
c. Excuse me, please. Can you tell me how to get to airport?
5. a. 'Are you going away next week?' 'No, week after next.'
b. I'm going away for week in September.
c. George has a part-time job. He works three mornings week.
71.3 Put in a/an or the in these sentences where necessary.
1. Would you like apple? _an apple._
2. How often do you go to dentist?
3. Could you close door, please?
4. I'm sorry. I didn't mean to do that. It was mistake
5. Excuse me, where is bus station, please?
6. I've got problem. Can you help me?
7. I'm just going to post office. I won't be long
8. There were no chairs, so we had to sit on floor.
9. Have you finished with book I lent you?
10. My sister has just got job in bank in Manchester.
11. We live in small flat near city centre.
12. There's small supermarket at end of street I live in
71.4 Answer these questions about yourself. Where possible, use the structure
in Section D (once a week/three times a day etc.).
1. How often do you go to the cinema? _Three or four times a year._
2. How much does it cost to hire a car in your country? _About L30 a day._
3. How often do you go away on holiday?

We usually say the radio, but television (without 'the'):
* I often listen to the radio.
* We heard the news on the radio.
* I often watch television.
* We watched the news on television.
but * Can you turn off the television, please? (= the television set)
Compare a:
* There isn't a theatre in this town.
* I'm going to buy a new radio/television (set).
E. Breakfast lunch dinner
We do not normally use the with the names of meals (breakfast, lunch etc.):
* What did you have for breakfast?
* We had lunch in a very nice restaurant.
* What time is dinner?
But we use a if there is an adjective before breakfast, lunch etc.:
We had a very nice lunch. (not 'we had very nice lunch')
F. Platform 5 Room 126 etc.
We do not use 'the' before noun + number. For example, we say:
* Our train leaves from Platform 5. (not 'the Platform 5')
* (in a shop) Have you got these shoes in size 43? (not 'the size 43')
In the same way, we say: Room 126 (in a hotel) page 29 (of a book) Section A
etc.
@p145
EXERCISES
72.1 Put in the or a/an where necessary. If no word is necessary, leave the
space empty(-).
1. A: Where did you have - lunch?
B: We went to _a_ restaurant.
2. A: Did you have nice holiday?
B: Yes, 'it was best holiday I've ever had.

2. Tim lives in small village in country.
3. Moon goes round earth every 27 days.
4. What is highest mountain in world?
5. I'm fed up with doing same thing every day.
6. It was very hot day. It was hottest day of year.
7. I don't usually have lunch but I always eat good breakfast.
8. If you live in foreign country, you should try and learn language.
9. We missed our train because we were waiting on wrong platform. We were on
Platform 3 instead of Platform 8.
72.4 Complete the sentences using one of the following. Use the if necessary.
breakfast cinema dinner gate Gate 21 Question 8 sea
1. I didn't have time for this morning because I was in a hurry.
2. 'I'm going to this evening.' 'Are you? What film are you going to see?'
3. There was no wind, so was very calm.
4. 'Are you going out this evening?' 'Yes, after
5. The examination paper wasn't too difficult but I couldn't answer
6. Oh is open. I must have forgotten to shut it.
7. (airport announcement) 'Flight BA123 to Vienna is now boarding at
@p146
UNIT 73. The (2) (School/the school)
A. Compare school and the school:
#1 Alison is ten years old. Every day she goes to school. She's at school now.
School begins at 9 and finishes at 3.
We say a child goes to school or is at school (as a pupil). We are not
necessarily thinking of a particular school. We are thinking of school as a
general idea.
#2 Today Alison's mother wants to speak to her daughter's teacher. So she has
gone to the school to see her. She's at the school now.
Alison's mother is not a pupil. She is not 'at school', she doesn't 'go to
school'. But if she wants to see Alison's teacher, she goes to the school (=

