Lập trình hợp ngữ 8051 - Chương 2 - Vi điều khiển 8051 Assembly - Pdf 30

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2.1.1 C¸c thanh ghi.
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2.1.2 LÖnh chuyÓn MOV.
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D7

R6

R7

DPH

PC (program counter)

DPL

DPTR

PC

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MOV A, #55H; ; Nạp trí trị 55H vào thanh ghi A (A = 55H)
MOV R0, A ; Sao chép nội dung A vào R0 (bây giờ R0=A)
MOV R1, A ; Sao chép nội dung A và R1 (bây giờ R1=R0=A)
MOV R2, A ; Sao chép nội dung A và R2 (bây giờ R2=R1=R0=A)
MOV R3, #95H ; Nạp giá trị 95H vào thanh ghi R3 (R3 = 95H)
MOV A, R3 ; Sáo chép nội dung R3 vào A (bây giờ A = 95H)
#

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2.1.3 Lệnh cộng ADD.
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MOV A, #25H ; Nạp giá trị 25H vào A
MOV R2, #34H ; Nạp giá trị 34H vào R2
ADD A, R2 ; Cộng R2 vào A và kết quả A = A + R2
#
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MOV R5, #25H ; Nạp giá trị 25H vào thanh ghi R5
MOV R7, #34H ; Nạp giá trị 34H vào thanh ghi R7
MOV A, #0 ; Xoá thanh ghi A (A = 0)
ADD A, R5 ; Cộng nội dung R5 vào A (A = A + R5)
ADD A, R7 ; Cộng nội dung R7 vào A (A = A + R7 = 25H + 34H)
#
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MOV A, #25H ; Nạp giá trị thứ nhất vào thanh ghi A (A = 25H)
ADD A, #34H ; Cộng giá trị thứ hai là 34H vào A (A = 59H)
#

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2.2.1 Cấu trúc của hợp ngữ.
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IJ'(#Kr<#BH<#STU#'_<#'_#I7\#*&#BH<#9?9#F+#I<J>1#
ORG 0H ; Bắt đầu (origin) tại ngăn nhớ 0
MOV R5, #25H ; Nạp 25H vào R5
MOV R7, #34H ; Nạp 34H vào R7
MOV A, #0 ; Nạp 0 vào thanh ghi A
ADD A, R5 ; Cộng nôi dụng R5 vào A (A = A + R5)
ADD A, R7 ; Cộng nội dung R7 vào A (A = A + R7)
ADD A, #121H ; Cộng giá trị 12H vào A (A = A + 12H)
HERE: SJMP HERE ; ở lại trong vòng lặp này

