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THANH TOAN
NGUYEN
NGOC OANH
KYTHUATMdfl
GIAINHANHBAITAP
HOA HOC
I
I
114 4
4
i
i i
4
'
wo'c
lOnil ,
f
B
TAP
2
HOA HOC
VO CO
^
^ -
Tuyen chon
cac
ky thuat
giai

HOC
V6 CO
-
Tuyen chpn cac
ky
thuat
giai
nhanh ve
7 chuyen de hoa v6 ca
-
Danh cho hoc sinh Idp 10,11,12 va
luyen
thi
DH - CD
NHA XUAT
BAN DAI
HOC QUOC GIA
HA NOI
L6INOIDAU
Cac
ban
ddng
nghidp
va cac em hoc
sinh than
m6'n!
Trdn
CO
so
phan tfch

gidi nhanh
bai tap Hod hoc"
Cu6'n sach
mof ra m6t co h6i cho
giao vian
va cac em hoc
sinh nhin
nhan
lai mot
each
sau sac va
toan dien
cac da thi
tuyan sinh
DH - CD ki tii
khi
ap
dung hinh thiJc
thi
trac nghiem, tilr
do
giao vian
c6
dinh hirdng dung
dan
cho cac em hoc
sinh
va
miic
do

ki
nang giai nhanh
cac
dang
bai
tap
trong
di
thi
tuyen sinh
DH - CD.
Cuon sach
se la
nguori
ban
d6ng
hanh than thia't vdri
cac em hoc
sinh trong
qua
trinh chinh phuc nhiing dinh
cao vinh quang ciia
tri
thiic; cuon sach
se la tai
lieu
qui cho cac ban
d6ng
nghiep trong
qua

xin
tran trong giai thieu
toi Quy doc gid vd xin
long
nghe moi y kien ddng
gop de
cuon sach ngdy cdng hay hon,
bo
ich
hon.
Thu xin
gtH
ve:
Cty TNHH
Mot
thanh vien
-
Dich
Vu Van Hoa
Khang Viet.
71-
Dinh Tien Hoang, Fhuimg Dakao, Quan
1,
TP
HCM.
Tel:
(08)
39115694
-
39111969

T6
HALOGEN
Flo Qo Brom lot
(F) (CI) (Br) (I)
ca'u
hmh electron 16p
ngoai
Cling
2s^2p'
3s^3p'
4s'4p' 5s^-5p'
Ban kinh
nguyan tif
0,64A°
0,99A°
1,14A°
1,33A°
D6 am
dien 3,98. 3,16 2,96 2,66
Ai lire electron
3,58
eV.
3,81
eV
3,56
eV
3,29
eV
Nang lugmg
ion hoa

Mau
sac
luc nhat vang
luc
do
nau
den
tim
Mui rat
d6c
Xoc hdi
kh6ng
miJi
Ham
iKong
(% s6'
nguydn
tir)
0,02
0,02
3.10-*
4.10-'
II.
TINH
CHAT
HOA HOC CUA DON
CHAT
F2
Br,
I2

Phan umg toa
nhiet It hon clo.
-
Tac
dung
vdri
kim loai cf
nhiet d6 cao
hoac cin xiic
tac.
Vdikim
loai
2E
+ nX, >
2EX„
Vdfi
hidro
(H2)
Phan
ling nS
manh
ngay
b -
ZSZ^C,
trong
bong
t6'i.
Phan
ihig nS
khi

0
-1 +1
X2
+ H2O HX + HXO
Phan
ling kho dSn
tiir
CI,
d6'n I,
Vdi
dung
dich
ki^m
2F,+
2NaOH„„,„3,
->2NaF
+
OF.+ao
CI,
+
2K0H
->KC1 +
KCIO
+ H2O
3a, + 6K0H
5KC1
+ KCIO3
+3H2O
3X,
+

+2KBr
^2Naa
+
Br,
Khu
duoc
r
trong
dung
dich:
Br,
+2NaI
2NaBr +1,
Kh6ng
Phan
ling.
Chi
the'
hien
tfnh
khijr
Kh6ng
CO
Br,
+5a, + 6H,0
->2HBr03
+
lOHQ
i,
+ 5a,+

2X"
> X2 + 2e
F2
CI,
Br,
I2
Trong
phong
thi
nghiem.
Kh6ng dilu che'
Cho
dung
djch HX dSc tac
dung
vdi chat oxi hoa
(MnO,,
PbOj,
KCIO3,
KMn04, ):
4HX + MnO, X, + MnXj +
2H2O
Trong
c6ng
nghiep.
Dien
phan nong
chay
(lOfC)
h6n

Rong bi^n kh6
-^tro
—^^^'^
>
dung
djch c6 Nal.
2NaI +
CI,
I2
+ 2NaCl
1, Trong
phong
thi nghiem:
4HX<d)
+ MnO,
.0
•
* MnX, + X2 + 2H,0
16HX(,, + 2KMn04 > 2KX + 2MnX2 + X, + SH^O
6HX<a) +
KCIO3
->
KCl
+ 3X, + 3H2O
.0
2NaX + MnO, +
2H,S04(d)
-i-^
X2 +
MnS04

IV.
CAC HIDRO HALOGENUA VA
AXIT
HALOGENHIDRIC
(HX)
Nhidt
d6 s6i
(°C)
D6 tan trong
1 lit
nude
(bOPC)
HF
19,5
Tan v6 han
HCl
-85,1
500
lit
HBr
4-66,8
600 lit
HI
-35,4
425 lit
Tinh
axit
cua dd HX
Yiru
Manh

Kh6ng
phan
ung.
4HC1,„
+ 0,(,,
CU
+2Hfi
4HX<,„)
+ O,
(kk)
-> 2X2 + 2H2O
Tac dung
v6i
H2SO4
dac
Kh6ng
phan
ling.
2HBr
+
H2SO4
-> Br2 +
SO2+
2H2O
SHI +
H2SO4
41,
+ H,S
+
4ao

PX3
+ 3H2O
^3HX
+H3PO3
Thuc
te:
3X2 + 2P +
6H2O
—^>
6HX
+
2H3PO,
V.
MUOI
HALOGENUA
Mu6'i
florua
Mu6'i
clorua
(CD
Mu6'i
bromua
(Br)
Mu6'i
iotua
(D
Ti'nh
tan
-
D6u tan

ling
vori
halogen
Kh6ng xay
ra.
F2 + 2C1 („6ngchdy)
-> 02 + 2F
CI2
+ 2Br-,,,,
^ Br2
+ 20"
CI,
+
2r„„
->
I2
+ 2a-
Br2
+ 2r„d)
->
I,
+ 2Br
Phan
iJng vod
H,S04
dac
CaF2
+
HiSOiij)
250^

2NaBr„y +
H2SO4,,)
->
Br,
+ SO, +
HJO
+
Na2S04
SKI
+
5H2S04,a,
4I2
+ HjS +
4K2Sb4
+ 4H,0
Phan
ling
vdd
Khong xay ra
Khdng xay ra Kh6ng xay ra
2FeCl3
4 2KI
2Fea,
+1,
+
2KC1
Phan
iJng voi
O3
'Kh6ng xay

bi^n)
Nal
(rong bi^n)
Nhan
biet
(bang
AgN03)
Kh6ng xay
ra.
Ag^
+ cr
->Aga>l
trdng
Ag^
+ Br-
AgBri
vang
nhat
Ag*
+
I"
Agli
vang
7
VI.
HOP CHAT C6 OXI CUA HALOGEN
Nudrc
Javen
Clorua vol
Muoi

