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HA
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GIAI
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Chiu
track nhiem xudt bdn
TS HUYNH BA LAN
T6 chiic bdn thao vd chiu track nkiem
vi
tac quyin
DOAN VAN KHANU
Bien tap
NGUYEN THI
NGOC
HAN
6
nam 2013 cua
Nha
xuat
bdn
DHQGTPHCM.
In t?i
Cong
ty In
Song
Nguy6n,
n^p
lau
chilu
quy IV
nSm 2013.
LClI
N(&I DAU
De h6 trg
viec
hoc tap va on thi TU TAI
-
DAI HOC
-
CAO DANG
hang nam, toi viet
cuon
sach
n^y
theo
Gidi thieu 05
de
thi thuf Tu tai va 06 de thi thuf Dai hoc
de cac em
thijf
siJc
minh.
Cac
de
thi thuf mang
tinh
he thong day du cau hoi li thuyet va hki
tap. Sau do cac em tham
khao
ddp an
de
rut
kinh
nghiem trong ki thi
sSp tdi nham dat ket qua nhuf
mong
doi. Chiing toi hi
vong
cuon
sdch
nay
la
tai lieu tham
khao
hCJu ich giup
se
duac
hokn
thien hdn.
Xin
tran
trong cam cfn.
Tac
gid
Nguyen Tuyen Hd
T
CAC
D4NG
BAI AP
D^JNG
CACH
TiNH
NHANH
Cach
tinh nhanh so
dong
phan ciia:
-
Ancol no, dctn
chiiCc
(C„H2n+20):
2n-2
(1<
n < 6)
-
(2< n <
7)
-
Amin dctn chiic, no
(CnHzn+sN):
2n-l
(n<
5)
Dang
1: KIM
LOAI
TAG
DUNG
VOl
AXIT
A.
HCI, H2SO4
(loang)
Doi vdi hat loai
axit
tren
thi chi phdn ling voi nhUng kim loai diing
trade
H
trong
day
hoat
d6ng
hoa hoc.
K
kim
loai
+
96 n,i^
*
Dung dich HCI:
nimudi
dorua
=
nihSn
hgp kim
loai
+ 71 nj,^
BAI TAP AP
DUNG
Bai
1: Cho l,04g hon hop hai kim loai tan hoan toan trong dung dich
H2SO4
loang du thodt ra
0,672
Ht khi H2 (dktc). Khoi luong hon hop
muoi sunfat khan thu
di/oc
la:
A.
3,92g
B. l,96g
C.3,52g
D.5,88g
HUdng
12,405
gam B.
10,985
gam C.
11,195
gam D.
7,2575
gam
HU&ng
d&n gidi
nH |^ =
0,105(mol)
Ap dung
cong
thuTc:
mmuei doma = nihSn iwp kim loai +71 n„^
=
3,53 + 0,105 . 71=
10,985
gam
Chon ddp 6n B.
Bai
3: Hoa tan hoan to^n 2,17 gam hon hap 3 kim loai A, B, C trong
dung dich HCl da thu
diTOc
2,24 lit khi H2 (dktc) va m gam muoi. Gia
tri
cua m 1^.
A. 9,27 gam. B. 5,72 gam. C. 6,85 gam. D. 6,48 gam.
Hiidng
m^ua-i
ciorua = nihSn hap kim loai + 71
n^^
4,03-1,19
r^r^A ^ ^^
nji^
= ^^^p—= 0,04
(mol)
^ V„^ = 0,04 . 22,4 =
0,896
lit
Chon dap an C.
Bai
5: Cho 5,35 gam h6n hop X gom Mg, Fe, Al vao 250ml dung dich Y
gom
H2SO4
0,5M va HCl IM thu
duoc
3,921it khi H2 (dktc) va dung
dich A. Co can dung dich A trong dieu kien khong c6 khong khi, thu
diTOc
m gam chat rSn khan. Gia tri cua m la
A.
20,900
gam. B.
26,225
gam. C.
26,375
gam. D.
28,600
(0,125.96)
+
(0,25.35,5)
=
26,225
gam
Chon dap an B
Bai
6: (DH khoi A.2010): Cho m gam hon hap bot X gom ba kim loai
Zn,
Cr, Sn c6 so mol b^ng nhau tac dung het vdi
lirotng
diT dung dich
HCl
loang, nong thu dugc dung dich Y khi Ha- Co can dung dich
Y
thu dtfdc 8,98 gam muoi khan. Neu cho m gam hon hop X tac
dung hoan toan vdi O2 (du) de tao hon hop 3 oxit thi the
tich
khi
(dktc) phan
ijrng
la
A. 2,016
lit.
B.
0,672
lit.
C. 1,344 Ht. D. 1,008 lit
Hii&ng
=> Vo^ =
0,045.22,4
= 1,008 lit
Chon dap an D
Bai
7: Cho 11 gam hon hop Al va Fe tac dung het v6i dung dich HCl
thu
dirge 8,96 lit H2 (dktc). Phan
tram
khoi lugng cua Fe trong hon
hop la.
A.
49,09%.
B. 50,91%. C. 40,91%. D.
59,09%.
Hiiofng
dan gidi
Liiu
y: Kim loai tac dung vdi mot chat nao do ma sinh ra thi ti
le mol giufa kim loai va H2 luon b^ng hod tri kim log,i chia 2
So do Al -> - H2
2
X mol —> — X mol
2
Fe -4 H2
y mol y mol
"H,
=|g =
0,4(mol)
Ta lap va giai he phuong
5,32 ^ nor,,-/ — .V „ .