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EDITOR

PRAGRAM

ASSEMBLE
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2.3.1 Nói thêm về các tệp .asm và .object.
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2.3.2 Tệp liệt kê .lst.
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K6>#$<3'#g(<#C!$#'*>ồ'1#S(:'*#$;#K[$#KV)9#K#'78#Cằ'*#9â>#IJ'(#OyG#$%4'*#
9(VL'*#$%&'(#'*>ồ'#'(V#Ku#$%&'(#C78#$%VH9#Kâ81#RVH<#Kâ8#I7#(4[$#K`'*#${'*#CVH9#9A;#
C`#Kf\#9(VL'*#$%&'(#$%4'*#q:;#$%&'(#'["#B7#$(ự9#$(<#\`$#9(VL'*#$%&'(#\ẫ>1#
2.4.3 Đặt mã vào ROM ch ơng trình.
~X#(<X>#$r$#(L'#B;<#$%ò#9A;#C`#Kf\#9(VL'*#$%&'(#$%4'*#q>?#$%&'(#'["#B7#$(ự9#$(<#\`$#
9(VL'*#$%&'(^#$;#g(M4#D?$#\`$#(4[$#K`'*#9A;#C`#Kf\#9(VL'*#$%&'(#g(<#\ỗ<#IJ'(#KV)9#
'["#B7#$(ự9#$(<1#5%VH9#(f$#$;#g(M4#D?$#\`$#I6'#'+;#$J"#I<J$#g3#9A;#9(VL'*#$%&'(#\ẫ>#B7#
9?9(#Kc$#\u#B74#yON#9(VL'*#$%&'(#, /#'(V#$(f#'74?#(V#$;#9_#$(X#$(Y8^#\u#IJ'(#
B7#$4?'#(['*#Kr<#BH<#\ỗ<#IJ'(#KV)9#I<J$#g3#ở#C3'#$%?<#9A;#IJ'(#I<J$#g31#
S(VL'*#$%&'(#01/h#P@#FG#\ẫ>#Bp#\`$#9(VL'*#$%&'(#()"#'*+1#
S(VL'*#$%&'(#01/#9(4#$%3'#Kâ8#I7#\`$#9(>ỗ<#9?9#9â>#IJ'(#(4c9#9?9#Fò'*#IJ'(#KV)9#
B<f$#(4c9#Cằ'*#9?9#IJ'(#()"#'*+#'(V#QRR#B7#NOP#(4c9#Cằ'*#9?9#9â>#IJ'(#KV)9#*|<#
I7#9?9#9(e#Fẫ'1#5%4'*#g(<#9?9#IJ'(#()"#'*+#$(&#'_<#STU#"(M<#I7\#*&#$(&#9?9#9(e#IJ'(#
k(;8#9ò'#*|<#I7#*<M#IJ'(n#$(&#KV;#%;#9?9#9(e#IJ'(#9(4#()"#'*+1#P@#FG^#$%4'*#9(VL'*#
$%&'(#01/#$(&#9?9#IJ'(#QRR#B7#NOP#I7#9?9#IJ'(#Kf'#STU^#9ò'#OyG#B7#ER#I7#9?9#
9(e#IJ'(#Kr<#BH<#()"#'*+1#OyG#'_<#()"#'*+#Kc$#\u#IJ'(#$[<#'*ă'#'(H#-#B7#ER#$(&#
C?4#9(4#()"#'*+#C<f$#gf$#$(:9#\u#'*>ồ'1#t;8#'_<#9?9(#g(?9#\`$#9(e#IJ'(#KX#Cắ$#K6>#
B7#9(e#IJ'(#$(=#(;<#KX#gf$#$(:9#9(VL'*#$%&'(1#
SY>#$%:9#9A;#\`$#IJ'(#()"#'*+#9_#4#$%V]'*#'(V#D;>h#
['(u'h]### [${#*)<#'(H]# [9?9#$4?'#(['*]# [;#9(:#*<M<]#
S?9#$%V]'*#$%4'*#FY>#'*4c9#B>Z'*#I7#$>o#9(|'#B7#g(Z'*#"(M<#Fò'*#IJ'(#'74#9ũ'*#9_#
9(:'*1#S?9#FY>#'*4c9#B>Z'*#g(Z'*#KV)9#B<f$#B741#PH<#F['*#$(=9#$%3'#Kâ8#96'#IV>#b#
9?9#K<X\#D;>h#
5%V]'*#'(u'#9(4#"(}"#9(VL'*#$%&'(#$(;\#9(<f>#Kf'#\`$#Fß'*#IJ'(#C»'*#$3'1#•_#

#$(&#\u#IJ'(#B7#$4?'#(['*#KV)9#KV;#B74#9?9#Bd#$%@#'(H#
yON#C¾$#K6>#${#Kd;#9(e# #'(V#CM'*#I<J$#g3#FVH<#K©81#
#
§Þa chØ ROM Ng«n ng÷ m¸y Hîp ng÷
0000 7D25 MOV R5, #25H
0002 7F34 MOV R7, #34H
0004 7400 MOV A, #0
0006 2D ADD A, R5
0007 2F ADD A, R7
0008 2412 ADD A, #12H
000A 80EF HERE: SJMP HERE
#
2M'*#'`<#F>'*#yON#9A;#9(VL'*#$%&'(#01/1#
2M'*#I<J$#g3#9(e#%;#Kd;#9(e# #9(=;#\u#jR#I7#\u#IJ'(#KX#9(>8X'#\`$#*<?#$%d#B74#
$(;'(#*(<#y.#B7#Kd;#9(e# /#9(=;#$4?'#(['*#kë#K©8#I7#*<?#$%d#0.4n#96'#KV)9#9(>8X'#
B74#y.1#R4#B!8^#IJ'(#“NOP#y.^##0.t”#9_#\u#I7#“jR0.”#$%4'*#K_#jR#I7#\u#IJ'(^#
§Þa chØ M· lÖnh
0000 7D
0001 25
0002 F7
0003 34
0004 74
0005 00
0006 2D
0007 2F
0008 24
0009 12
000A 80
000B FE
#