-jf^ CaOCl,
+ H2O
* 3C1, + 6KOH —^
5KC1 + KQOj + 3H,0
* Di6n phan dung dich
KCl
25%anhia
d6
70°C - 75°C.
* 6C1, + 6Ca(OH),
—->
Ca(C103),
+ 5CaCl, + 6H,0
Ca(C103)2
+ 2KC1
2KC103i
+Caa2
Tinh
chat
- Tinh oxi hoa
manh:
4NaaO
+ PbS ->
PbS04
+ 4NaCl
- La mu6'i ciia ax
it
ra't y€u:
Nacio + CO, + ao
-^HClO

- Tiy trSng soi, vai,
gia'y.
- T^y u6' chu6ng
trai,
c6'ng
ranh, h6'
rac.
-
XiJr
ly
chat
d6c,
tinh
che' dSu mo.
- Thudc n6,
ditm.
- Diiu che O, trong
phong thf nghidm.
B. CAC DANG BAI TAP TRONG DE THI TUYJ^N SINH DH - CD
Dang
1: Xdc
dinh
chat
(halogen,
muoi
halogenua,
kim
loqi)
1.
Li thuyet van dung va phuomg phap giai:

n^
(cho)-
s6' mol electron do toan bo luong
chat
A nhircJng. \
+ Dua vao cac dir
ki^n
bai ra cho, xac
dinh
diroc cac dai lirong m^, k, n^fcho)-
+ Tinh gia tri M^.
+ Tir phan tir khoi xac
dinh
duoc cha^ cin tim. f
Phirong phap trung binh: C6ng thiic
tinh
nguyfin tir kh6'i trung bmh ciia hai
— m
kim
loai
lidn
tife'p trong ciing mot nhom A: M =
hh
^hh
It.
+ Tinh cac luong
chat
da cho trong bai ra.
+ Viet phuong
trinh

oxi hoa).
Nccho.
N,
„hj„
\in luot la s6' electron m6t nguyen
tur
chat
khir nhuomg, m6t nguyen
tijr
chat
oxi hoa nhan.
+ Viet cac qua
trinh
oxi hoa, qua
trinh
khir (kh6ng cin vie't phuong
trinh
phan
ling
oxi hoa -
khir).
+ Dat in, dua vao djnh luat bao to^n electron lap duoc phuong
trinh
dai s6'.
Giai
he phuong
trinh,
xac
dinh
duoc M =>

2FeCl3
Fe + 2HC1 -> FeQ, + H,
- Cac dung dich mudi halogenua nhu mu6'i clorua, bromua, iotua d^u tac dung voi
AgNOj,
con muoi florua khong tac dung
duoc
voi dung djch
AgNO,:
. NaF +
AgNOj:
Khong xay ra
NaCl
+
AgNOj
Agai
+
NaNOj
NaBr
+
AgNOj
^ AgBri +
NaNO,
Nal +
AgNO,
Agll +
NaNO,
Vi
vay cac bai tap h6n hop mu6'i halogenua tac dung vdri dung dich
AgNOj
tao

Thidu 2: Cho dung djch chiJa 6,03 gam hdn hop g6m hai mudi NaX, NaY (X, Y
la
hai nguyen to c6 trong tu nhien, d hai chu ki lien tiep thu6c nhom
VIIA,
sd
hieu
nguyen tir < Zy) vao dung dich
AgNOj
(du), thu
duoc
8,61 gam ke't
tua.
PhSn
tram
khdi
luong ciia NaX trong hdn hop ban ddu la
A. 47,2%. B. 52,8%. C. 58,2%. D.41,8%.
(Trich De thi tuyen
sinh
Dai hoc khoi B)
Hu&ng ddn gidi
Trudmg hcrp 1: Hai mudi NaX va NaY d^u tao ke't
tiia
vdfi
AgNO,.
Dat
cong
thiic chung ciia 2 mudi la NaX:
NaX +
AgNOj

Thi du 3: Hoa tan hoan toan
6,645
gam hdn hop mudi clorua ciia hai kim loai
ki^m
thudc hai chu ky ke' tiep nhau vao nude
duoc
dung dich X. Cho toan bo
dung djch X tac dung hoan toan vdi dung dich
AgNOj
(du), thu
duoc
18,655
gam ke't
tiia.
Hai kim loai ki6m tren la
A.
RbvaCs
B.
NavaK
C. K va Rb D. Li va Na
(Trich de tuyen
sinh
Cao dang - Khoi A)
Hu&ng ddn gidi
K6t
tiia
la
AgCl:
sd mol
AgCl

c6 hoa trj
II)
va
oxit
cua no
cdn
viira
dii
400
ml dung dich HCl IM. Kim loai
R la
A.
Mg
B. Be C. Ba D. Ca
(Trich de tuyen sinh Cao
dang
khoi A)
Hudng dan
gidi
Theobaira:
HHCI
=0.4.1
=0,4(mol)
Oxit
ciia
kim loai
R la RO (R c6 hoa
tri II).
Ki
hifiu

kim
loai
R la
Mg.
Dap
an
diing
la
Thi
du 5: Cho 1,9 gam h6n hop
mu6'i
cacbonat
va
hidrocacbonat
cua
kim loai
ki^m
M tac
dung
he't v6i
dung dich HCl (du), sinh
ra 0,448 1ft
khi (0 dktc).
Kim
loai
M la
A.Na.
B. K. CRb. D.Li.
(Trich De thi tuyen sinh Dai hoc khoi
B)

vdfi
dung dich HCl
duoc
mu6'i
Y.
Ndu
cho
kim loai
M tac
dung vdi dung
dich mu6'i
X ta
cung
duoc
mu6'i
Y.
Kim loai
M c6
th^
la
A.
Fe. B.Al. CMg.
D. Zn.
(Trich De thi tuyen sinh Cao
dang
khoi A)
Hu&ng ddn
gidi
Trong
cac

nhom IIA).
Cho
1,7
gam
h6n
hop g6m kim loai
X va
Zn
tac
dung vdi luong du dung dich HCl,
sinh
ra 0,672 lit
khi
Hj (d
dktc).
Mat
khac,
khi
cho 1,9 gam X tac
dung
v6i
luong du dung djch H^SO^ loang, thi
thi
tich khi hidro sinh
ra
chua
d€n 1,12
lit
(0 dktc). Kim loai
X la

Mz„
= 65 > 56,67 => Mx < 56,67 (1)
PTHH:
X +
H,S04
(loang)
>
XSO4
+ H^
Ux
< 0,05
(mol)
n^^^<
0,05
(mol)
Suyra:
Mx> 1,9/0,05 = 38 (2)
Tilr(l,2)tac6:
38 < Mx < 56,67.
Trong
cac
kim loai nhom IIA chi
c6
kim loai
canxi
(M = 40)
thoa
man.
vay
X la Ca.