=
0,2375(mol)
22,4
Ta c6: 2H*
Ban dau: 0,5 mol
Pu:
0,475
<-
Sau pir:
0,025mol
Sau phan iJng axit diT H*
=1
H2
0,2375
mol
I
0,025
0,25
=
0,1M
pH
= -log [H^^
Chon dap an A
Bai
9: (De KB.2007): Cho 1,67 gam hon hop 2 kim loai d 2 chu ky ke
tiep
nhau thuoc nhom IIA tac dung het vdi dung dich HCl dii, thoat
ra
0,672
0,5M thu dMc dung dich B va
4,368
Ht
H2(dktc). Phan trSm khoi laong Mg va Al trong X tucfng ufng la
A. 37,21% Mg va
62,79%
Al. B.
62,79%
Mg va 37,21% Al.
C.
45,24%
Mg va
54,76%
Al. D.
54,76%
Mg va
45,24%
Al.
B^i
nay lam tifcfng tif bai 5
Bai
11: Hoa tan m(g) h6n hop Zn va Fe can vCra du 11 dung dich HCl
3,65M (d = l,19g/ml) thu
dugc
mot chat khi va
1250g
dung dich D.
Vay m c6 gia
tri:
A.
1250 + 2(^) - 1190 ^
63,65(g)
Chon dap an C.
B. KIM LOAI TAG DyNG VC3l
HNO3,
H2SO4
(d|c)
Axit
H2SO4
(dSc) + kim loai = muoi sunfat + san pham khuf + H2O
San
phdm khii c6 thi Id SO2 (nhan 2e), H2S (nhan 8e),S (nhan 6e)
* mmuoi sunfat = "1
kin,
loai
+ molgpk.so 6 nhan. i .96
axit
HNO3
+ kim loai = muoi
nitrat
+ san pham
khijf
+ H2O
San
phdm khd c6 the la NO2 (nhan le), NO (nhan 3e), N2O (nhan
8e), N2 (nhan lOe),
NH4NO3
(nhan 8e).
* m muoi
nitrat
thuTc: m
musl
nitrat
= m
kim
loai
+ molspk-so e nhan.62
=
1,86 + 0,025.8.62 = 14,26 gam
Chon dap an D
Bai
2: Hoa tan hoan toan 9,94 gam hon hop X gom Al, Fe, Cu trong
lugng du dung dich
HNO3
thu
dugc
3,584 lit khi NO duy nhat (dktc).
Tong khoi lugng muoi khan tao thanh la:
A. 39,7gam B. 29,7gam C. 39,3gam D. 27,7gam
Hiidng
dan
gidi
n„„=||M.o,16n.o.
Ap dung
cong
thUc: mmuoi
nitrat
= m kim
loai
+ molspk.so e nhan.62
gidi
tuang
tii bai 2.
Bai
4: Hoa
tan hoan toan
13,68
gam hon
hdp X
gom Al,
Cu, Fe
bSng
dung dich HNO3 loang, diX thu diroc
1,568 lit
khi N2O (dktc)
va
dung
dich
chuTa
m
gam muoi.
Gia
tri cua
m
la.
A.
48,40
gam.
B. 31,04
gam.
0,672
Ht
khi
NO
(san pham khuf duy nhat,
d
dktc).
So
mol HNO3
da
phan
ufng
la
A.
0,12. B. 0,14. C. 0,16.
D.
0,18.
HiCdng
ddn gidi
Tom
t^t:
Fe, Al, Zn, Mg
+
O2
-> hh ; hh +
HNO3
->
muoi
+ NO
'
= ( cho H^O);
nHNo,
,pu
ox,
ho.
- uha, = 3.n^o ( Do N^^ —^ NO)
^^^iiNo,=
2no,oxit)
+
3nf^o+
n^o
=
^T^o(<«iM+
'^^m
=
2.0,03 + 4.0,03 = 0,18
mol
Chon
dap
an D
Bai
6: (BH
khoi
B.2008): Cho 2,16 gam Mg tAc
dung
vdi
dung dich
HNO3 (du).
Sau
khi cac phan iJng xay
+
8HNO3
^
3Mg(N03)2
+ 2N0 +
4H2O
<
0,06 < 0,04
0,06 <
4Mg
+
IOHNO3
0,03 >
>
4Mg(N03)2
+
NH4NO3
+
3H2O
0,03 > 0,0075
Khoi
liTcfng muoi khan thu diioc khi lam bay hoi dung dich
X
\k
m
= 0,09. 148 + 0,0075.80 = 13,92
(gam)
^
chon
B.
(gam)
->
chon
B
Bai
7: Hoa
tan
23,4
gam
G
gom Al,
Fe, Cu
bang mot lirong
vCra
du dung
dich
H2SO4
d5c,
nong, thu di/dc
15,12 lit
khi SO2 (dktc)
va
dung dich
chuTa
m
gam muoi.
Gia
tri cua
m
la.
dap
an C. |
Bai 8: Kok tan ho^n to^n m gam hon X gom Al, Fe, Cu vko dung dich
HNO3
dSc nong du, thu duoc dung dich Y chufa
39,99
gam muoi va
7,168 Ht khi
NO2
(dktc). Gia tri cua m la.
A.
20,15 gam. B.
30,07
gam. C.
32,28
gam. D. 19,84 gam.
Hiicfng
ddn
gidi
HMO
=^^^ =
0,32mol
"""^ 22,4
Ap
dung cong
thiJc:
m raM
nitrat
= m kim loai + molspk.so e
nhan.62
V2
la
A. V2
= Vi. B.
V2
= 2Vi. C.
V2
= 2,5Vi. D.
V2
=
l,5Vi.
Hiictng
dan
gidi
TNI:
nc„=^ = 0,06 mol
b4
n„,
=0,08
mol
n^^_
= 0,08 mol
nHN03
=0.08
mol ,
3Cu + 8H" +
2NO3-
> 3Cu^^ +
2N0T
+
ntfdc
cudng
toan thi so mol HCl
phan
ilng
va so mol NO (san pham
khuf
duy
nhat)
tao
thanh
Ian
liToft
la
A.