'_<#I7##,wn#*|<#C`#Kf\#I7#94'#$%z#IJ'(#kI'D$%>9$<4'#T4<'$a%n1#
2.4.5 Bản đồ nhớ ROM trong họ 8051.
(V#$;#Ku#$(Y8#ở#9(VL'*#$%VH9^#\`$#Dr#$(7'(#B<3'#(|#, /#9(e#9_#4g#C8$a#C`#'(H#
yON#$%3'#9(@"#kB@#FG#,j./^#Q5#,9./n#B7#\`$#Dr#g(?9#'(V#Q5#,9./#9_#,g#C8$a#
yON^#Ri# lv0#9A;#R;II;D#ia\<94'F>9$4%#9_#v0g#C8$a#yON#$%3'#9(@"1#R;II;D#
ia\<94'F>9$4%#9ũ'*#9_#\4$|#, /#BH<#yON#$%3'#9(@"#I7#w4g#C8$a1#~<X\#96'#'(H#I7#
g(Z'*#9_#$(7'(#B<3'#'74#9A;#(|#, /#9_#$(X#$%>8#9!"#KV)9#(L'#w4g#C8$a#\u#IJ'(#B&#
C`#Kf\#9(VL'*#$%&'(#9A;#, /#I7#/w#C<$#kFM<#Kd;#9(e#${# #Kf'#FFFFtn1#S6'#"(M<#
*(<#'(H#I7#IJ'(#K6>#$<3'#9A;#yON#9(VL'*#$%&'(#Kp>#Kc$#ở# ^#9ò'#IJ'(#9>r<#9W'*#
"(G#$(>`9#B74#F>'*#IV)'*#yON#$%3'#9(@"#9A;#\ỗ<#$(7'(#B<3'#(|#, /1#5%4'*#Dr#9?9#
$(7'(#B<3'#(|#, /#$(&#,j./#B7#Q5#,9./#9_#4g#C8$a#yON#$%3'#9(@"1#2`#'(H#yON#
$%3'#9(@"#'78#9_#9?9#Kd;#9(e#${# #Kf'#-FFFt1#R4#B!8^#'*ă'#'(H#K6>#$<3'#9_#Kd;#
9(e# #B7#'*ă'#'(H#9>r<#9W'*#9_#Kd;#9(e;#-FFFt1#tu8#q}$#B@#FG#01/1#
Ví dụ 2.1:
5&\#Kd;#9(e#C`#'(H#yON#9A;#\ỗ<#$(7'(#B<3'#(|#, /#D;>#Kâ81#
;n#Q5#,9./#k(4c9#,j./n#BH<#4g#C8$a#
Cn#Ri# lv0#BH<#v0g#C8$a#
Lời giải:
;n#PH<#4g#C8$a#9A;#g(Z'*#*<;'#'(H#yON#$%3'#9(@"#$;#9_#4-9w#C8$a#Cằ'*#/ t#ở#F['*#
taq#k4##/-04#=#4-9w#(;8#/ #ở#F['*#taqn1#2`#'(H#'78#KV)9#qắ"#qf"#$%4'*#9?9#
'*ă'#'(H#${# #Kf'#-FFFFt1# V>#b#-#I>Z'#I7#'*ă'#'(H#K6>#$<3'1#
Cn#PH<#v0g#C8$a#'(H#$;#9_#v01jw,#C8$a#kv0##/-04n1#S(>8X'#Kổ<#v01jw,#Bp#Dr#taq#$;#
'(!'#KV)9#*<?#$%d#, t1#R4#B!8^#g(Z'*#*<;'#'(H#I7#FM<#${# #Kf'#jFFFt1#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#