Kim loai
M la
A.Rb
B. Na C.Li D. K
Hu&ng ddn
gidi
S6
mol khi CO,:
nco^ =
IM =
o,4
(mol)
2 44
S6'
mol ke't
tua
AgCl: n^gci
= 100,45 /143,5 =
0,7(mol)
Goi X, y,
z
Idn luot
la s6'
mol M^COj,
MHCO3,
MCI trong
32,65
gam
X.
Bao toan

36,5
Vi
0 < x < 0,4 => M < 17,4 => M = 7(< 17,4). Vay kim loai ki^m la Li.
Dap an diing la C.
Thi dti 9: H6n horp X chira dong ihbi hai mu6'i
natri
cua hai
halogen
lien tife'p
trong bang tuSn hoan. La'y mot luorig X cho tac dung vira dii
\6'\0 ml dung
dich
AgNO,
IM thi thu
duoc
15 gam ket
tiia.
C6ng thiJc phan
tijf
ciia hai muoi
trong X la (cho F = 19; Q = 35,5; Br = 80; I = 127; Na = 23)
A. NaF va
NaCl
B.
NaBr
va Nal
C.
NaCl
va Nal D.
NaCl

la Q
(35,5)
va Br (80).
vay hai mu6'i trong X la
NaCl
va
NaBr.
Dap an dung la D.
Trucmg hop 2: Hai mu6'i la NaF va NaCl.
NaF4-AgNOj
-> kh6ng xay ra
NaCl
+
AgNOj
AgCl
i +
NaNOj
0,1 -> 0,1 mol
=>
"^Agca
=0.1.143,5=14,35(gam)
^1.5(gam)
loai tnrcmg hop nay.
Thi du 10: Cho 19 gam h6n hop b6t g6m kim loai M (hoa tri khdng d6i) va Zn
(ti
IS mol tirong umg 1,25 : 1) vac binh dirng 4,48 lit khi CI, (dktc), sau cac
phan ufng hoan toaii thu
duoc
h6n hop chat rSn X. Cho X tan h6't trong dung
dich

24
le
Ket luan
Loai Mg
Loai
Gia tri
phii
hop la n = 2 => M = 24 (Mg)
Dap an diing la C. • >
3. Cac bai tap tu luyen:
Cku
i: Kim loai nao sau day tac dung voi dung djch HCl loang va tac dung vdi khf
CI3
cho cung loai mu6'i clorua kim
loai?
A.Fe B.Zn C. Cu D. Ag
Hu&ng ddn gidi
Kim loai do la Zn:
Zn + 2HC1
>ZnCl2
+ H2
Zn + Cl2 >ZnCl2
Dap an diing la B. ' ^
Cha
v Phan ling ciia cac kim loai v6i khi CI, va axit HCl:
^5^_Fe
-i^^FeCl. + H,
_±£ll_
Cu -tHC^ Khdng xay ra '
-C!2_

gidi
Dat
CTHH
cua don chat halogen la X,
•
PTHH:
X2 +Mg
>MgX2
' . 'f%
a mol >
a
mol
3X2
+
2A1
>
2AIX3
a mol
>
2a/3
mol
Theobaira: a.(24 +
2X)
= 19
^.(27.3X)
= ,7,8
=,ll?itl^
=
JL
=,x=35.5

thu dirge mot kd't tua, ke't
tiia
nay sau
khi phan iJng hoan loan
cho 1,08
gam
bac. C6ng
thiic
ciia
mu6'i
A la
A.
NaF.
B.NaCl.
C. NaBr. D. Nal.
Hu&ng
ddn
gidi
I
no
Sd'molAg:
n^
=
—-0,0l(mol)
Dat mu6'i
natri halogenua la NaX.
PTHH:
NaX +
AgNOj
>

C&u
4:
Cho dung
djch
chura
6,79
gam h6n hop g6m
2
mu6i
KX, KY (X,
Y m 2
nguydn
t<5
c6
trong
tu
nhifin,
6
hai
chu ki
lifin
tie'p thu6c nhom
VIIA,
s6'
hidu
Zx
<
ZY)
vao dung
dich

(2) KY + AgNO, ^ AgY +
KNO3
S6 mol
h6n hop
KX,
KY
=
^'^^ ~ ^'^^ = 0,0264(mol)
108-39
^ ^
vay:
Mhh ^^
=
257,4(g/mol)=^Mx,y-218,4(g/mol)
' ;
0,0264
vay khdng
CO
X, Y phu hgp.
Trucmg
hop X
1^
F,
Y
la
CI:
AgF tan n6n chi c6
AgCl
kd't
tiia

X
g6m
3
muoi
halogenua
ciia
kim
loai
natri nang 6,23g
hoa
tan hoan toan trong nuoc dugc dung
dich
A.
Sue
khi clo du vao dung
dich
A
roi
c6
can
hoan toan dung
dich
sau
phan ung dugc 3,0525g
mu6'i
khan B. La'y m6t
nua lucmg
mu6'i
nay hoa tan vao nude r6i cho phan
ihig

A
chi
c6
NaCl->
n^aci =-^^ = 0,0522
mol '
58,5
*'*
NaCl
+
AgNO,
Agai + NaNO,
(1)
*
3
22875
Theo (1) -> n^^ci
=
"Aga
=
-2 =
0,045
mol < 0,0522 mol
t
Do
do,
mu6'i
khan B thu dugc ngoai
NaCl
con c6 NaF.

ciia
hai
mutfi
halogen c6n lai
1^:
NaY
2NaY
+ a2->2NaCl + Y2 (2)
Theo(2)->n^^Y
=nNaa
=0.045
(mol)
>
. ^ -
•"NaY
"'x -
niNaF
= 6,23 - 0,42 = 5,81 (g)
Do
66: Y = = 129,11 = 23 + My ^ My = 106,11 ' '
0,045
, . yj^
->
ph^i c6 m6t halogen c6 M > 106,11 -» d6 iot. • v ^tf
Vay
c6ng
thiic
cua mud'i thiJ 2
Ilk
Nal.

%Naa = ^^1^.100% = 9,64%
6,23
%NaF = 6,77%;
%NaI
= 83,59%
*
Tru&ng
hop 2: NaF, NaBr va Nal.
Tac6: jl03a'^150b' =
5,81_^
ra'
= 0,02
[a'
+ b' =
0,045
[b'=
0,025
Ttif,^
= 103. 0,02 = 2,06
(g);
niN„
= 150.
0,025
= 3,75 (g)
2 Ofi
vay
%NaBr = —.100% = 33.07%
6,23
%NaI
=

1.
Xdc dinh c6ng
thiic
mu6'i? ' (')
2.
Tfnha?
Hu&ng
ddn
gidi
1.
C6ng
thiic
mu6'i c6 dang RQO, (x =
1
-> 4).
Phuong
trinh
phan umg:
Rao, +
2xKI
+
xH,S04
^
RQ + xlj +
xK,S04
+ xH^O
18
S6' mol
I2
= ^:^=0,024(mol)

Kh6i
luong NaQ = 0,012. 58,5 =
0,702
g.
Cau
7: Cho 50 gam dung dich MX (M la kim
loai
ki6m,
X
1^'halogen)
35,6% tac
dung
vcri
10 gam dung dich
AgNOj
thu duoc ke't tua. Loc
kfi't
tiia,
duoc dung
djch
nude
loc.
Bie't
n6ng d6 MX trong dung djch sau thi nghidm giam 1,2 ISn so
vdi
n6ng d6 ban ddu.
C6ng thurc
mu6'i
MX la
A.