D. We say 'go to sea/be at sea' (without 'the') when the meaning is 'go/be
on a voyage':
* Keith is a seaman. He spends most of his life at sea.
but * I'd like to live near the sea.
* It can be dangerous to swim in the sea.
@p147
EXERCISES
73.1 Complete the sentences using a preposition (to/at/in etc.) + one of the
following words:
bed home hospital prison school university work
You can use the words more than once.
1. Two people were injured in the accident and were taken _to hospital._
2. In Britain, children from the age of five have to go
3. Mark didn't go out last night. He stayed
4. I'll have to hurry. I don't want to be late
5. There is a lot of traffic in the morning when everybody is going
6. Cathy's mother has just had an operation. She is still
7. When Julia leaves school, she wants to study economics
8. Bill never gets up before 9 o'clock. It's 8.30 now, so he is still
9. If you commit a serious crime, you could be sent
73.2 Complete the sentences with the word given (school etc.). Use the where
necessary.
1. (school)
a. Every term parents are invited to the school to meet the teacher.
b. Why aren't your children at school today? Are they ill?
c. When he was younger, Ted hated
d. What time does start in the mornings in your country?
e. A: How do your children get home from ? By bus?
B: No, they walk isn't very far.
f. What sort of job does jenny want to do when she leaves ?

UNIT 74. The (3) (Children/the children)
A. When we are talking about things or people in general, we do not use
'the':
* I'm afraid of dogs. (not 'the dogs') (dogs = dogs in general, not a
particular group of dogs)
* Doctors are paid more than teachers.
* Do you collect stamps?
* Crime is a problem in most big cities. (not 'the crime')
* Life has changed a lot in the last 30 years. (not 'the life')
* Do you often listen to classical music? (not 'the classical music')
* Do you like Chinese food/French cheese/Swiss chocolate?
* My favourite sport is football/skiing/athletics. (not 'the football the
skiing' etc.)
* My favourite subject at school was history/physics/English. We say 'most
people/most books/most cars' etc. (not 'the most ' see also Unit 87A).
* Most people like George. (not 'the most people')
B. We use the when we mean particular things or people. Compare:
#1 In general (without 'the')
* Children learn a lot from playing. (= children in general)
* I often listen to music.
* All cars have wheels.
* Sugar isn't very good for you.
* Do English people work hard? (= English people in general)
#2 Particular people or things (with the)
* We took the children to the zoo. (= a particular group, perhaps the
speaker's own children)
* The film wasn't very good but I liked the music. (= the music in the film)
* All the cars in this car park belong to people who work here.
* Can you pass the sugar, please? (= the sugar on the table)
* Do the English people you know work hard? (= only the English people you

(the) basketball (the) questions (the) history (the) hotels (the) meat
(the) lies (the) information (the) patience (the) people (the) water (the)
grass (the) spiders
1. My favourite sport is basketball.
2. The information we were given wasn't correct.
3. Many people are afraid of
4. A vegetarian is somebody who doesn't eat
5. The test wasn't very difficult. I answered all without difficulty.
6. Do you know who live next door?
7. is the study of the past.
8. George always tells the truth. He never tells
9. We couldn't find anywhere to stay in the town. All were full.
10. in the pool didn't look very clean, so we didn't go for a swim.
11. Don't sit on It's wet after the rain.
12. You need to teach young children.
74.3 Choose the correct form, with or without the.
1. I'm afraid of _dogs/the dogs._ ('dogs' is correct)
2. Can you pass _salt/the salt_, please? ('the salt' is correct)
3. _Apples/The apples_ are good for you.
4. Look at _apples/the apples_ on that tree! They're very big.
5. _Women/The women_ live longer than men/the men.
6. I don't drink _tea/the tea._ I don't like it'
7. We had a very nice meal. _Vegetables/The vegetables_ were especially good.
8. _Life/The life_ is strange sometimes. Some very strange things happen.
9. I like _skiing/the skiing_ but I'm not very good at it.
10. Who are _people/the people_ in this photograph?
11. What makes _people/the people_ violent? What causes aggression/the
aggression?
12. _All books/All the books_ on the top shelf belong to me.
13. Don't stay in that hotel. It's very noisy and _beds/the beds_ are very

