57

t(x, y) = xy
 :
1. Giao hoán 
 :
Hàm s :
)z),y,x(s(s))y,x(s,x(s 







xyzzx yz xy z y x z) y), (x,(ss
xyzzx yz xy z y x z)) s(y, (x,s

Hàm t :


+





x ),x(s
),x(s
0
11

)(n

2. n(n(x)) = x




n(y)
Ví dụ : hàm 1  x

-  
1. s (x, t (y, z)) = t (s (x, y), s (x, z))
2. t (x, s (y, z)) = s (t (x, y), t (x, z))
3. n ( s (x, y)) = t (n (x), n (y))
4. n ( t (x, y)) = s (n (x), n (y))

6.4 :
-  :
If X
1
= v
1
và X
2
= v
2
và và X
n
= v
n


V
B
~
Y 


- Logic 

A

B
U = {x
1
, x
n

V = {y
1
, y
n

-   

A

58


X = ( 


j
B

B
(y
j
)

If X = x
1
then Y = y
1

11 If X = x
2
then Y = y
m

1m If X = x
n
then Y = y
1



 y
1
y
2
y
m
x
1

11

12 
1m
x
2

21

22 
2m

x
n


)

- 
If X = A

Y = B then Z = C
R
C/A, B
= R
C/A


R
C/B

If X = A If Y = B
then Z = C then Z = C

R
C/A
R
C/B

- 
ijR
= min (
iR
, 
jR

0.3
0.2
0.42
0.18
0.12
0.7
0.4
0.4

-  
If x
1
=

1
1
U
A




2
2
U
A





10
],[)v,u(
A/B
10
 


],[U:
A
10
],[)u(
A
10





],[V:
B
10

 1 – x n (x)
(kéo theo)
),(max
BA

 1


1
, r
2
, , r
m
}
r
i
: left
i

i

r
i
:
B
~
YA

V, ,D
~
V,D
~
V{
kk

2211



k21
DDD
, ,, 
?

i
D


), ,,;, ,,(
GT
R
lm
eeerrr
    

2121

- Procedure SD ( R : set of rules ;







2211
), ,,(FBY
n
AArB





1

- Xét :

B
~
YthenA
~
XIf A












nmnn
m
m
n

), ,,(




21
22221
11211
21




n
k
kjkjBj
y
1
.)(




)),((minmax
kjk

ii
B
~
YthenA
~
XIf 

A/BAB
R



 
hay không ?
+ Heuristic (TTNT)
+ GT di truyền.

B
~
YthenA
~
X A
~
XA
~
XIf
nn

2211nn
A
~
X A
~
XA
~
X



B
~
YthenA
~
XIf
ii
i
A
~
X


n
i
i
B
~
B
~
Y;B
~
Y
1


~
B
~
Y;B
~
Y
1







 
 
  
 AND :


OR :


 



Ví dụ :

1. If X = A

6
then Z = C
7




 : W = {+, } 11
A/B
M

a
B
22
A/B
M

a
b
44
B/C
M

a
b
(0.6 ; 0.2 ; 0.1)
1

33
B/C
M
55
A/C
M

a
b
(0.6 ; 0.6)
a
0.2
0.3
1
0.1

0
= (0.6, 0.2, 0.1)

 :
0
02
01
B 0.6) (0.6, Y
0.6) (0.6, Y )A ,(r MP -
0.5) (0.6, Y )A ,(r MP -







0
04
03
C 0.6) (0.6,
0.6) (0.6, Z)B ,(r MP -
0.6) (0.6, Z)B ,(r MP -






Z

B 0.6) (0.6, Y )A ,(r MP - 

0.6) (0.6,
0.6) (0.6, Z)B ,(r MP -
0.6) (0.6, Z)B ,(r MP -
2
04
2
03







63

0.6) (0.6, Z 0.2) (0.2, )A ,(r MP -
05
Chứng minh : 
1. 
2.  norm :


6. 
65

Đề thi tham khảo:

Đề 1:

Câu 1 (3 đ):
ên gia là gì?

Câu 2 (4 đ): 
r1: a ^ b -> c r5: c ^ d -> e
r2: b -> c r6: a ^ e -> f
r3: b ^ h -> d r7: e ^ f -> m
r4: a ^ c -> d



Câu 3 (3 đ)
0) và B = (0, 0.5, 1, 0.5, 0.4),
 .

Đề 2:

Câu 1 (3 đ):
Trong c
V

Câu 2 (4 đ): 
r1: b ^ c -> a r5: a ^ d -> e








1. H
2. C
3. C
4. S