+X) =35,6.(108 + X)
60-(108 + X).x 1.2
,0
-
=
M Li
(7)
Na(23)
K(39)
X
a
(35,5)
12,58
4634,44
MlaLi,Xiaa
Dap
dn dung la C.
mu6i
MX la
Lia.
19
Dang
2: Xdc
dinh
luffng
chat
(tham
gia, sdn
phdm,
cdn Iqi sau

electron
do
chat
khu ciio phai
diing
bang
tdng s6' mol
electron
do
chat
oxi hoa nhan:
Se(cho)
=
Ee(nhan)
=>
iicho-Necho
= n„hi:,.
N,„h,„
+ Viet cac qua
trinh
oxi hoa, qua
trinh
khijf (khong cin vie't phucmg
trinh
phan
ling
oxi hoa -
khir).
+ Dat ^n, dua vao djnh luat bao toan
electron

ne'u
bie't
kh6'i luong cua (n - 1)
chat
thl
tinh
duoc
khd'i
luong ciia
chat
con lai.
-
Phuong
phap
su
dung
cac
cong
thurc
giai
nhanh:
+
C6ng
thiic tmh kh6'i luong mu6'i
clorua
thu
ducfc
khi hoa tan hit h6n hop kim
loai
bang

Do do h6n horp Cu,
Fe304
c6 tha' bi tan hat trong dung djch HCl (Cu khdng tac
dung vdi dung djch HCl nhung bj hoa tan boi dung dich
FeClj):
Cu
+
2Fea3
CuCU +
2Fea2
-
Mudi
clorua
bj oxi hoa boi
KMn04/H2S04:
IOAICI3
+
6KMn04
+
24H2SO4
5Al2(S04)3 +
3K,S04
+
6MnS04
+
24H2O
- Kim loai Fe
(hoac
Cr) tac dung voi CU va axit HCl tao ra san
ph£m

dang
khoi
A)
Hu&ng
ddn
giai
Goi s6 mol
Fe304
la x => s6 mol Cu la 3x
Tac6:232x
+
64.3x
=
42,4=>x=0,l
Fe304
+ 8HC1
2FeCl3
+ FeCl2 +
4H2O
0,1 -> 0,2
A ,J/-'
'rf^
Cu +
2FcCl,
CUCI2
+
2FeCl2
''"'"'"^ '
0,1 0,2 • ••••
=>ncu(d.,-0.1-3-0,1-0,2

Khd'i
luong Al trong 2,7
gam X la bao
nhiau?
A.
1,08 gam. B. 0,27 gam. C. 0,81 gam. D. 0,54 gam.
(Trich
de
tuyen
sink
Cao
dang
nam 2012 -
Khoi
A)
Hu&ng
ddn
gidi
Theo
bai ra:
Hjj^
=0,07
(mol)
Goi x,y,z 1& luot la so mol Fe,Cr,Al trong X.
=>56x
+ 52y + 27z = 2,7 (l) 3!:::
*) X + dd HQ du:
Fe + 2HC1 -> FeClj + Hj t Cr + 2HC1 ^ CrQj +
H2
t

=
0,06 (3)
Tir (1,
2, 3) =>x
= 0,02;
y
=
0,02; z
=
0,02
•
Vay
iTiAi/x
-0,02.27 = 2,54(g) ,
, j)
? i n
Dap an
diing
la D.
Thi du
3: H6n hap X c6
khd'i
luong 82,3 gam g6m
KQOj,
€3(003)2,
CaQj
va
KQ.
Nhiet phan ho^n to^n X thu duoc 13,44 lit
O2

(Trick
dSthi
tuyen
sink
DH
khoi
A)
Hu&ng
ddn
gidi
Phuong phap bao toan
kh6'i
luong:
Theo
bai ra: =
0,6 (mol);
nK2C03
=
0,3 (mol)
Sodd
phan
utig: X '° > Y + Oj
Theo
dinh
luat bao toan
khd'i
luong ta c6:
""Y
=mcaa2(Y)+mKCi(Y)
=82,3-0,6.32

%m^„(^plii2l!^.
18,10%
82,3
Dap
an diing la A.
99
fhi du
4: D6't 16,2 gam
hOn
hop X g6m Al va Fe trong khi
CI2
thu duoc h6n hop
chat
ran Y. Cho Y vao nude du, thu duoc dung dich Z va 2,4 gam kim loai.
Dung
dich Z tac dung duoc vdfi t6i da 0,21 mol
KMn04
trong dung dich
H2SO4
(kh6ng tao
ra SO2).
Phdn
tram
khd'i
luong
ciia
Fe trong h6n hop X la
A.
72,91%. ' B. 64,00%.
C.

+ y = 0,35 (2)
Tir(l,2)
=>x=0,2;y
= 0,15.
Khdi
lirang
Fe trong X nam trong
khoang:
' •'
0,15.56
<mFe
<0,15.56
+ 2,4
=>8,4
<mp^
<10,8
vay
51,85% <
%mpj,/x
<66,667%
Dap
an diing la B.
Thidu
5: D6t chay hdn hop g6m 1,92 gam Mg va 4,48 gam Fe vdi h6n hop khi
X
g6m clo va oxi, sau phan dug chi thu duoc h6n hop Y g6m cdc oxit va
mu6'i
clorua (khdng c6n khi du). Hoa tan Y bang m6t luong
vfira
dii 120 ml

gidi
.
^
Se>
mol cac
cha't:
n^^ = 0,08 (mol);
np^
= 0,08 (mol); nna = 0,24 (mol)
Goi
x, y, z
Idn
luot la
s6'
mol
ciia
Cl2,02
va
Ag"^
(tao
ra
Ag). I*'
Cac
qua
trinh
nhucmg nhan electron:
Mg-2e->Mg^* f
Fe
- 3e ->
Fe^*

56,69
=>108z + 287x =
22,25
(3)
Tiir(l,2,
3) =>x=0,07;y =
0,06;z
= 0,02
Vay
%Vc,,h,=%nc,,/hh=-^^^^^^^^ = 53,85%
• ^
a2/hh
ci2/hh
0,07 + 0,06
Dap an diing la C.
Thidu
6: Cin t6'i
thi^u
bao nhidu gam NaOH (m,) va (mj) de'
phan
ling
hoan
tokn
vdi 0,01 mol
CrQj.
Gia tri cua m, va mj iSn luot la
A.
3,2 va 1,065 B. 3,2 v^
0,5325
C. 6,4 va

v mat ly thuye't c6 thi c6:
14NaOH + 2CrCl3 +
3CI2
^ 12NaCl + Na2Cr207 +
7H2O
0,07 <- 0,01 0,015(mol)
=>
m, =
0,07.40
= 2,8(g); m2 = 0,015.71 = l,065(g)
Thi
du 7: Cdn a mol
K^CrjO,
va b mol HCI d^
diiu
che'
duoc
3,36 lit di^u
kifin
chudn. Gia tri a vl b iSn
lirot
la
A.
0,05 va 0,7 B. 0,05 va 0,35 C. 0,1 va 0,7 D. 0,1 va 0,35
(Trich
de
thi
du
bi
dai

