Phan djing
va
phumg phdp
giii
H6a hpc 11 V6 co - D8
Xuan Hung
2NH3
+
3CuO
—^ N2 + 3Cu + 3H2O
* Dieuche:
+ Trong phong thi nghiem :
2NH4CI
+
Ca(OH)2
CaCl2
+ 2NH3T + 2H2O
+ Trong cong nghiep : long hdp
tuT
niW
va
hidro
N2 + 3H2 , '
2NH3.
p
2.
MuG'i
atnoni
(gom cation
NH4
va anion goc axit)

CTCT: H-O-N^^
* Tinh chat ho a hoc :
+ Tinh axit: Lam quy tim
h6a
do, tac dung vdi oxit
bazcf,
bazd, muoi cua axit
yeu hdn tao ra muoi nitrat.
+ Tinh oxi hoa :
- Tac dung vdi kim loai (trir Au va Pt)
Cu + 4HN03j.^. > Cu(N03)2 + 2NO2 t + 2H2O
Chu y : Fe va Al bj thu dong hoa trong dung dich
HNO3
dac, nguoi.
- Tac dung vdi phi kim :
S + 6HN03j.^, >
H2SO4
+
6NO2T
+
2H2O
- Tac dung vdi hdp cha't:
3H2S +
2HN03,,,,„^
> 3S + 2NO + 4H2O
* Dieu che :
+ Trong phong thi nghiem :
NaN03 +
H2SO4 HNO3
+ NaHS04

mau nau do.
3Cu +
8H^
+
2NO3
3Cu^^ + 2N0t +
4H2O
(dung dich mau xanh)
2NO
+
O2 > 2NO2
(mau nau do).
IV.
PHOTPHO 1s2 2s2
2p*3s^3p*
* Tinh chat hoa hoc:
+ Tinh oxi hoa : 2P + 3Ca CajPj (canxi photphua)
+
Tinhkhuf:
- Vdi oxi:
4P+302dhii<u)
—^ 2P,03
4P
+502(d.)
—^
2P2O5
- Vdiclo: 2P +
3Cl2(,hic<u)
—^
2PCI3

MUOI
PHOTPHAT
+5
1. Axitphotphoric(H3P04)
H-0
^ H-0 ^
CTCT:
H-0-P=0
hoSc
H-0-P->0
H-0
^ H-0 ^
*
Tinh
chat
hoa
hoc:
+
H3PO4
la axit ba nac, c6 do manh trung
binh.
+
Tac dung
vdti
dung dich kiem
(tiiy
theo
lu'dng
chat tac dung), ma tao
ra

Trong phong thi nghiem:
P +
5HNO3
(dac)
H3PO4
+
5NO2
+
H2O
+
Trong cong nghiep:
Ca3(P04)2
+
3H2S04(d^c)2H3P04
+ 3CaS04i
Bi
dieu che'
H3PO4
c6 dp
tinh
khie't va nong do cao hdn.
4P
+ 5O2
2P2O5
P2O5
+
3H2O
>2H3P04.
2.
Mud'i

(PO4")
DCing
bac nitrat ^ ket tua
raau
vang.
3Ag^
+
PO4"
>
Ag3P04i
(mau vang).
VI.
PHAN
BON HOA HQC
1.
Phan
dam :+ phan dam amoni:
NH4CI
)
+
phan dam nitrat:
NaN03
+
ure:(NH2)2CO
2.
Phan
ISn : +
supephotphat
+
phan Ian nung chay

BAI TAP
MAU
VA
BAI
TAP NANG CAO
Bai
1-
a)
N6u
mot so hdp cha't trong
do
nitd
va
photpho c6 so oxi hoa -3, +3, +5.
b)
Hay
diTa
ra
nhi^ng
phan
uTng
da hoc c6
siT
tham gia
ciia
ddn chat photpho, trong
d6 so oxi hoa cua photpho tang, giam.
Gidi
a)
MOt

b)
Phan
tfng trong do so
oxi
hoa
ciia
P tang :
0
„ +5
4P
+ 5O2 ——>
2P2O,
Phan
tfng trong do so
oxi
hoa cua P giam:
3Ca+ 2P —^
Ca3P2.
Bai
2.
a)
Nguyen to
nitd
c6 so oxi hoa la bao nhieu trong
cac
hdp chat sau : NO,
NO2,
NH3,
N2O,
NH4CI,