0,03 va 0,01 B. 0,06 va 0,02
C. 0,03 va 0,02 D. 0,06 va 0,01
Hiicfng
ddn
gidi
• Ni/dc CLfdng toan la ti le 3 : 1 giufa HCl va
HNO3
Au
+ 3HC1 +
HNO3
>
AUCI3
+ NO +
2H2O
0,02 -> 0,06 -> 0,02
7,06g.
C.
10,56g.
D.
12,26g.
HUdng
dan
gidi
^ 1^344 ^ oGmol dSt
NO2
x mol,
SO2
ymol
22,4
r46x
+ 64y = 2,94 fx = 0,05
x + y = 0,06 [y = 0,01
nimuai
= 3 + (0,05 .62 +
0,01 2
.96) = 7,06 gam
2
•
Dap an B.
Bai 12: Cho 8,3 gam h5n hcfp Al va Fe tac dung vdi dung dich
HNO3
loang dtr thi thu dircfc 45,5 gam muoi nitrat khan. The tich khi NO
(dktc,
san pham khuf duy nhat) thoat ra la:
!
Chon
dap an A
Bai
13: Hoa
tan hoan toan
1,23 gam hon hop X gom Cu va Al vao
dung
dich
HNO3
dSc,
nong thu
dixoc
1,344
lit khi
NO2
(san
pham khuf
duy
nhat,
d
dktc). Phan trSm
ve
khoi liiong
cua
Cu trong hon
hop X la
A.
21,95%.
B.
78,05%.
Ta
c6:
64x + 27y
=
l,23
fx = 0,015
|2x +
3y-0,06
[y = 0,01
%Cu=M15:6i.78,05%
1,23
Chon
dap an B
Bai
14: Hoa
tan
15
gam
hon hop X gom
hai kim loai Mg
va
Al
vao
dung
dich
Y gom
HNO3
va
H2SO4
dSc
Ta c6:
Qud
trinh
oxi ho^: Mg
->
Mg^*
+ 2e Al
x
2x y
=> Tong
so
mol
e
nhudng bing
(2x + 3y).
Al'"
+ 3e
3y
Qua
trinh
khii:
+ 3e ->
N*=^
2N*^
+ 2 x 4e 2N*^
0,3
0,1 0,8 0,2
N*^
+ le N"" S"^ + 2e S*^
0,1
Bai
15:
Cho
2,8 gam hon hop bot
kim loai
bac va
dong
tac
dung v6i dung
dich
HNO3
dSc, dtr
thi
thu
duoc
0,896
lit
khi NO2
duy
nhat
(d
dktc).
Thanh phan phan tram cua
bac va
dong
trong h6n
hop
Ian liTOt la:
A. 73%
;
+
nH2S04
(loang)
^
M2(S04)„
+
nHzO
Cach
tmh
nhanh
cho
trie nghi?m
* Doi vdi axit H2SO4
(loang)
Khoi
li/ong muoi thu
dugc
la:
m^^ai
^unfat
=
mhSn
hap
oxukim
loai
+
n,[^so,
-80
Doi vdi axitHCl
•
dung het
vdi
200ml dung dich HCl 4M (vCra
du) thu
duoc
dung dich
X.
Luong muoi
c6
trong dung dich
X
bSng
A. 79,2g
B.
78,4g
C. 72g D.
72,9g
HUcfng
ddn
gidi
Ap
dung COng thufC: nimudi
cloma
= nihon
h<7p
oxit
kim loai + 27,5 n^jp,
= 50 +
(0,2.4.27,5)
= 72 gam
nihSn
hop
oxit
kim loai + J^HaSOi -^^
= 2,81 +
(0,3.0,1.80)
= 5,21 gam
Chon dap an C.
Bai 3: De tac dung
vCra
du vdi
7,68g
hon hop gom FeO,
Fe304,
FegOs can
dung 260 ml dung
dich
HCl IM. Dung
dich
thu
diTOc
cho tac dyng vdi
NaOH du, ket tua thu Auac
mang
nung trong khong khi den khoi
iLfOng
khong doi
duoc
m gam chat r^n. Gia tri cua m la:
A.6g B. 7g C.8g D.9g
Bai 4: Oxi hoa
cham
m gam Fe
ngoai
khong khi sau mot
thcJi
gian thu
duoc
12 gam hon hop X
g6m(Fe,
FeO, FezOg,
Fe304).
De hoa tan het
X, can vCra du 300 ml dung dich HCl IM, dong
thdi
giai phdng
0,672
Ht
khi (dktc). Tinh m?
A.10,08
B.8,96
C.9,84
D.10,64
n„^ = ' =
0,03mol
.nHci
= 0,3.1 = 0,3 mol
Taco:
2H^ > Hg
0,06
87,5 ml B.125 ml
C.62,5
ml D.175 ml
Hii&ng
dan
gidi
-4
chat
rin la
Fe203
nFe,03
=Y|^=
0,01875
mol
So do hop thufc: 2Fe
Fe203
0,0375
<-
0,01875
=>
mo,ox,t)
= 2,8 -
(0,0375.56)
= 0,7 gam
no,oxit)=^-0,04375mol
2H^
+ O'- > H2O
0,0875
<-
0,04375
mkhi
= 5,4 - 2,49 = 2,91 gam (NO x mol va NO2 y mol).
1,456
Lap he:
x + y =
22,4
30x + 46y = 2,91
=
0,065
Fe -> Fe + 3e
a ^ 3a
NO3' + 3e ^ NO
0,015 <-
0,005
2-
X =
0,005
mol
y = 0,06 mol
O + 2e ^ O
b ^ 2b
NO3- + le ^ NO2
0,06 <- 0,06
56a + 16b = 5,4 , , ^ ,
Tac6:<^
=> {a = b =
0,075
mol
[3a-2b
= 0,06 + 0,015 ^
(CO. C. Ha. Al)
A.
LfTHUYET
I.