Fe^""
va Fe^^ la 1: 2.
Chia Y thanh hai ph^n
bang
nhau. C6 can phSn m6t thu
duoc
m, gam mu6'i
khan. Sue khi clo (du) vao phfo hai, c6 can dung dich sau
phan
ling
thu
duoc
m2
gam mu6'i khan.
Bid't
mj - m, = 0,71. Th^
tich
dung djch HCI da dung la
A.
320 ml B. 80 ml C. 240 ml D. 160 ml
(Trich
de
tuyen
sinh
Cao
dang
khoi
A)
Hu&ng
ddn

Vay
nHci
=2x + 6y = 2.0,04+
6.0,04
= 0,32(mol)
=^"^ddHa
=
0,32/2
= 0,16(1) = 160(ml)
Dap an diing la
Thi
du 9: Cho 3,16 gam KMn04 tac dung voi dung dich HCI dac (du), sau khi
phan
ling
xay ra
hoan
toan thi s6' mol HCI bi oxi hoa la
A.
0,10. B.0,16. C.0,02. D. 0,05.
(Trich
de
tuyen
sinh
Cao
dang
khoi
A)
Theo
bli
ra:

dung
phuong
trinh ion rut gpn:
2Mn04
+ I6H+ +
lOCF
^ IMn^^ + 5CI2 + 8H2O
0,02 ->
0,1
(mol)
=>
HHCI
(bi
oxi
hod)
= 1^.,-
(bj
oxi
ho4)
= 0,10 (mol)
Dap an diing la A.
Chu y; Trong
phan
ung nay, HCl
dong
hai vai tro: .
-1
+
Bj oxi hoa
(chat

dich NaOH (d nhiet d6 thucmg). Sau
phan
ung,
ndng
d6 NaOH con lai la 0,05M (gia thie't th^ tich
dung
dich kh6ng
thay
ddi).
N6ng d6 ban ddu ciia
dung
dich NaOH la
A.0,15M.
B.0,2M. C.0,1M. D. 0,05M.
(Trich De thi
tuyen
sink
Dai hoc
khoi
A)
Hu&ng ddn
gidi
S6
mol kim loai Cu: n^^ -
0,32
64
=
0,05(mol);
S6' mol NaOH du sau
phan

Dap an diing la C.
0,2
=
0,1M
3. Cac bai
tskp
tu luyen:
C&u
1: Cho 2,13 gam h6n hop X g6m ba kim loai Mg, Cu \k Al 6
dang
b6t tac
dung
hoan
toan
\cn oxi thu
dugc
h6n hop Y g6m cac oxit c6 kh6'i luong 3,33
gam. The' ti'ch
dung
dich HCl 2M vifa
dii
d^
phan
umg he't voi Y la
A.
90
ml.
B. 57 ml. C. 75 ml. D. 50 ml.
(Trich De thi
tuyen

=>
Ho = — =
0,075
(mol) = n 2 v ' '
Qua trinh hoa tan oxit vao
dung
djch axit:
-2
O + 2H" > H.O
,
=2. n 2 =2.
0,075
= 0,15 (mol)
=>
HHCI
= n ^+ = 0,15 (mol)
, _
vay:
HO
= ^ =
0,075
lit = 75 (ml).
Dap an diing la C.
C^u
2: Di hoa tan
hoan
toan
2,32 gam h6n
hcpfp
g6m FeO,

mol Fe304: np,304 = ^ - 0,01(mol) ^
PTPIT:
Fe304
+ 8HC1 > FeCl^ +
2FeCl3
+
4H2O
0,01 -> 0,08 (mol)
Suy ra th^ ti'ch
dung
djch HCl cSn dung: V,<,„c, = ^ = 0,08
(lit)
'
E>ap
an diing la A.
Cau
3: De oxi hod hoan to^n 0,01 mol Cra, th^nh
K2Cr04
bang CI, khi c6 mSt
KOH,
lirong
t6'i
thi^u
va
KOH
tucmg
ling
Ik
A.
0,015 mol va 0,04

Vay
cin t6'i thieu 0,015 mol
CI2
va 0,08 mol
KOH.
Dap an dung la B.
Cau
4: Nung h6n hop b6t g6m 15,2 gam
CTJOJ
va m gam Al
&
nhifit
d6 cao. Sau
khi
phan
ihig
hoan toan, thu duoc 23,3 gam h6n hop ran X. Cho toan b6 h6n hop
X
phan
ling
vdi axit HCl (du) thoat ra V lit khi
H2
(6
dktc).
Gia tri
ciia
V la
A.
3,36. B. 4,48.
C.

=>
niA,
=
mhh,p
- m
C^QJ
= 23,3 - 15,2 = 8,1 (g)
=>
UA,
= — = 0,3 (mol)
PTPLT:
Cr,03 + 2A1 > 2Cr +
AI2O3
Saupir: 0,1 0,1 (mol) 0,2 0,1
Sau phan
ling
nhiet nh6m c6: 0,1 mol Al (du); 0,2 mol Cr; 0,1 mol
AI2O3.
;f;2A1
+ 6Ha > 2k\C\^ +
3H2T
ft, 0,1 - 0,15 (mol)
Cr
+ 2Ha > Cra, + HjT
0,2 0,2 (mol)
Zn
H2
= 0,15 + 0,2 = 0,35 (mol)
=>
=0,35. 22,4 = 7,84

Fe304
= FeO.FcjOj, nfen c6 th^ coi h6n hop g6m FeO (x mol) va FcjOj
(y
mol).
Theo bai ra, ta c6: 72x + 160y = 9,12 (1)
PTPU*:
FeO +
2HC1
> FeCU + HjO
X
X
Fe^Oj +
6Ha
> 2FeCl3 +
3H2O
^
y
2y
n
Feci2
= X = 0-06 (mol) (2)
TO
(1,
2) ta c6:
X
= 0,06; y = 0,03 (mol)
vay m = m
p^ci,
= 2.y. 162,5 = 2.0,03.162,5 = 9,75 (gam)
Dap an

De thi
tuyen
sinh Dai hoc - khoi B)
Hu&ng
ddn
gidi
Theobaira: n^^ = ^ =0,15(mol); n^Q= ^ = 0,3(mol).
^
22,4 ^ 22,4
*
X + HCl: 2A1 + 6HC1 >
2AICI3
+ 3H2t
X
l,5x
Cu
+ HCl > khdng phan ung , .
=
1,5. x = 0,15 =>x = 0,1
(mol).
*
X +
HNO3
Al
+
HNOj^ij,
„g„oi)
> bj thu d6ng hoa
.
Cu +

dSc,
ngu6i.
Cau
7:
Dung dich
X
chiia h6n hop g6m
NazCOj
1,5M
KHCO3
IM. ^fh6 tir tv?
timg
giot cho de'n
hfi't
200
ml dung djch HQ IM v^o
100
ml dung djch
X,
sinh
ra
V
1ft khi
(6
dktc). Gia trj cua
V la
•
,vi'
A.
4,48. B. 1,12. C.2,24.