^ai
3. Tir khong
khi,
nirdc,
KCl,
CaCOj. Hay vie't cac phi^dng
trinh
phan ilng
can thiet de dieu che c^c chat sau
:
NH4CI,
KNO3,
NH4NO3,
Ca(N03)2.
63
'han
dgng
va
phuong
phip
gi5i
H6a hgc 11 V6
ca
-
D5
Xuan
Hung
Gidi
Hoa long khong khi, sau do chiTng ca't
phan doan

6H2O
2N0
+
O2
>
2NO2
4NO2
+
O2
+
2H2O
—>
4HNO3
KOH
+
HNO3
>KN03
+ H20
•
NH3
+
HNO3
>NH4N03
•
CaCOj CaO +
CO2
CaO +
2HNO3
> Ca(N03)2 +
H2O

+
2H2O
NO
(nitcJ
oxit):
3Cu
+
8HNO3
—^
3Cu(N03)2
+ 2N0 +
4H2O
hoac
4NH3
+
5O2
4N0 +
6H2O
*=
NO2
nitd
dioxit:
CU
+
4HNO3
d^c
m^ng
>
CU(N03)2
+ 2N02 +

P2O5
trong binh kin.
2HNO3
+
P2O5
—>
N2O5
+
2HPO3
(axit metaphotphoric)
hoac
cho clo tdc dung vdi AgNGj (60"C):
54
2AgN03 +
CI2
N2O5
+ 2AgCl + io^.
Bai
5. Hoa tan
CU2S
trong
H2SO4
dac nong
diTtlc
dung dich A va khi B. B Ikm mat
mau nxidc brom, cho
NH3
tac dung vdi dung dich A tdi du". Hoi c6 hien tu'dng gi
xay ra.
Viet

>
H2SO4
+
2HBr
Dung dich A la
CUSO4.
CUSO4
+
2NH3
+
2H2O
>
Cu(0H)2i
+ (NH4)2S04
Cu(0H)2
+
4NH3
>
[Cu(NH3)4](OH)2
(dung dich xanh tham)
Cu'*
+ 4NH3
>[Cu(NH3)4]^
Bai
6.
a)
TCf
hidro, clo, nitcJ va cac hoa
chat
can thiet, hay viet cac phifdng trinh hoa hoc

dam
NH4NO3:
KhSngkhi-^^N2
^
pMn
do,„
Xjct^
NO NO2
PI O _ dign ph5n ^ >^ P xt, t
+
O:
+
H:0
NH.,
NH4NO.,
HNO
i
Bai 7.
Viet
phuttng trinh
phan
iJng nhiet
phan
cac muoi sau :
(NH4)2C03,
NH4NO3,
(NH4)2S04,
KNO3,
Fe(N03)3, AgN03.
65

^O^
AgNOj Ag
+
NO2
+
^02.
Bui
8.
a) Ngi/di
la
san
xuat supcphotphat
ddn
va
supepholphat
kcp
tijf
qusing pirit
va
apatit
CO
lhanh phan chinh
la
Ca3(P04)2. Viel
cac
phifdng trinh phan ifng
xay
ra.
b)
Hay

O2
2SO3
S03
+
H20^
>H2S04
Ca3(P04)2
+
2H2S04da.
>Ca(H:P04)2
+
2CaS04i
(supepholphat ddn)
Ca3(P04)2
+
3H2SO4
>
2H3PO4
+
3CaS04>l'
Ca3(P04)2
+
4H3PO4
>
3Ca(H2P04)2
(supepholphat kep)
b)
Cac
muoi
NH4NO3,

lam
tang H"" trong
dat
(nghia
la lam giam pH)
do
do
do
chua
cua dat
tSng len.
66
Dang
2.
-
Viet
sd do
plian
(ing
-
Bo
tCic
va
hodn
tlianii
pini/oing
trinh
BAI
TAP IVlAU
IJai 1. Hoiin thiinh