Phxftfng trinh phan i^ng
tong
quat:
Dieu kien: (M Id kim
lo<^i
diKng sau Al trong day di?n hod)
- Khi khuf oxit kim loai
bSng
cac
chat
khuf CO (H2) thi CO (H2) lay oxi
ctja oxit kim loai ra khoi oxit.
* Doi vdi trudng hop
chat
khuf la CO, H2 thi
Thuc
chat
phan
ufng khuf cac oxit tren la
CO +
0(trong
oxit) > CO2
H2 +
0(trong
oxit) > H2O
Nen ta luon c6:
dap dn C.
Bai
2: H6n hop A gom sSt va oxit sSt c6 khoi luofng 2,6 g . Cho khi CO di
qua A dun
nong,
khi di ra sau
phan
ufng
di/gfc
dan vao binh diing nirdfc voi
trong diT, thu
diTcfc
lOg ket tua trSng. Khoi Itfcfng sSt trong A la:
A. 1 g B. 1,1 g C. 1,2 g D. 2,1 g
Hi£&ng
ddn gidi
Ca(0H)2 + CO2 ->
CaCOsi
+ H2O
10
•
ncaco3
= ^00, = ^co = — = 0,1 mol
t •
J^odrongoxit)
= = n^o^ =0,1 mol
Khoi li/gfng sit trong h5n hap A la: mpe = 2,6 - 16 . 0,1 = 1 g.
Chon
dap an A.
Bai
Hitdng
d&n gidi
9
nodrong oxit) = = n„^o = = "^'^
niO (trong oxit) = 16 . 0,5 = 8g
m
kim io,i = 32 - 8 = 24 g
Chon
dap an C.
Bai 5: Cho khi CO qua ong diTng a (g) hon hop gom CuO,
Fe.304,
FeO,
AI2O3 nung
nong.
Khi thoat ra
duoc
cho vao niidc vol trong du thay c6
30g ket tua trang. Sau phan ufng, chat rSn trong ong suf c6 khoi luong
202g.
Khoi lirong a (g) cua hon hop cac oxit ban dau la:
A.
200,8g
B.
216,8g
C.
206,8g
D.
103,4g.
HU&ng
dan gidi
0,224
B.
FeaOg
va
0,448
C. Fe304 va
0,448
D. Fe304 va
0,224.
HiCdng
dan gidi
0,84
56
x 0,015 3
no(irongoxit)
= "^co = "co, = 0,02 mol) npe = -b^ = 0,015 (mol)
Fe.Oy:
- = ^^^^ = - X la Fe304
' y 0,02 4
V =
0,02.22,4
=
0,448
(lit)
Bai
7: Nung
nong
hon hop X gom PbO v^ FeO vdi mot luong C vijfa du.
Sau khi phan ufng xay ra
hoan
= n^hv = - 0,3 (mol)
lb
1
"co,
^no
=0,15(mol)
Pb + 2 HCl->
PbClz
+ H2
Fe + 2 HCl ^ Fe + H2
• n„^ =
n^hY
=0,3 (mol) ^ V,,^ =
0,3.22,4
= 6,72 (lit)
CO2
+ Ca(0H)2 ^ CaC03 + H2O
ncaco3
= nco, = 0,15 (mol) => mc^co, =
0,15.100
= 15(g)
Vay dap an diing la A.
Bai
8: Cho 0,3 mol Fe^Oy tham gia phan ufng nhiet nhom thay tao ra 0,4
mol AI2O3.
Cong
thufc oxit ski la:
A. FeO B. Fe203 C. Fe304
D. Khong xac dinh diTOc vi khong cho biet so mol Fe tao ra.
Hiidng
ddn giai
Ca(0H)2
+ CO2 ^
CaCOai
+ H2O
2 24
natrong
oxit) = nco = n^o^ =
n^^co^
= -2 = 0,2 mol
mc,co3 =
100-0.2
= 20g
Chon
dap An B.
Bai
10: De
khijT
hoan
toan h6n hop FeO va ZnO thanh
kirn
loai can 2,24
ht
H2 (ot dktc).Neu dem hon hop kim loai thu
di/ac
hoa tan
hoan
toan
vao axit HCl thi the tich khi H2 (dktc) thu
dUcJc
toan thu
dugfc
2,32 g hon hop kim loai. Khi thoat ra
duac
dua vao binh dung dung
dich
Ca(0H)2
du thay c6 5g ket tua
tring.
Khoi lugfng h5n hap hai
oxit kim loai ban dau la:
A. 3,12g B. 3,21g C. 4g D. 4,2g
Hii&ng
dan giai
nO(trong oxit) = Hco = HCQ^ ^
"caCOa
=
0,05(mol)
moxitkimio^i = nikim io,i + m oxi = 2,32 +
0,05.16
= 3,12 (g)
Chon
dap dn A.
Bai
12: Khuf
39,2g
mot hon hop A gom
FegOa
va FeO b&ng khi CO thu
duoc
= 32 (g);
Hon hgp B + H2SO4: FeO + H2SO4 FeS04 + H2O
Fe + H2SO4 ^ FeS04 + H2
n„^so^
=0,2.2,5
= 0,5 (mol);
Ap dung DLBTNT Fe trong hai hon hgp A va B ta c6:
160x + 72y = 39,2
"2x + y = 0,5
x = 0,2
,y = o,i
mp^o
=
0,1.72
= 7,2 (g).
Vay dap an dung la A.
Bai
13: De khuf
hoan
toan 45 gam hon hgp gom CuO, FeO, Fe304, Fe va
MgO can dung vCra du 8,4 lit CO d (dktc). Khoi lugng
chat
rin thu
dugc
sau phan u"ng la:
A. 39g B. 38g C. 24g D. 42g
Hii&ng
ddn giai
Khoi
lugng
5 6
Khoi
liiang
chat ran sau phan ufng la: 30 - 16-^^ = 26 gam
Chon dap an B.