tCr
dung djch HQ (H") vao
X
thi:
-
%
Na^COj
+ HCl >
NaCl
+
NaHCO,
0,15 > 0,15 > 0.15
(mol)
Sau phan
ling
nay, luong HCl con lai la:
n^am = 0,2 -0,15 = 0.05
(mol)
Do d6. xay ra qua
trinh:
HCO3
+ H* > CO:t + H2O
0.05 < 0.05 —> 0,05
(mol)
vay
V =
Vco2
= 0,05.22,4 =1.12
(lit).
Dap an dung

khoi
A)
Huong
ddngidi
Theo
bai ra:
UKOH
=
0,1.1
=
0.1 (mol).
Phuong
trinh
phan ung: KOH
+
HQ
> KQ +
HjO
Gia
thid't
KOH phan img he't => n^a =
IIKOH
=
0.1 (mol)
=>
mKc,
= 0,1.
74,5 = 7,45
(g)
> 6.525

vay
CM(„a,
= x/0,1
=
0.05/0,1
=
0.5M.
Dap
&n
dung
la B.
cau
9:
Hoa tan he't
7,74
gam h6n hop b6t Mg, Al
b^g 500
ml dung djch h6n hop
HQ IM va H2SO4
0,28M
thu
dugc
dung djch
X
va
8,736
lit khi H2
(Jb
dktc).
C6

= 0.5.
1
= 0.5
(mol);
nH2S04
= 0.5. 0.28 = 0,14
(mol); nH^
=
8.736/
22.4
=
0,39 (mol).
Ta thafy
=
"82804
+ ^na^
=>
Axit
phan
ling
v&a he't voi kim loai.
Sord6:
Kim loai+
Axit
>
mud'i
+
Hj
''^ ' , .
=>m

800
ml dung djch HQ IM va
c6
3.36 lit khi
thoat
ra (cj dktc). Gia tri cua m
va
V lin
luot
la
A.
6.075
va
0.0625 B.
6.075
va
0,2500
C.
7,425
va
0.0625
D. 3,375 v^
0,2500
Hu&ng
ddn
gidi
TTieo
bM ra:
HHCI
-

t
y
->3y -). l,5y
Tu
v. ,
r4x + 3y = 0.8
Theobairataco:-^
^
ix>
x
=
0.125;
y
= 0.1
[1.5y=0.15
Vay: m =
(x
+ y).27 =
(0,125
+
0,l).27
=
6.075(g)
J
V =
x/2
=
0,125/2
=
0,0625(1)

M + dung
djch
HCl (du):
Cr
+
2HCl^CrCl2+H2
2Al
+
6Ha-)-2AlCl3
+
3H2
Mg
+
2HCl->MgCl2+H2
Cu
+
HCl
> Kh6ng xay ra.
=^mc„-3,2(g)^nc„=0,05(mol)
3,2.100%
Cty
TNHHMTV
mvu KhangVift
'Cu/M
50
-6,4%
*
M + Khia,(du):
2Cr
+

=
20,8%
Dap an
diing
la B.
Cau
12: Hoa tan het 4 gam
oxit
Fe.Oy c^n
diing
52,14 ml dung
dich
HCl 10%
(d
= 1,05 gam/ml). Dd'
khii
hoa hoan toan 4 gam
oxit
sat nay dn it
nha't
th^
tfch
khi
CO (dktc) la (cho H = 1, CI = 35,5, O = 16, C = 12, Fe = 56)
A.
1,68 lit B. 1,24 lit C. 0,056 lit D. 1,545 lit
Huamg
ddn
gidi
^

Na^COj IM va NaHCOj
IM,
kfi't
thuc phan
ling
thu duoc V lit
CO2
(dktc).
Gia tri ctia V la (cho C = 12,0 = 16, H = 1, Na = 23, Q = 35,5)
A.
4,48 B. 8,96 C. 6,72 D. 2,24
Hudng
ddn
gidi
Theobaira: n^ci =0,4(mol)
nNa2C03
=0,2(mol);
nN,HC03
=0,3(mol)
PTPU':
HCl + Na2C03
-)•
NaHCOj +
NaCf
,
Ban
d^u: 0,4 0,2 0,2
Phan iJng: 0,2 <- 0,2 ^ 0,2
Conlai:
0,2 0 0,4

Theo
bki
ra: n.
4,41
=
0,015 (mol)
'K2Cr207
"
PTPU:
K2Cr207
+
14HCI
->
2KC1
+ 2Cra3 +
3CI2
+
7H2O
0,015 ->
0,045
(mol)
=>Vc,2
=0,045.22,4 = 1,008 (lit)
f^ap an dung la A.
15: Hoa hat 2,32 gam h6n hop FeO,
Fe304,
Fe^O, (trong d6 FeO, Fc.O, c6 s6'
"lol
bang nhau) trong 80 ml dung djch HCl IM thu duoc dung djch X. Cho X
tac dung voi dung dich

+
3AgN03
—^>2AgCl
i
+Ag
i
+Fe(N03)3
0,01 > 0,02 -> 0,01 (mol)
.
Vay,
kh6'i
luong chat khdng tan:
^
m =
mAgci
+mAg
=(0,06
+
0,02).143,5
+
0,01.108-12,56(gam)
Dap an dung la D.
C^u
16: Cho 17,5 gam h6n hop
Al,
Zn, Fe tac dung hoan toan vdi dung dich HCl
du
thu diroc dung djch X va V lit H,
(dktc).
C6 can dung djch X thu duoc 53

vira
du 550 ml dung
djch
HCl 2M, sau phan ling thu duoc dung dich Y. M6t nijfa dung dich Y tha'y
hoa tan he't t6'i da 2,9 gam b6t Ni. C6 can nifa dung dich Y con lai thi thu duofc
bao nhiau gam mu6'i khan?
A.
30,525 gam B. 30,8 gam
C.
61,6 gam D. 61,05 gam
Hu&ng
ddn
gidi
Theo
bki
ra:
HHCI
=1,1
(mol); =0,05 (mol)
Goi
X,
y, z \in luot la
s6'
mol ciia
CrjOj,
CuO,
Fe304 c6 trong h6n hop X.
prPlT:
CrjOj
+6HC1

+CUCI2
>Cu
+NiCl2
y/2<-y/2
Theo bai ra, ta c6: 6x + 12y + 87 = 1,1 => 3x + y +,4z = 0,55 (1)
z/2+ y/2 = 0,05 => z + y = 0,1 (2)
CAn
tinh:
m=mcK:i3
+mcua2
+'"FeCi3
+'"FeCi2
"
=>m
=
158,5+ 135.^+162,5.7+127
2 2
=>m
=
158,5x +67,5y
+
226z. v
=>m=67,5(y
+ z)+158,5(x + z) (3)
TO
(1,
2) vao (3) duoc:
m
= 67,5.0,1+ 158,5.0,15=30,525(gam)
Dap an

Cau
19: Ho^ tan hoan to^n m gam h6n hop g6m Na, Ba, K v^o nu6c thu duoc x
gam khi H,. Ne'u cho m gam h6n hop trfen tic dung vdd dung djch HQ du, r6i c6
can dung djch sau phan
ling
thi
khd'i
luong mud'i khan thu duoc 1^
A.
(m + 17x)gam B. (m + 35,5x)gam
C. (m + 142x)gam D. (m + 17,75x)gam , ,
35
Ttnwaat
mm
gtat
nhann
BTH0irn^srTap7
-Timtanli
Toan
Hu&ng
ddn
gidi
Ki
hifiu
Chung
ba kim
loai
1^ M (hoa trj
chung
1^ n).