DATA3: DB 39H ; Số dạng Hex
ORG 510H
DATA4: DB 2591 ; Các số ASCII
ORG 518H
DATA5 DB My name is Joe ; Các ký tự ASCII
byte

byte

byte

0000

0FFF

1FFF

7FFF

0000

0000

8751

AT89C51
#
8752

AT89C52

'*+#Ds#$(;8#Kổ<#$Y$#9M#\|<#I6'#q>Y$#(<J'#9A;#'_#I7#$&\#$47'#C`#9(VL'*#$%&'(#B7#
*ắ'*#$&\#\|<#I6'#q>Y$#(<J'1#
v1#S(e#IJ'(#ERh#N`$#IJ'(#q>;'#$%|'*#g(?9#I7#9(e#IJ'(#ER1#_#C?4#9(4#$%&'(#
()"#'*+#gf$#$(:9#9A;#$J"#'*>ồ'#;D\#9(e#IJ'(#ER#I7#Fò'*#9>r<#9W'*#9A;#
9(VL'*#$%&'(#, /#9_##'*(ĩ;#I7#$%4'*#\u#'*>ồ'#$(&#\|<#$(=#D;>#9(e#IJ'(#ER#
KX#Cd#$%&'(#()"#'*+#Cz#q>;1#N`$#Dr#$%&'(#()"#'*+#DE#FG'*#1ER#9_#FY>#9(Y\#
K='*#$%VH9#$(;8#9(4#ER1#
2.5.4 Các quy định đố với nhãn trong hợp ngữ.
2ằ'*#9?9(#9(|'#9?9#$3'#'(u'#9_#'*(ĩ;#I7#\`$#I!"#$%&'(#B<3'#9_#$(X#I7\#9(4#9(VL'*#
$%&'(#Fễ#K|9#B7#Fễ#CM4#$%&#(L'^#9_#\`$#Dr#q>8#Kd'(#\7#9?9#$3'#'(u'#"(M<#$>â'#$(a41#
5(=#'(Y$#I7#\ỗ<#$3'#'(u'#"(M<#$(r'*#'(Y$^#9?9#$3'#KV)9#DE#FG'*#I7\#'(u'#$%4'*#()"#
'*+#*ồ\#9?9#9(+#9?<#B<f$#(4;#B7#B<f$#$(V]'*^#9?9#Dr#${#-#Kf'#9#B7#9?9#FY>#Kc9#C<J$#
'(Vh#FY>#(z<#k?n^#FY>#kn^#FY>#*[9(#FVH<#k_n^#FY>#KZ#I7#k$n#B7#FY>#9(>#go#k1n1#Kb#$ự#
K6>#$<3'#9A;#'(u'#"(M<#I7#\`$#9(+#9?<1#t;8#'_<#9?9(#g(?9#I7#'_#g(Z'*#$(X#I7#Dr#taq1#
Nỗ<#$%&'(#()"#'*+#9_#\`$#Dr#${#Fự#$%+#I7#9?9#${#*)<#'(H#9(4#9?9#IJ'(#\7#g(Z'*#KV)9#
FW'*#KX#I7\#'(u'#$%4'*#9(VL'*#$%&'(1#P@#FG#'(V#NOP#B7#QRR1#23'#9['(#9?9#
${#*)<#'(H#9ò'#9_#\`$#Dr#$ự#Fự#$%+#g(?9^#(u8#g<X\#$%;#CM'#I<J$#g3#9?9#${#Fự#"(ò'*#9A;#
()"#'*+#$;#K;'*#DE#FG'*1#
01w#S?9#C<$#9]#B7#$(;'(#*(<#Kc9#CJ$#TiW#9A;#, /1#
Sũ'*#'(V#9?9#C`#B<#qE#Ib#g(?9^#, /#9_#\`$#$(;'(#*(<#9]#KX#C?4#9?9#K#g<J'#Dr#
(|9#'(V#C<$#'(H1#5(;'(#*(<#9]#$%4'*#, /#KV)9#*|<#I7#$(;'(#*(<#${#$%['*#$(?<#9(VL'*#
$%&'(#TiW1#5%4'*#"(6'#'78#B7#KV;#%;#\`$#Dr#B@#FG#Bp#9?9(#$(;8#Kổ<#9(:'*1#
2.6.1 Thanh ghi từ trạng thái ch ơng trình PSW.
5(;'(#*(<#TiW#I7#$(;'(#*(<#,#C<$1#_#9ũ'*#9ò'#KV)9#94<#'(V#I7#$(;'(#*(<#9]1#Nc9#
FW#$(;'(#*(<#TiW#%`'*#,#C<$#'(V'*#9(e#9_#w#C<$#KV)9#, /#DE#FG'*1#t;<#C<$#9(V;#
FW'*#I7#9?9#9]#9(#'*V]<#FW'*#Kd'(#'*(ĩ;1#2r'#$%4'*#Dr#9?9#9]#KV)9#*|<#I7#9?9#9]#9_#
K#g<J'^#9_#'*(ĩ;#I7#9(:'*#C?4#\`$#Dr#K#g<J'#F4#gf$#q>M#9A;#\`$#IJ'(#B{;#KV)9#
$(ự9#(<J'1#2r'#9]#'78#I7#9]#'(H#SY#k9;%%8n^#9]#QS#k;>q<I<;%8#9;%8n^#9]#9(ẵ'#Iẻ#T#
k";%<$8n#B7#9]#$%7'#OP#k4Ba%mI4wn1#
(V#'(&'#$(Y8#${#(&'(#014#$(&#9?9#C<$#TiW1v#B7#TiW14#KV)9#*?'#'(V#yi-#B7#yi/#B7#