Bai
16: Dan tCf t\i V lit khi CO (6 dktc) di qua mot ong sil
difng lUdng
dii
hon hop ran gom CuO,
FezOs
(d nhiet do cao). Sau khi cac phan ufng
xay ra hoan toan, thu
duoc
khi X. Din toan bo khi X d
tren
vao
lUOng
diT
dung
dich Ca(0H)2 thi tao thanh 4 gam ket tua. Gia tri cua V la
A. 1,120
lit.
B.
0,896
lit.
C.
0,448
lit.
D.
ZnO, FeO va CaO thi thu
difcfc
28,7 gam hon hgp chat ran (Y).
Cho toan bo h6n hop chat ran (Y) tac dung vdi dung dich HCl dif thu
duoc
V lit H2 (dkc). Gia tri V la
A. 5.60
lit.
B. 4,48
lit.
C. 6,72
lit.
D. 2,24 lit.
Hii&ng
dan gidi
Khoi
luong nguyen tuf oxi = do giam cua chat r^n
m
= 31,9 - 28,7 = 3,2 g
3 2
So mol nguyen tuf O = ^ = 0,2 mol= so mol CO
16
CO
CO2 + 2e
(ZnO + 2e ^ Zn ^ Zn^* + 2e
FeO
+ 2e -> Fe ^
Fe^*
+ 2e)
2W + 2e -> H2
A. 2gam;
18gam
B. 4gam;
16gam
C. 6gam;
14gam
D. 8gam; 12gam.
Bai
3: Cho luong khi CO (du) di qua 9,1 gam hon hop gom CuO va AI2O3
nung
nong den khi phan ufng hoan toan, thu
dUdc
8,3 gam chat ran.
Khoi
luong CuO c6 trong hon hop ban dau la
A. 0,8 gam. B. 8,3 gam. C. 2,0 gam. D. 4,0 gam.
Dang 4: KIM LOAI TAG
DUNG
VOI
DUNG
DICH
MUOl
Ca'^ Na" Mg'^ Al'" Zn'* Cr'*
Fe^*
Ni'* Sn'* Pb'*
Fe^*
H* Cu'*
Fe'*
Ag* Au'*
__ •
C.
Fe(N03)3 D. AgNOa va Fe(N03)3
Hitcfng
dan gidi
"AgNo^ = 0.5-1 = 0,5 mol
Fe +
2AgN03
^ Fe(N03)2 + 2Ag
0.1 0.2 0.1 0.2
Fe(N03)2
+
AgNOa
Fe(N03)3
+ Ag
0,1 0,1
nAgNo,
= 0,5 - 0,3 = 0,2 mol dif
Vay muoi gom c6 Fe(N03)3 va AgNOs dii
Bai
2: (DH khoi B.2009): Cho 2,24 gam hot sSt vao 200 ml dung dich
chufa hon hop gom AgNOs 0,1M va Cu(N03)2 0,5M. Sau khi cac phan
ufng
xay ra hoan toan, thu
diTOc
dung dich X va m gam chat ran Y.
Gia tri ciia m la.
A.
2,80. B. 4,08. C. 2,16. D. 0,64.
Hiidng
dan gidi
+
2FeCl3
MgCl2
+
2FeCl2
0,06 -> 0,12 ^ 0,12
Mg
+
FeClz
^
MgCl2
+ Fe
0,06 0,06 <- 0,06 (mol)
m
= (0,06 +
0,06).24
= 2,88 (g). Chon dap an C.
Bai
4: (DH khoi A.2010): Cho 19,3 gam hon hop bot Zn va Cu c6 ti le mol
tuong
ijfng
la 1: 2 vao dung dich chufa 0,2 mol
Fe2(S04)3.
Sau khi cac phan
ufng
xay ra hoan toan, thu
duoc
m gam kim loai. Gia tri cua m la
A.
6,40g
0,3M va AgNOs 0,3M. Sau khi cac phan ufng xay ra
hoan
toan thi thu
dtfgc m2 gam
chat
rAn X. Neu cho m2 gam X tac dung vdi lugng du
dung dich HCl thi thu
duac
0,336
lit khi (d dktc). Gia tri cua mi va mg
Ian lUOt la
A.
8,10 va 5,43 B. 1,08 va 5,16
C. 0,54 va 5,16 D. 1,08 va 5,43.
Hi^&ng
dan
gidi
Theo
bai ra Al con
diX:
2A1 + 6HC1 ->
2AICI3
+
3H2
0,01 0,015
Al
Al^^
+ 3e Ag^ + le Ag Cu^^ + 2e ^ Cu
X 3x 0,03 0,03 0,03 0,03 0,06 0,03
Ap
diJng
trUdc AgVAg).
A.
64,8 B. 54,0 C. 59,4 D. 32,4
Hii&ng
dan
gidi
Al
+ 3Ag* ^ Al'^ + 3Ag
0,1 0,3 0,3 mol
Sau phan ufng vdi Al, Ag* c6n 0,55 - 0,3 = 0,25 mol dung phan ufng
vdi
Fe
Fe + 2Ag^ Fe^* + 2Ag
0,1 ^ 0,2 ^ 0,1 ^ 0,2
Dir
Ag^= 0,25 - 0,2 = 0,05 mol
Fe'" + Ag" ^ Fe^* + Ag
0,05 -> 0,05
Sau cac phan
ilng
chat
ran la Ag c6 so mol 0,3 + 0,2 + 0,05 = 0,55 mol.
Khoi
liigfng Ag =
0,55.108
= 59,4 gam
Chon dap an C.
Bai 7: Nhiing mot thanh kem va mot thanh sat vao cung mot dung dich
CUSO4.
CUSO4
ZnS04
+ Cui
2,5x 2,5x 2,5x 2,5x
Fe +
CUSO4
-^FeS04
+ Cui
X <— X <— x —> X
Do giam khoi lagfng cua dung dich la:
Am
=
mcu
(Mm)
- nizn
(tan)
"
"IPe
(tan)
o 2,2 =
64(2,5x
+ x)
-65.2,5x-
56x
Ax
= 0,4 (mol)
Vay mcu b^m len tiianh Zn = 64g; mcu bAm len
thanh
Fe =
25,6g.