Dieu
che,
tinh
che
vd
phdn
Met cdc
halogen
vd hap
chdi
cua
halogen
1. Li thuyet
vakn
dung
va
phuorng
phap
giai:
- Dilu ch^ cac
halogen
trong
phong
thi
nghidm
va
trong
c6ng
nghidp:
4HX(,)

2Naa
2NaI
+
Cl2(w«du)
—^
I2
+
2Naa
Di^u
chd' cac
hidro
halogenua
HX:
CaF2„)
+
H2S04(d)
-ii^
2HFt
+
CaS04
i
2Naa„
+
H2S04,<,)
'""'"""^
> 2Ha +
Na2S04
H2,ic,+
Cl2„,
—!-^2Ha,k,

2. Cac thi du minh hoa:
'rhidu
I
Chat
diing d^ 1^ kh6 khi 02 im \h
A.
NajSOj
khan. B. dung dich H2SO4 dam dac.
C CaO. D- dung djch NaOH dac.
^
(Trick
di
tuyen
sinh
Cao
dang
-
Khoi
A)
Hu&ng
ddn
gidi
Cha't
CO
th^ dung di lam kh6 khi 02 im phai la: v
+
Chaft
hao
nude
+

B.
AgN03,HI,Na2C03,ZnCl2
C.
AgN03,Na2C03,HI,ZnCl2
D.
ZnCl2,HI,Na2C03,AgN03
(Trick
de
tuyen
sinh
Cao
dang
khdi
A)
Hu&ng
ddn
gidi
- 6ng nghidm 2 va 3 la HI,
Na2C03:
2HI +
Na2C03
2NaI
+ COj t
+H2O
- ^ng nghiem 2 va 4 la HI, ZnClj.
HI
+
ZnCl2kh6ng
xay ra
=> 6ng nghiem 2 la HI.

gidi
C6 th^
xit dung dich
NH3: 2NH3
+
SClj
+
6HC1
HC1
+
NH3->NH4C1
Ddp dn diing la A.
Thidu 4: Trong phong thi nghiSm, ngirori ta thucmg dilu chd'clo bang each
A.
cho dung dich
HCl
dac tac dung vdi
MnOi,
dun nong.
B.
Aitn phan dung djch
NaCl
c6 mkng ngan.
C.
dien phan
nong
chay
NaCl.
D.
cho

6Ha
+
KQOa
> SQj + KQ + m.O
16Ha
+ 2KMn04 >
SCl^
+
2KC1
+
2Mna2
+
SH.O
2HC1
+
CaOa,
>
CI2
+
CaClj
+
H^O
Chu
v; Ne'u chat oxi hoa la Mn02 thi dn phai dun nong, con
cha't
oxi hoa la
KMn04
,
KQOj
hoac

Cu
+ HQ > kh6ng phan ling.
Cu
+
IHjSO^a^^
„g„,i)
>
CUSO4
+
S02t
+
2H2O
kh6ng mau, mili h^c
Cu
+
4HN03«,^.„g„^i,
>
Cu(N03)2
+
2N02t
+
2H2O
mau nau do
Dap an diing la A.
Chu
y:
Kim
loai
yd'u (kim
loai

thir
la
A.
gia'y quy
tim.
B.
Al.
C. BaCOj. D. Zn.
(Trich
De thi
tuyen
sinh DH - CD khoi B)
Hu&ng
ddn
gidi
Chon thu6'c
thir
la BaC03:
BaCO,
+ KOH (dd): khdng
CO
hidn tuomg '
BaCOj
+
2HC1
-> BaCh + CO.J + HjO
5
w;
BaCOj
+

ra:
CaOCU
+
2HC1
> CaCU +
CljT
+
H2O
1
mol
1
mol
2KMn04
+ 16HC1 > SCU + 2Ka + 2Mna2 +
8H2O
1
mol 2,5 (mol)
K2Cr207
+ 14Ha > 3Ch + 2Ka +
2Cra3
+ IH.O
1
mol 3 (mol)
MnOj
+ 4HC1 > CI2 +
MnCl2
+ H2O
1 mol
1
mol . ,

nghiSm.
- Cho
tijf
tiir
dung djch HCl vao cic mSu thif:
+ MSu nao tao ra khi bay Itn => m3u
chura
amoni
hidrocacbonat
NH4HCO3:
HQ +
NH4HCO3
> CO,t +
NH4a
+
H2O
+ MSu tao ra k6't tua
trSng,
sau do k€t tua bi tan => mSu
chura
natri aluminat
Na[Al(OH)4]:
HCl
+ Na[Al(OH)4] >
Al(OH)3i
+ NaQ + HjO
3HC1 +
Al(OH)3
>
AICI3

C6H5NH3CI
(Tan)
DAp dn dung la B.
Thi du 9: Di loai bo Al, Fe, CuO ra khoi h6n hop g6m Ag, Al, Fe va CuO, c6
th^
dung lucmg du dung djch nao sau
day?
A.
Dung djch
Fe(N03)3.
B. Dung dich HCl.
C. Dung djch
HNO3.
D. Dung djch NaOH.
(Trich
detuyen
sink
Cao
ddng
khoi
A)
Hu&ng
ddn
gidi
Vi
Al, Fe, CuO diu phan
ling
vdri
HCl (dd), con Ag khdng phan
ihig

chat
rSn X. Trong X c6
th^
CO
nhi^u
nha't
bao nhidu hop
chat
tac dung diroc
vdri
dung djch HCl giai
phong CI, ? •
3
B. 4 C. 2 D. 1
Hu&ng
ddn
gidi
FTPU':
2KMn04
K2Mn04
+ MnOj + O^
,X
CO
thd'chura K,Mn04, MnO,, KMn04 (du).
Cac
chat
trong X tac dung
vdri
HCl dac d^u c6 th^ giai phdng
khi

HNO3
dac, ndng,
du.
Hu&ng
ddn
gidi
A.
Fe
vdri
I,
C.
FeCl2
vdri
Br,
0
cac PTHH xay ra:
Fe + L
2Fe + SBr,
Fe + 6HNO
-•FeL
6FeCl2
+
3Br2
2FeBr3
3
(d.c,du,
>Fe(N03)3+3N02+3H20
->4Fea3+2FeBr3
Dip
an dung la A.