NH4NO3;
D : N.O
(1)
NH3
+
H2O-> NH4OH
(2)
NH4OH
+ HCl
>
NH4CI
+
H2O
(3) NH4Cl
+
NaOH
>
NaCl
+
NH3T
+
H2O
(4)
NH3
+
HNO3
>
NH4NO3
(5)
NH4NO3

2HNO3
—>
Cu(N03)2
+
2H2O
(5)
Cu(N03)2 CuO
+
2NO2
+
-O2
2
(6)
CuO
+
Hj
^>
Cu
+
H2O
(7)
Cu +
CI2
-
—>
CuCb.
Bai
2. Lap
piiiAJng Irinh
hoa

P2S5
P
+
Mg
>
Mg3P2
P +
KCIO3
>
P2O5
+ KCl.
67
Phan
d?ng va
phuang
phap
giai
H6a hqc 11 VP ca - 05
Xuan
Hung
Gidi
0
0
4P
+ —
->
2R,05
P
linh
khur

3%0, +
5KC1
P-
tinh
khu".
Bai 3. Cho
quang
cancopirit
(CuFeS2)
tac
dung
vdi
dung
dich
HNO3
vuTa du, thu
du'dc
khi A
khong
mau, sau do khi nay
bien
thanh
mau nau
trong
khong
khi
va
dung
dich
B.

trinh
hda hoc xay ra.
Gidi
3CuFeS2
+ 32HNO3 -» 3Cu(N03)2 + 3Fe(N03)3 + 17N0 +
6H2SO4
+ IOH2O
* Khi A: NO
2N0
+ O2 > 2NO2
*
Dung-dich
B :
Cu(N03)2.
Fe(N03)3,
H2SO4
- Phan I: Cu(N03)2 + 4NH3 >
[Cu(NH3)4](N03)2
(tan)
Fe(N03)3
+ 3NH3 + 3H20- > Fe(OH)34 + 3NH4NO3
H2SO4
+ 2NH3 > (NH4)2S04
- Phan II:
H2SO4
+
BaClj
>
BaS04i
+

+ I5H2O
d) 4Zn + IOHNO3
>
4Zn(N03)2 + NH4NO3 + 3H2O
e) 3FeO + IOHNO3 > 3Fe(N03)3 + NOT + SH.O
g) 3Fe304 + 28HNO3 > 9Fe(N03)3 + NOT + MHjO
h)
H2PO4 + OH- > HPO^ + H2O
i) HPO4" + > H2PO4 .
Bai 5. Viet
phiTdng
Irinh
phan
uTng
thifc
hicn
day
bien
hoa sau :
a)
Quang
photphorit
->
P(,r,ing)
Ca3P2 PH3
P2O5
H3PO4 —
Phan
supephotphat
kep <-

Ca3(P04)2 + 5C + 3Si02 ) 3CaSi03 + 2P + 5C0
(A) •
2P + 3Ca Ca3P2 (B)
Ca3P2 +
6HC1
>
3CaCl2
+ 2PH3T (C)
PH3 + 2O2 H3PO4 (D).
c)
Quang
apatit:
3Ca3(P04)2.CaF2
3Ca3(P04)2.CaF2 + IOH2SO4 > l()CaS04i + 6H3PO4 + 2HF
H3PO4 + Ca(0H)2
>
CaHP04 + 2H2O
2CaHP04
+ Ca(OH)2 > Ca3(P04)2 + 2H2O
Ca3(P04)2 + 3Si02 + 5C
>
3CaSi03 + SCO + 2P
69
PhSn d^ng phuang ph^p giai Hoa hqc 11 Vfl
CO
-
D5
Xuan Hang
p ng^mg til p
»