Amtang
= 0,52 (g)
Vi
cung mot thanh graphit tham gia phan
iJng
nen:
_a2^ = _M2_^M = 112
M-64 216-M
Vay dap an
diing
la B: Cd.
Bai 9: Ngam mot thanh Cu trong dung dich c6
chiJa
0,04 mol AgNOa,
sau mot
thdi
gian lay thanh kim loai ra thay khoi
li/dng
tSng
hdn so
vdfi
luc dau la 2,28 gam. Coi toan bo kim loai sinh ra deu bam het vao
thanh Cu. So mol AgNOs con lai trong dung dich la
A.
0,01. B.
0,005.
C. 0,02. D.
0,015.
HUdng
dan
HiCctng
dan
giai
340.6
,
HAgNO,
(ban dSu, = ^^Q^QQ = 0.1^ mol;
25
nA.NO3<«=0,12.—
=0,03
mol.
Cu +
2AgN03
>
Cu(N03)2
+ 2Agi
0,015 <- 0,03 ^ 0,03 mol
nivat sau phan ilng = ^v&t ban diu + (b^m) ~ (tan)
= 15 +
(108.0,03)
-
(64.0,015)
= 17,28 gam.
Chon dap an C.
Bai 11: Hoa tan 3,23 gam hon hgtp gom
CuCl2
va
Cu(N03)2
vao niTdc
difcfc dung dich X. Nhung thanh kim loai Mg vao dung dich X den khi
Chon dap an C.
Bai 12: Ngii6i ta phu mot Idp bac tren mot vat b^ng dong c6 khoi lifOng
8,48 gam
bSng
each
ngam
vat do trong dung dich AgNOa. Sau mot
th6i gian \zy vat do ra khoi dung dich, rufa nhe, lam kho can
dufeJc
10
gam. Khoi luong Ag da phu tren be mSt cua vat la
A
.1,52 gam. B .2,16 gam. C. 1,08 gam. D. 3,2 gam.
Hii&ng
dan gidi
Cu +
2AgN03
-> Cu(N03)2 + 2Ag
X
2x 2x
Ta c6:
108.2x
- 64x = 10 - 8,48
X
= 0,01 mol
mAg
=
0,01.2.108
= 2,16 gam
Chon
y
y
Vi
m hon hop r^n dau b^ng m hon hdp r^n sau
Nen: 64x + 64y = 65x + 56y <=> x = 8y
% Zn = —^^-^y .100% =
90,27%
65.8y
+ 56y
Chon
dap An A.
Bai
14: Cho 1,12 gam bot Fe vh 0,24 gam bot Mg tac dung vdi 250 ml
dung dich CUSO4 xM, khuay nhe cho den khi dung dich mat mau
xanh nhan thay khoi liicfng kim loai sau phan ufng la 1,88 gam. Gia
tri
cua x la
A.
0,04M.
B.
0,06M.
C. O.IM. D.
0,025M.
Hii&ng
ddn gidi
nikim
io,i sau phan ling = 1,88 - 1,12 - 0,24 = 0,52 gam
=> Am
=0,01.(64-24)
= 0,4 gam
TOM TAT LI THUYET
1. Vi tri trong bang tuan hoan, cau hinh electron
Kim
loai kiem gom:
Liti
(Li),
Natri
(Na),
Kali
(K), Rubidi (Rb),
Xesi
(Cs), Franxi (Fr).
Thuoc
nhom lA
Cau
hinh electron: Li (Z=3) ls'2s* hay [He]2si
Na (Z=ll)
ls'2s'2p'3s*
hay
[Ne]3s'
K
(Z=19)
Is22s22p^3s^3p^4s' hay [Ar]4s'
Deu
CO
1
electron
d Idp
ngoai
cung
hidroxit cua
chung.
Thi
du: dieu che Na b^ng
each
dien phan
n6ng
chay
NaCl NaOH
PTDP:
2NaCl
—^^^^^
2Na + CI2
4NaOH ) 4Na + 2H2O + O2
B. MQT SO HOP
CHAT
QUAN
TRQNG
CUA KIM
LOAI
KIEM:
I.
Natri
hidroxit
- NaOH
+
Tac dung vdi axit: tao muoi va niTdc
Thi
du: NaOH + HCl ^ NaCl + H2O
+
2NaHC03
—^
Na2C03
+ COot + H2O
2. Tinh
litofng
tinh:
+
Tac dung vdi axit:
NaHCOs
+ HCl ^ NaCl + C02t + H2O
+
Tac dung vdi dung dich bazd: ?
NaHCOa + NaOH ^ Na2C03 + H2O
III.
Natri
cacbonat
- Na2C03 •*
+
Tac dung
vdi
dung
dich
axit manh:
Thi
du:
Na2C03
+ 2HC1 ^
2NaCl
+ CO2T + H2O
dung
hai pt sau
CO2 + OH- ^ HCO3-
CO2 + 2
OH"
^ CO3'- + H2O
Ta can lap t
le
^NaOH
San phani
< 1
= 1
1 <2
= 2
> 2
• NaHCOa
• CO2 du
• NaHCOa
• NaHCOa
• NaaCOa
• NajCOi
• NajCOa
• NaOH dir
BAI TAP VAN
DUNG
Bai 1: Sue 2,24 lit khi CO2 vao
100ml
dung dich NaOH IM,
tinh
khoi
Hii&ng
dan
gidi
2NaOH+
SO2 ->
NazSOg
0,4 0,2 0,2
m
muoi
=
0,2.126
= 25,2 gam
Chon dap an D.