Dr#Iẻ#9?9#C<$#\`$1#
41#S]#9(7'#OPh#S]#'78#KV)9#$(<f$#I!"#\ỗ<#g(<#gf$#q>M#9A;#\`$#"(}"#$@'(#Dr#9_#FY>#q>?#
IH'#$[4#%;#C<$#C!9#9;4#I7\#$%7'#C<$#FY>1#(&'#9(>'*#9]#'(H#KV)9#FW'*#KX#"(?$#(<J'#
Iỗ<#$%4'*#9?9#"(}"#Dr#(|9#g(Z'*#FY>1#Sò'#9]#$%7'#KV)9#FW'*#9(e#KX#"(?$#(<J'#Iỗ<#
$%4'*#9?9#"(}"#Dr#(|9#9_#FY>#B7#KV)9#C7'#gx#ở#9(VL'*#w1#
2.6.2 Lệnh ADD và PSW.
2â8#*<]#$;#q}$#$?9#K`'*#9A;#IJ'(#QRR#I3'#9?9#C<$#SY^#QS#B7#T#9A;#$(;'(#*(<#TiW1#
N`$#Dr#B@#FG#Ds#I7\#%õ#$%['*#$(?<#9A;#9(:'*^#\c9#FW#9?9#C<$#9]#Cd#$?9#K`'*#Cở<#IJ'(#
QRR#I7#SY^#T^#QS#B7#OP#'(V'*#$;#9(e#$!"#$%>'*#B74#9?9#9]#SY^#QS#B7#T^#9ò'#9]#
OP#Ds#KV)9#'_<#Kf'#ở#9(VL'*#w#B&#'_#I<3'#q>;'#Kf'#"(}"#$@'(#Dr#(|9#Dr#9_#FY>1##
CY

AC

F0

OV

P

-

RS1

RS0

S?9#B@#FG#010#Kf'#014#Ds#"(M'#?'(#$?9#K`'*#9A;#IJ'(#QRR#I3'#9?9#C<$#'_<#$%3'1#
B¶ng 2.1:#S?9#IJ'(#$?9#K`'*#I3'#9?9#C<$#9]1#
VÝ dô 2.2:#tu8#$%&'(#C78#$%['*#$(?<#9?9#C<$#9]#SY^#QS#B7#T#D;>#IJ'(#9`'*#v,t#BH<#
0Ft#FVH<#K©8h#