the young the old the elderly the rich the poor the unemployed the
homeless the sick the disabled the injured the dead
The young = young people, the rich = rich people etc.:
* Do you think the rich should pay more taxes to help the poor?
* The homeless need more help from the government.
These expressions are always plural in meaning. You cannot say 'a young' or
'an unemployed'. You must say 'a young man', 'an unemployed woman' etc. Note
also that we say 'the poor' (not 'the poors'), 'the young' (not 'the youngs')
etc.
C. The + nationality
You can use the with some nationality adjectives to mean 'the people of that
country'. For example:
* The French are famous for their food. (= the people of France)
* Why do the English think they are so wonderful? (= the people of England) In
the same way you can say:
the Spanish the Dutch the British the Irish the Welsh
Note that the French/the English etc. are plural in meaning. You cannot say 'a
French/an English'. You have to say 'a Frenchman/an Englishwoman' etc.
You can also use the + nationality words ending in -ese (the Chinese/the
Sudanese etc.):
* The Chinese invented printing.
These words can also be singular (a Japanese, a Sudanese).
Also: the Swiss/a Swiss (plural or singular)
With other nationalities, the plural noun ends in -s. For example:
an Italian a Mexican a Scot a Turk (the) Italians (the) Mexicans (the)
Scots (the) Turks
@p151
EXERCISES
75.1 Answer the questions. Choose the right answer from the box. Don't forget
the. Use a dictionary if necessary.

2. Ambulances arrived at the scene of the accident and took to hospital.
3. Life is all right if you have a job, but things are not so easy for
4. Julia has been a nurse all her life. She has spent her life caring for
5. In England there is an old story about a man called Robin Hood. It is said
that he robbed and gave the money to
75.4 What do you call the people of these countries?
1. Canada?
one person (a/an ): a Canadian
the people in general: the Canadian
2. Germany?
one person (a/an ):
the people in general:
3. France?
one person (a/an ):
the people in general:
4. Russia?
one person (a/an ):
the people in general:
5. China?
one person (a/an ):
the people in general:
6. Brazil?
one person (a/an ):
the people in general:
7. England?
one person (a/an ):
the people in general:
8. and your country?
one person (a/an ):
the people in general:

the Mediterranean (Sea)
the Red Sea
the Indian Ocean
the Channel (between France and Britain)
the Suez Canal
the (River) Amazon
the (River) Thames
the Nile
the Rhine
D. We use the with plural names of people and places:
people: the Taylors (= the Taylor family), the Johnsons
countries: the Netherlands, the Philippines, the United States
groups of islands: the Canaries/the Canary Islands, the Bahamas, the British
Isles
mountain ranges: the Rocky Mountains/the Rockies, the Andes, the Alps
* The highest mountain in the Alps is Mont Blanc. (not 'the Mont Blanc')
E. North/northern etc.
We say: the north (of France) but northern France (without 'the')
the south-east (of Spain) but south-eastern Spain
Compare:
* Sweden is in northern Europe; Spain is in the south.
Also: the Middle East the Far East
You can also use north/south etc. + a place name (without 'the'):
North America West Africa South-East Spain
Note that on maps, the is not usually included in the name.
@p153
EXERCISES
76.1 Put in the where necessary. Leave a space (-) if the sentence is already
complete.
1. Who is - Doctor Johnson? (The sentence is complete without the.)