Bai
3: DSn 10 lit h5n hap khi gom N2 va Cd2 do or dktc sue vao 2 lit
dung dich Ca(OH)2 0,02M thu difgrc Ig ket tua.Tinh phan
tram
theo
the
tich
CO2 trong h5n hap khi.
A.2,24% va
15,68%
B. 2,24%
C.
15,68%
D. 2,24% va
7,84%.
Hitcfng
ddn giai
9,5gam
B. 13,5g C. 12,6g D. 18,3g
HU&ng
dan gidi
nwaOH
=
n^^.
= n^„_ -
0,5.0,2
= 0,1 mol
nKOH
= n^, =
n^j,,
=
0,5.0,2
= 0,1 mol
Zn^^.
= 0,1 + 0,1 = 0,2 mol
SO2
+ 0H >
HSO3
XXX
SO2
+ 20H ^ S0^-+ H2O
y 2y y
x + y = 0,15 fx = 0,1
"x + 2y = 0,2 |y = 0,05
Theo
dinh
luat
D.55,16g
Hiidng
dan gidi
"N^OH =
Hj^^,
= n^,,^ = 0,38 mol "^n^iom, = n^^^, =0,1 mol
En^j^.
= 0,38 + 0,2 = 0,58 mol nco, = - 0,3 mol
22,4
CO2
+ OH-
HCO3-
XXX
CO2
+ 20H- ->
CO3'-
+ H2O
y 2y y
Ta c6:
x + y = 0,3 fx = 0,02
x + 2y = 0,58 [y = 0,28
Ba'" + CO^- BaCOsi
0,1 0,28 0,1
Khoi
lirang
ket tua la:
mB^cOj
=
0,1.197
= 19,7 gam
rx + y-0,2 fx = 0,1
Ta c6: < => <
x + 2y = 0,3 ,.y = 0,l
V4y
-mN,HC03
=
0.1-84
= 8,4 gam
mNa,co,
-
0,1.106
= 10,6 gam
Chon
dap an A.
D.
DANG
TOAN
CO2
(HOAC
SO2) VAO
DUNG
DjCH
Ca(0H)2
hogc
Ba(0H)2.
KIM
LOAI
PHAN
NHOM
CHINH
Tinh
chdt
vat li
- Nhiet do
nong
chay
nhiet do soi
thap
- La kim loai mem (mem hon
nhom)
- Khoi
li/Ong
rieng tiidng doi nho
2.
Tinh
chat
hoa hoc
Cac
nguyen
to
phan
nhom
chinh
nhom
II c6:
- 2
electron
hoa tri (s^)
- Co ban kinh
nguyen
vai
axit
_ De dang
khilf
ion trong dung dich axit (HCl,
H2SO4
loang) thanh
H2 t\i do.
M
+
H2SO4
MSO4
+ Hzt
M
+ 2H^ M^* + H2t
- Doi vdi axit c6 tinh oxi hod manh nhiT
HNOs,
H2SO4.
->
N"'(N02),
N*^(NO),
N-^(NH4N03)
S^*^ ^
S^'(S02),
S-=^(H2S),
S°(S).
4M +
IOHNO3
4M(N03)2
+
^
MgS04
+ Cui
- Cac kim loai con lai tac dung vdi H2O trong dung dich
3.
Dieu
che
Dien
phan nong chay muoi halogenua cua chiing
MX2 Jig" phan n6ng chay ^ M + X2
X:
halogen
MQT SO HOP
CHAT
QUAN
TRONG
CUA
CANXI
1.
Canxi
oxit:
CaO
Caxi
oxit la oxit baza
- Tac dung manh liet vdi H2O tao baza
CaO
+ H2O ^
Ca(0H)2
- Tac dung vdi nhieu axit tao muoi tuang ufng
CaO
^ Ca(HC03)2
,
CaCOH),
1 ^
Neu ti le mol < — tao muoi axit
CO2 2 •
Neu ti le mol
^^^^^^2
< ^ ^.^Q
jjjy5'j
trung
tinh
CO2
Neu ti le mol 9^^^k trong khoang i < ^^^^^ < 1 tao
d6ng
CO2 2
thdi
2 muoi
- Tac dung vdi dung dich muoi
Ca(0H)2
+ NaaCOs
CaCOai
+ 2NaOH
Ca'^
+ CO^- ^
CaCOai
3.
Canxi cacbonat CaCOa
Canxi
cacbonat la chat rSn mau trang khong tan trong H2O
Nifofc
ciJtng
1. Nx^oTc
cufng
Nadc
curng
la nUdc c6
chura
nhieu ion Ca^*, Mg^*. Nifdc khong chiJa
hoSc
chura
it nhOfng ion tren, goi la niTdc mem.
2.
Phan loai
nvCdc
cufng
Nude
curng
chia thanh 3 loai
1. Nifde ciJng tarn
thdi:
la nirdc curng c6
chura
ion
HCO3"
2.
NiXdc
curng
vinh
cijfu:
Phuang phap hod hoc
* Doi vdi ntrdc cufng tam
thdi.
Dun nong trUdc khi dung
Ca(HC0a)2
—^
CaCOai
+ H2O +
C02t
Loc bo chat khong tan, dirge nifdc mem
- Dung
Ca(0H)2
vto du de trung hoa
Ca(HC03)2
+
Ca(0H)2
2CaC0ai
+
2H2O
Loc bo chat khong tan dtrgc nude mem
* Doi vdi nude cufng vinh cufu va ni/dc cufng toan phan
Dung dung dich
Na2C0a,
Na3P04
CaS04
+
Na2C03
-> CaC03i +
Na2S04
Ca(HC03)2
va
Mg^*
the vao do la
ion Na\a duoc nude mem.
D^ng
bai tap
CO2
vao
dung dich Ca(OH)2 hoqc Ba(OH)2
thi:
Dang
1:
Biet
nc^o,,,,^
.ncaco,
"co,
^Ca(0H)2
THI
:
n^^o^
-
nc^co^
TH2
:
n^o^
-
2.nc^,o„)^
-''^c^co^
Dang
2:
ric^co,
=^
^CMOMU
BAI TAP VAN
DUNG
Bai
1.