##
S]#SY#=#/#B&#9_#'(H#${#C<$#Rj#
S]#QS#=#-#B&#g(Z'*#9_#'(H#${#Rv#D;'*#R4#
S]#T#=#-#B&#Dr#C<$#/#$%4'*#Q#I7#4#k9(½'n#
#
Instruction CY OV AC
ADD X X X
ADDC X X X
SUBB X X X
MUL 0 X
DIV 0 X
DA X
RRC X
RLC X
SETB C 1
CLR C 0
CPL C X
ANL C, bit X
ANL C,/ bit X
ORL C, bit X
ORL C,/bit X
MOV C, bit X
CJNE

X
01j#S?9#Că'*#$(;'(#*(<#B7#'*ă'#qf"#9A;#, /1#
2`#B<#K#g(<X'#, /#9_#$Y$#9M#/0,#C8$a#yQN1#5%4'*#\G9#'78#$;#C7'#BJ#"(â'#Cr#

RAM đánh địa
chỉ theo bit
RAM băng nhớ
(Seratch Pad)
#
##
Hình 2.5:#*ă'#qf"#9?9#$(;'(#'(H#yQN#$%4'*#, /1#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
00 07 08 0F10 1718 1F 20 2F 3
0 7F

Băng0 Băng3

R7

R6

R5

R5

R4

R3

R2

R1

F

E

D

C

B

A

9

R0

8

R7

R7

R6

R5

R4

R3

R2

R1

1F

1E

1D

1C

1B

1A

19

R0

*ă'#'(H#.#9A;#yQN#9_#*<?#$%d#/0t#
#
2.6.3 Băng thanh ghi mặc định.
f>#9?9#'*ă'#'(H# #Kf'#/F#KV)9#F7'(#%<3'*#9(4#Cr'#Că'*#$(;'(#*(<^#B!8#Că'*#
$(;'(#*(<#y-#Kf'#yj#'74#$;#"(M<#$%>8#9!"#$H<#g(<#, /#KV)9#9Y"#'*>ồ'?#Sâ>#$%M#I]<#I7#
9?9#Că'*#$(;'(#*(<#-1#~_#I7#9?9#'*ă'#'(H#yQN#Dr#-^#/^#0^#v^#4^#.^#w#B7#j#KV)9#$%>8#
9!"#BH<#$3'#y-^#y/^#y0^#yv^#y4^#y.^#yw#B7#yj#g(<#I!"#$%&'(#, /1#_#Fễ#F7'*#(L'#
'(#g(<#$(;\#9(<f>#9?9#'*ă'#'(H#yQN#'78#LB@#9?9#$3'#y-^#y/#B1B111#(L'#I7#Dr#Bd#
$%@#9A;#9?9#'*ă'#'(H1#P@#FG#01w#I7\#%õ#g(?<#'<J\#'781#
Ví dụ 2.6:
tu8#B<f$#I[<#9(VL'*#$%&'(#ở#B@#FG#01.#DE#FG'*#9?9#Kd;#9(e#yQN#$(;8#$3'#9?9#$(;'(#
*(<1#
Lời giải:
~â8#KV)9#*|<#I7#9(f#K`#K?'(#Kd;#9(e#$%ự9#$<f"#B7#DE#FG'*#Kd;#9(e#9?9#Bd#$%@#'*ă'#'(H#
yQN#Kr<#BH<#Kd;#9(e#K@9(1#Xa\#9(<#$<f$#ở#9(VL'*#.#Bp#9(f#K`#K?'(#Kd;#9(e1#
MOV 00, #99H ; Nạp thanh ghi R0 giá trị 99H
MOV 01, #85H ; Nạp thanh ghi R1 giá trị 85H
MOV 02, #3FH ; Nạp thanh ghi R2 giá trị 3FH
MOV 07, #63H ; Nạp thanh ghi R7giá trị 63H
MOV 05, #12H ; Nạp thanh ghi R5 giá trị12H
#
2.6.4 Chuyển mạch các băng thanh ghi nh thế nào?
(V#Ku#'_<#ở#$%3'^#Că'*#$(;'(#*(<#-#I7#\c9#Kd'(#g(<#, /#KV)9#9Y"#'*>ồ'1#S(:'*#$;#
9_#$(X#9(>8X'#\[9(#D;'*#9?9#Că'*#$(;'(#*(<#g(?9#Cằ'*#9?9(#DE#FG'*#C<$#Rv#B7#R4#
9A;#$(;'(#*(<#TiW#'(V#9(e#%;#$(a4#CM'*#0101#
Bảng 2.2:#2<$#Iự;#9(|'#9?9#Că'*#$(;'(#*(<#yi-#B7#yi/1#
RS1 (PSW.4) RS0 (PSW.3)
Băng 0 0 0
Băng 1 0 1
Băng 2 1 0