rivers and canals: Amazon, Rhine, Danube, Thames, Nile, Volga, Suez Canal,
Panama Canal
1. What do you have to cross to travel from Europe to America? _The Atlantic_
2. Where is Argentina?
3. Which is the longest river in Africa?
4. Of which country is Stockholm the capital?
5. Of which country is Washington the capital?
6. What is the name of the mountain range in the west of North America?
7. What is the name of the sea between Africa and Europe?
8. Which is the smallest continent in the world?
9. What is the name of the ocean between America and Asia?
10. What is the name of the ocean between Africa and Australia?
11. Which river flows through London?
12. Which river flows through Vienna, Budapest and Belgrade?
13. Of which country is Bangkok the capital?
14. What joins the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans?
15. Which is the longest river in South America?
@p154
UNIT 77. Names with and without the (2)
A. Names without 'the'
We do not use 'the' with names of most streets/roads/squares/parks etc.:
Union Street (not 'the ') Fifth Avenue Piccadilly Circus Hyde Park
Blackrock Road Broadway Times Square Waterloo Bridge
Many names (especially names of important buildings and institutions) are two
words:
Kennedy Airport Cambridge University
The first word is usually the name of a person ('Kennedy') or a place
('Cambridge'). We do not usually use 'the' with names like these. Some more
examples:
Victoria Station (not 'the ') Edinburgh Castle London Zoo Westminster

the Tropic of Capricorn
the Gulf of Mexico
the University of London (but the London University)
C. Many shops, restaurants, hotels, banks etc. are named after the people
who started them. These names end in -'s or -s. We do not use 'the' with these
names:
Lloyds Bank (not the Lloyds Bank) McDonalds Jack's Guest House Harrods
(shop)
Churches are often named after saints:
St John's Church (not the St John's Church)
St Paul's Cathedral
D. Names of companies, airlines etc. are usually without 'the':
Fiat (not the Fiat) Sony Kodak British Airways IBM
@p155
EXERCISES
77.1 Use the map to answer the questions in the way shown. Write the name of
the place and the street it is in. On maps we do not normally use the. In your
sentences, use the if necessary.
1. Is there a cine a near here? Yes, the Odeon in Baines Street.
2. Is there a supermarket near here? Yes, in
3. Is there a hotel near here? Yes, in
4. Is there a church near here? Yes,
5. Is there a nub near here? Yes.
6. Is there a museum near here? Yes,
7. Is there a bank near here? Yes,
8. Is there a Park near here? Yes, at the end of
9. Is there a restaurant near here? Yes,
77.2 Where are these streets and buildings? Choose from the box to complete
the sentences. Use the where necessary.
Acropolis Vatican Broadway White House Buckingham Palace St Mark's

Herald_?
15. This book is published by _Cambridge University Press/the Cambridge
University Press._
@p156
UNIT 78. Singular and plural
A. Sometimes we use a plural noun for one thing that has two parts. For
example:
trousers (two legs) also jeans/tights/shorts/pants
pyjamas (top and bottom)
glasses (or spectacles)
binoculars
scissors
These words are plural, so they take a plural verb:
* My trousers are too long. (not 'is too long')
You can also use a pair of + these words:
* Those are nice jeans. or That's a nice pair of jeans. (not 'a nice jeans')
* I need some new glasses. or I need a new pair of glasses.
B. Some nouns end in -ics but are not usually plural. For example: athletics
gymnastics mathematics (or maths) physics electronics economics politics
* Gymnastics is my favourite sport.
News is not plural (see Unit 69C):
* What time is the news on television? (not 'are the news')
Some words ending in -s can be singular or plural. For example:
means a means of transport many means of transport
series a television series two television series
species a species of bird 200 species of bird
C. Some singular nouns are often used with a plural verb. For example:
government staff team family audience committee company firm
These nouns are all groups of people. We often think of them as a number of
people (= 'they'), not as one thing (= 'it'). So we often use a plural verb:

4. The bicycle is of transport.
5. The bicycle and the car are of transport.
6. I want to cut this piece of material. I need
7. Ann is going to write of articles for her local newspaper.
8. There are a lot of American TV shown on British television.
9. While we were out walking, we saw 25 different of bird.
78.2 In each example the words on the left are connected with an activity (for
example, a sport or an academic subject). Write the name of the activity. Each
time the beginning of the word is given.
1. calculate algebra equation: mathematics.
2. government election minister: p
3. finance trade industry: e
4. running lumping throwing: a
5. light heat gravity: ph
6. exercises somersault parallel bars: gy
7. computer silicon chip video games: el
78.3 Choose the correct form of the verb, singular or plural. In one sentence
either the singular or plural verb is possible.
1. Gymnastics _is/are_ my favourite sport. ('is' is correct)
2. The trousers you bought for me _doesn't/don't_ fit me.
3. The police _want/wants_ to interview two men about the robbery last week.
4. Physics _was/were_ my best subject at school.
5. Can I borrow your scissors? Mine _isn't/aren't_ sharp enough.
6. Fortunately the news _wasn't/weren't_ as bad as we expected.
7. Where _does/do_ your family live?
8. Three days _isn't/aren't_ long enough for a good holiday.
9. I can't find my binoculars. Do you know where _it is/they are?_
10. Do you think the people _is/are_ happy with the government?
11. _Does/Do_ the police know how the accident happened?
12. I don't like very hot weather. Thirty degrees _is/are_ too warm for me.

(all different kinds of problems)
Compare:
garden vegetables (= vegetables that are grown in a garden)
a vegetable garden (= a garden where vegetables are grown)
Often the first word ends in ~ing. Usually these are things used for doing
something. For example:
a washing machine a frying pan a swimming pool the dining room
Sometimes there are more than two nouns together:
* I waited at the hotel reception desk. (= a desk)
* We watched the World Swimming Championships on television.
* If you want to play table tennis (= a game), you need a table tennis table
(= a table).
B. When nouns are together like this, sometimes we write them as one word
and sometimes as two separate words. For example:
a headache toothpaste a weekend a stomach ache table tennis
There are no clear rules for this. If you are not sure, it is usually better
to write two words.
You can often put a hyphen (-) between the two words (but this is not usually
necessary): a dining-room the city-centre
C. Note the difference between:
a wine glass (perhaps empty) and a glass of wine (= a glass with wine in it)
a shopping bag (perhaps empty) and a bag of shopping (= a bag full of
shopping)
D. When we use noun + noun, the first noun is like an adjective. It is
normally singular but the meaning is often plural. For example, a bookshop is a
shop where you can buy books, an apple tree is a tree that has apples.
In the same way we say:
a three-hour journey (not 'a three-hours journey')
a ten-pound note (not 'pounds') two 14-year-old girls (not 'years')
a four-week English course (not 'weeks') a three-page letter (not 'pages')

5. If you want to know if it's going to rain, you can read or listen to this.
The
6. This person is a top journalist. A
7. You might stop to look in this when you're walking along a street. A
79.4 Complete the sentences using one of the following:
15 minute(s) 60 minute(s) two hour(s) five day(s) two year(s) 500 year(s)
six mile(s) 20 pound(s) five course(s) ten page(s) 450 page(s)
Sometimes you need the singular (day/page etc.) and sometimes the
plural(days/pages etc.)
1. It's quite a long book. There are _450 pages._
2. A few days ago I received a _ten-page_ letter from Julia.
3. I didn't have any change. I only had a note.
4. At work in the morning I usually have a break for coffee.
5. There are in an hour.
6. It's only a flight from London to Madrid.
7. It was a big meal. There were
8. Mary has just started a new job. She's got a contract.
9. The oldest building in the city is the old castle.
10. I work a week. Saturday and Sunday are free.
11. We went for a walk in the country.
@p160
UNIT 80. -s (the girl's name) and of (the name of the book)
A. We normally use -'s for people or animals (the girl's /the horse's
etc.):
the girl's name the horse's tail Mr Evans's daughter a woman's hat the
manager's office Sarah's eyes
* Where is the manager's office? (not 'the office of the manager')
* What colour are Sarah's eyes? (not 'the eyes of Sarah')
Note that you can use -'s without a following noun:
* This isn't my book. It's my brother's. (= my brother's book)