Hap thu toan
bo x
mol
CO2
vho
dung
dich
chiJa 0,03
mol Ca(0H)2
diroc
2
gam
ket
tua.
gia
tri
x?
A.
0,02
mol
va 0,04
mol
B. 0,02
= 2.0,03 - 0,02 = 0,04
mol
Chon
dap
an A.
Bai
2: (DH A - 2008):
Hap thu hoan toan
4,48
lit khi
CO2
(d
dktc)
vao
500
ml
dung
dich
hon hop gom
NaOH
0,1M
va
Ba(0H)2 0,2M,
sinh
ra
m
gam
ket
tua.
Gia
y
2y y
x
+ y = 0,2
rx
= 0,15
"x
+ 2y = 0,25 [y = 0,05
Ba'"
+
CO3'-
^
BaCOai
0,1
0,05 0,05
Khoi
laong
ket
tua
la:
ra^^co,
=0,05 .197 = 9,85 gam
Chon
dap
an C.
Bai
3: (BH A - 2009): Cho 0,448 lit
khi
CO2
(d
nQ„_
=0,006
mol;
HB^IOH),
=
n^^,,
=
0,012mol
In^jj
=0,006 +
0,012.2
= 0,03
mol;
nco, = =
0,02mol
C02 + Off ^ HCO3"
XXX
CO2 + 20H- -> COa^" + H2O
y 2y y
x + y = 0,02 fx = 0,01
' x + 2y = 0,03 ^ [y = 0,01
Ba^^
+ CO^- BaCOai
0,012 0,01 0,01
Khoi
laang ket tua la:
mg^co,
=0,01 .197 = 1,97 gam
Chon dap an C.
Bai
ling
duac
lOg ket tua. Gia tri cua V bSng:
A.
2,24 lit B. 3,36 lit C. 4,48 lit D. Ca A, C deu dung
Hildng
d&n gidi
TriCang
hap 1: n^o^ = nkettoa = 0,1 mol
Vco = 0,1 .22,4 = 2,24 lit
TriCdng
hap 2: n^^^ =
2nb,,o
- ntettua =
2.0,15
- 0,1 = 0,2 mol
Vco, =
0,2.22,4
= 4,48 lit
Chon dap an D.
Bai
6: Thoi V lit (dktc) CO2 vao 100 ml dung dich Ca(0H)2 IM, thu diroc
6 gam ket
tiia.
Loc bo ket tua lay dung dich thu
ducfc
dun nong lai c6
4gam ket
tiia
nufa. Gia tri V la:
C. Giam 16,8gam D Giam
6,8gam.
Hii&ng
dan gidi
Be
tinh khoi lixang chat sau phan i2ng tang hay giam a lay khoi liigng
vao trie khoi lilgng ra khdi dung dich niu > 0 la tang n^u < 0 la giam
Ta c6: n^o^ >
n^^^Q^^^^
nen chi xay ra TH2
J^COj
- 2nbaza ~ ^kgt
tua
nc,co,
=
2nc„oH,,
- ^co, =
2.0,25
- 0,3 = 0,2mol
Am
= mco, - ixic^co, =
0,3.44
-
0,2.100
= -6,8 gam
Chon dap an D.
Bai
8: Cho 5,6 ht hon hdp X gom Ng va CO2 (dktc) di cham qua 5 Kt
dung dich
Ca(0H)2
31,2 =^ d,/,,=^ = 15,6
n
KOH
- - ^on-
0,25 ' "'"^ 2
Khac dap an loai
Truang
hap 2: n^^^ =
2nb^,„
-
nkeuaa
= 2.0,1 - 0,05 = 0,15 mol
j^>,15.44.0,1.28
^ =3^ = 18,8
0,25 ""'"^ 2
Chon dap an A.
Bai
9: Sue CO2 vao 200 ml h5n hgfp dung dich gom KOH IM va Ba(0H)2
0,75M.
Sau khi khi hi hap thu hoan toan thay tao 23,6 gam ket tua.
Tinh
Vco^ da dung d (dktc).
A.
8,512 lit B.
2,688
lit C. 2,24 lit D. Ca A va B dung
HU&ng
dan gidi
=
0,2 mol;
= 8,512 lit
Chon dap an D.
In,,,,.
=0,2 +
0,15.2
= 0,5 mol;
197
=
0,12mol
ai
10: Sue 4,48 ht (dktc) CO2 vao 100ml hon hop dung dich gom KOH
IM
va Ba(OH)2 0,75M. Sau khi khi hi hap thu hoan toan thay tao m
gam ket tua.
Tinh
m.
A.
23,64g
B.
14,775g
C.
9,85g
D.
16,745g
Giai
tiicfng
tii
bai
tren
Bai
CO2T
(1)
Y2(C03)3
+ 6HC1
2YCI3
+
3H2O
+3CO2T (2)
Cach
tinh
nhanh dung cho
tr&c
nghiem.
Theo
2 phuong
trinh
(1),(2) ta thay
ncf = 2n^^,_ (ma M^,. = 35,5;
M^^,.
= 60)
•^muo'i
clorua
~ ^ hh
rauoi
cacbonat -'^cOo
.(71-60)
Muoi
cacbonat
tac dung vdi dung dich
H2SO4
0,4481
CO2 (dktc). Khoi liicfng muoi clorua tao ra
trong
dung dich la:
A.
115,22g
B.151,22g
C.
116,22g
D.
161,22g
HUcfng
dan gidi
Cach
giai 1:
ACI2
+ H^O + CO2 t
>
2BC1 + H2O + CO2 t
R2CO,
+ 2HC1 ^ 2RC1 + H.,0 + CO, t
ACO3
+ 2HC1 -
B2CO3
+ 2HC1
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