2.6.6 Cách truy cập các ngăn xếp trong 8051.
f>#'*ă'#qf"#I7#\`$#BW'*#9A;#C`#'(H#yQN#$(&#"(M<#9_#9?9#$(;'(#*(<#$%4'*#STU#9(e#
Kf'#'_1#5(;'(#KV)9#FW'*#KX#9(e#Kf'#'*ă'#qf"#KV)9#*|<#I7#$(;'(#*(<#94'#$%z#'*ă'#
qf"#iT#ki$;9g#T4<'$a%n1#S4'#$%z#'*ă'#qf"#$%4'*#, /#9(e#%`'*#,#C<$#9_#'*(ĩ;#I7#'_#9(e#
9_#$(X#9_#$(X#KV)9#9?9#Kd;#9(e#${# #Kf'#FFt1#
K(<#, /#KV)9#9Y"#'*>ồ'#$(&#iT#9(=;#*<?#$%d#-j#9_#'*(ĩ;#I7#'*ă'#'(H#-,#9A;#yQN#I7#
'*ă'#'(H#K6>#$<3'#KV)9#FW'*#9(4#'*ă'#qf"#$%4'*#, /1#P<J9#IV>#I[<#\`$#$(;'(#*(<#
TSU#$%4'*#'*ă'#qf"#KV)9#*|<#I7#\`$#I6'#9Y$#B74#TUit#B7#B<J9#'["#'`<#F>'*#9A;#
'*ă'#qf"#$%ở#I[<#$(;'(#*(<#STU#KV)9#*|<#I7#IY8#%;#TOT1#t;8#'_<#9?9(#g(?9#I7#\`$#
$(;'(#*(<#KV)9#9Y$#B74#'*ă'#qf"#KX#IV>#9Y$#B7#KV)9#IY8#%;#${#'*ă'#qf"#KX#FW'*#$<f"#
9Z'*#B<J9#9A;#iT#I7#%Y$#'*(<3\#'*c$#\ỗ<#g(<#$(;4#$?9#9Y$#B74#kTUitn#B7#IY8#%;#kTOTn#
KV)9#$(ự9#$(<1#~X#C<f$#'*ă'#qf"#I7\#B<J9#'(V#$(f#'74#(u8#q}$#9?9#IJ'(#TUit#B7#TOT#
FVH<#Kâ81#
2.6.7 Cất thanh ghi vào ngăn xếp.
5%4'*#, /#$(&#94'#$%z#'*ă'#qf"#9(e#Kf'#'*ă'#'(H#DE#FG'*#9>r<#9W'*#9A;#'*ă'#qf"1#
K(<#$;#9Y$#F+#I<J>#B74#'*ă'#qf"#$(&#94'#$%z#'*ă'#qf"#iT#KV)9#$ă'*#I3'#/1# V>#b#%ằ'*#
K#'78#Kr<#BH<#9?9#C`#B<#qE#Ib#g(?9#'(;>#I7#g(?9#'(;>^#K?'*#9(:#b#I7#9?9#C`#B<#qE#
Ib##,w#I7#iT#*<M\#q>r'*#g(<#9Y$#F+#I<J>#B74#'*ă'#qf"1#X}$#B@#FG#01,#FVH<#Kâ8^#$;#
$(Y8#%ằ'*#\ỗ<#g(<#IJ'(#TUit#KV)9#$(ự9#(<J'#$(&#'`<#F>'*#9A;#$(;'(#*(<#KV)9#9Y$#B74#
'*ă'#qf"#B7#iT#KV)9#$ă'*#I3'#/1# V>#b#I7#Kr<#BH<#\ỗ<#C8$a#9A;#F+#I<J>#KV)9#9Y$#B74#
'*ă'#qf"#$(&#iT#KV)9#$ă'*#I3'#/#I6'1#Sũ'*#IV>#b#%ằ'*#KX#9Y$#9?9#$(;'(#*(<#B74#'*ă'#
qf"#$;#"(M<#DE#FG'*#Kd;#9(e#yQN#9A;#9(:'*1#P@#FG#IJ'(#TUit#/#I7#9Y$#$(;'(#*(<#
y/#B74#'*ă'#qf"1#
Ví dụ 2.8:
tu8#C<X>#F<ễ'#'*ă'#qf"#B7#94'#$%z#'*ă'#qf"#Kr<#BH<#K4['#9(VL'*#$%&'(#D;>#Kâ81#G<M#
$(<f$#BW'*#'*ă'#qf"#I7#\c9#Kd'(1#
MOV R6, #25H
MOV R1, #12H
MOV R4, #0F3H
PUSH 6