Hu&ng
ddn
gidi
-1 0 -1
PTPIT:
2KMn04+16HCl-*5Cl2 +
2KCl+2Mna2+8H20
f
-1 0
HCl
vira la
chat
khtr
C1->C1
vira
la m6i truomg
An dung
\k
A.
a
'Cl
41
C&u 4:
Phong
thi
nghidm
bi 6
nhidm
lirong nho khf
CI,.

Di loai bo khf
HCl
trong khf
diiu
chi
duoc
c&n
dSn h6n hop khi nay qua
A.
dung dich
NaCl.
B.
nirdc.
C.
dung dich AgNOj. D. dung dich NaOH.
Hu&ng ddn
gidi
Di loai bo HQ nguofi ta dSn h6n hop
HCl,
Q, qua dung dich NaQ. Vi dung
4
djch
NaQ ha'p thu HCl, con
CI2
tan v& ft trong dung
djch
NaCl.
Dap
an diing la A.
Cau

+
3CI2
+
3H2O
14HC1 +
K2Cr207
2KC1 +
2CrCl3
+
3CI2
+7H2O
=> Cae hoa chat:
K2Cr207,HCl,KMn04,Mn02,KC103
Dap
an diing la D.
Dang
4: Xdc
dinh
chat
phdn
vcng,
phuong
trinh
hod hoc
vd
chuoiphdn
itng
cua cdc
halogen
vd hop

va c6 tfnh oxi hoa (tac
dung
vdi kim loai).
+
Axit
flohidric HF la axit
yfi'u,
c6 tfnh
chat
dac biet (an mon thuy tinh):
4HF +
SiOz
->
SiF4
+
2H2O
+
KhfCO,
tacdungvorinude
Javen,
eloruav6i:
NaClO +
CO2
+
H2O
-> HQO + NaHCOj
2CaOCl, + CO, +
H2O
CaCOj
+ CaClj +

le a
:
c la
A.
4: 1. B.3:2. C.2: 1. . D. 3 : 1.
( Trich
dethi
tuyen
sinh
DH
khoi
B)
Hu&ng ddn
gidi
Hoan
thanh phircfiig
trinh
hoa hoc:
+2 +3
2Fe-2.1e->2Fe
0
-1
2Cl+2.1e->2Cl
6FeS04
+
3CI2
->
2Fe2
(804)3 +
^^^^'3

Trong eac
phan
ling hoa hoc kim loai chi the' hifen tfnh
khijf
ntn khi tac
dung
vod
kim
loai axit HCl
dong
vai tro la clia't oxi hoa. Tfnh oxi hoa ciia HCl do
thanh
2
,
11 +1 0
phan
H the'
hien:
2H+ 2e -> H
PTHH:
Fe + 2
HCl
-> FeCl, + H
£^ap an diing la C.
2
-^-"2
43
Th(
du 3: Khi nao sau day khong b| oxi hoi
bofi

nude
Gia-ven.
Dap an
diing
la A.
Chu
y; - Tuy vay, CO, vSn phan
ling
duoc
vdi
nude
Giaven (khdng phai phan
ling
oxi
hoa -
khiJf):
CO2
+
H2O
+ NaClO -> HCIO + NaHCOj
-
Cac khi bi oxi hoa boi
nude
Javen:
SO2
+ NaClO +
H2O
NaCl +
H2SO4
H2S

A.
3. B.4. C. 1. D. 2.
(Trich
Delhi
tuyen
sink
DH - CD khoi A)
Hu&ng
ddn
gidi
Trong
cac phan iJng, HQ thd' hidn
tinh
oxi hoa khi n6 tac dung
vdri
kim
loai
(tinh
oxi
hoa
ciia
ion H*)- Do do trong cac phan ung vdi kim
loai,
HCl th^ hidn
tinh
oxi
hoa:
M
- ne M"*
H"

5. B.6. C.4. D.7.
(Trich
Delhi
tuyen
sinh DH - CD kh6i A)
Hu&ng
ddn
gidi
dc
chat Al,
AI2O3,
Zn(OH)2, NaHS, (NH4)2C03 d^u phan ling duoc vdi dung
dich
HQ, dung djch NaOH.
Phuong trinh hoa hoc cdc phan ling minh hoa:
*)
D6 1^ m6t s6' kim loai
(Al,
Zn, ):
2A1
+ 6Ha >
AICI3
+
3H2
2A1
+ 2NaOH + 6H2O >•
2Na[Al(OH)4]
+ 3H2
*)
Cdc chat luong tinh: j,

bife't
cac phan ihig xay ra sau:
2FeBr2 +
Br2
>
IFeBr^
2NaBr
+
02
> 2NaCl +
BT2
Phat
bi^u diing la :
A.
Tinh
khix ciia
CI"
manh hon Br".
B.
Tinh
oxi hoa ciia
Brj
manh hon ctia
Q2.
C.
Tinh
khu ciia
Br"
manh hcni ciia Fe"*
D.

oxi hoa ciia Br2 manh hon Fe'* (dua vao phan iitig thuf nha't), tinh oxi hoa
^"a CI2
manh hem ciia Br2 n6n tinh oxi hoa ciia
CI2
manh hem Fe'*.
E>ap
an diing la D.
Ill
iHMl
WW
giui
nnann
BI
nuu
nt^v,
z -
i
num
i uan
Thi du 7: Day g6m
c&c
chat
d^u tac dung diroc
vdfi
dung dich HQ loang
1^
A.
AgNOj, (NH4)3C03,
CuS.
B. Mg(HC03)2, HCOONa,

Loai
vi BaS04.
D.
Loai
VI
KNO3.
Dap an dung la B.
Thi du 8: Cho cac phan utig sau:
(a) 4HC1 + PbO, > PbQ, + CI2 + 2H2O
(b) HCl + NH4HCO3 > NH4CI + CO, + H2O
(c) 2HC1 + 2HNO3 > 2NO, + 02 + 2H2O
(d) 2HC1 + Zn > ZnCU + H2
S6'
phan
lifng
trong do HQ thi hien tinh khu la
A.
3. B.4. C. 1. D.2.
(Trich De thi
tuyen
sinh
Dai hoc,
khd'i
B)
Hu&ng
ddn
gidi
Khi
tdc dung vori cac
chat

B)
Hu&ng
ddn
gidi
_ ,
C&c thi nghiem xay ra:
>
v
i]>.
>
•
t
(I) . Fe + H2S04(l) >FeS04 + H2 ''^
(II) : SO2 + Br2 + 2H2O > H2SO4 + 2HBr
(III)
: CO2 + H,0 + NaQO > HCIO + NaHCOj
Co 3 phan ling hoa hoc xay ra.
Dap an dung la B.
Thidu
10: Cac khi c6
th^
cung t6n tai trong m6t h6n horp la
A.
CUvaO,. B.
H,Svaa,.
C.NH3vkHa. D. HIva03.
(Trich Dethi
tuyen
sinh
Cao

+
H2S
>
FeS +
2HC1
^-
O3
+ 2KI + H2O >
2KOH
+ I2 + O2
^ 30, + 2H2S 2H2O + 2SO2
(Trich De thi
tuyen
sinh
Cao
dang
khd'i
A)
Hu&ng
ddn
gidi
^et cac phuong an: ' - ^
A.
Dung. ^ ^