POP 2 ; Lấy ngăn xếp trở lại R2
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Lời giải:

Sau POP3 Sau POP 5 Sau POP 2
0B 54

0B 0B 0B
0A F9

0A F9 0A 0A
09 76

09 76 09 76 09
08 6C

08 6C 08 6C 08 6C
Bắt đầu SP = 0B SP = 0A SP = 09 SP = 08
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2.6.9 Giới hạn trên của ngăn xếp.
(V#Ku#'_<#ở#$%3'^#9?9#'*ă'#'(H#-,#Kf'#/Ft#9A;#yQN#$%4'*#, /#9_#$(X#KV)9#FW'*#
I7\#'*ă'#'(H#0-t#Kf'#0Ft#9A;#yQN#KV)9#Fự#"(ò'*#9(4#C`#'(H#K?'(#Kd;#9(e#KV)9#
$(a4#C<$#B7#g(Z'*#$(X#FW'*#$%VH9#9(4#'*ă'#qf"1#f>#$%4'*#\`$#9(VL'*#$%&'(#Ku#9(4#
$;#96'#'*ă'#qf"#'(#(L'#04#C8$a#k-,#Kf'#/Ft#=#04#C8$an#$(&#$;#9_#$(X#Kổ<#iT#9(e#
Kf'#9?9#'*ă'#'(H#v-#Kf'#jFt1#~#'78#KV)9#$(ự9#(<X'#Cở<#Iẹ'(#NOP#iT^##XX1#
2.6.10 Lệnh gọi CALL và ngăn xếp.
*47<#B<J9#DE#FG'*#'*ă'#qf"#KX#IV>#9Y$#9?9#$(;'(#*(<#$(&#STU#9ũ'*#DE#FG'*#'*ă'#
qf"#KX#IV>#9Y$#$;\#$(]<#Kd;#9(e#9A;#IJ'(#K='*#'*;8#FVH<#IJ'(#SQ 1#~#'78#9(@'(#
I7#KX#TSU#C<f$#9(ỗ#'74#KX#q>;8#$%ở#Bp#$(ự9#(<J'#$<f"#9?9#IJ'(#D;>#g(<#9(|'#9(VL'*#
$%&'(#94'1#S(<#$<f$#Bp#IJ'(#*|<#SQ #KV)9#$%&'(#Co#ở#9(VL'*#v1#

63 63 63
62

62 62 62 F3
61

61 61 12 61 12
60

60 25 60 25 60 25
B¾t ®ÇuSP=5F SP = 60 SP = 61 SP = 62
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