Gahi,
(^"f^"""
H -^^§2"^
K,,HO
Bicl
rang phan
tii^
D gom C, H, O, N vdi ti Ic
khoi
lifting
lu'cing
u'ng la 3
:
7 vii
trong
phan
tiV
chi c6 hai
ngiiycn
li'r
nit(J.
Dat
CTTQ cua D :
C,H>0,N,.
Ta c6 :
x:y:z:l=——
: — =
0,25:1:0,25:0,5
=
1:4:1:2

+ CO,! + H2O
(7) : (NH4)2C03 + 2NaOH >
NiXjCOi
+
2NH3
+ 2H2O
(K)
Bai 7. Lap cac
phiTiIng
trinh
hoa hoc sau :
a) H3PO4 + K2HPO4 > b) H3PO4 + Ca(0H)2 >
1
mol 1 mol 2
niol
3 mol
70
c) NH3
j>f
+ CI2 > NH4CI + d)
(NH4)3P04
—> H3PO4 +
e) H3PO4 + Ca(OH)2 > g) NH3 + CI. > N, +
2 mol 1 mol h) NH3 + CH3COOH >
Gidi
a) H3PO4 + K2HPO4 > 2KH2PO4
1
mol 1 mol
b) 2H3PO4 + 3Ca(OH)2 >
Ca3(P04)2

A
(3)
> B,
15)
\ira
A4
^ C
^NznCl
(DH
Vein l.,m:i)
Gidi
A
: Zn(0H)2 B :
[Zn{NH3)4|(OH)2
C : Na:Zn02
(1) : Zn + Cl2
>ZnCl2
(2) : ZnCl2 + 2NH3 + 2H20—^.Zn(0H)2i +
2NH,Cl
(A)
(3) : ZnCl2 + 6NH3 + 2H2O > (Zn(NH3)4|(OH)2 + 2NH4CI
(B)
(4) : |Zn(NH3)4](OH)2 + 6HC1 >
ZnCU
+ 4NH4CI + 2H2O
(5) : ZnCl2 + 2NaOH >
ZnlOH),!
+ 2NaCl
(6) : Zn(OH)2 + 2NaOH —>
Na2Zn02

djch A va khi B. A lao lhanh kcl
liia
Hang V('li BaCI;, dc
lu)ng
khoivj.
7i
Phan
d?ng
va
phuang
ph^p giai H6a hqc 11 VP co - D5
Xuan
Hang
khi,
B chuyen thanh khi mau niiu B,. Cho dung djch A tac dung vdi dung
dich
NH3
tao ra dung djch A, va kcl tiia
A2.
Nung
A2
d nhict do cao difOc
chat ran
A3.
Vie't cac phifdng trinh phan iJng dang phiin
ttir
va dang ion.
Gidi
a) * Vdi dung dich
NH3:

phiJc tan
ZnCl2 +
2NH3
+ 2H2O >
Zn(0H)2i
+ 2NH4CI
Zn(OH)2
+ 4NH3 >
[Zn(NH3)4](OH)2
philc tan
* Vdi dung dich NaOH : c6 the dung NaOH de dieu che bon hidroxit tren,
rieng
Zn(0H)2
va
A1(0H)3
can dung NaOH vifa du.
b)
3FeS
+
3CU2S
+
28HNO3—>
3Fe(N03)3
+ 6CUSO4 + 19N0 + I4H2O
Phufcfng trinh ion rut gon :
3FeS +
3CU2S
+ 28H^ +
19NO3
—^ 3Fc'" + 6Cu'^ + 19N0 + I4H2O

_/"^ '''' ''''' ^ ^ '^'^'"''^^^
' M 4^ NO ^ NO,
YNH4NO3
Hay viet phiTdng trinh hoa hoc cua cac phan iJng trong
sO
do chuyen hoa tren.
Gidi
(1)
N2
+
02^=5^2NO
X:02
72
KHAIgG VIET
(2) 2NO + O2 >
2NO2
Y : HNO3
(3)
4NO2
+ O2 + 2H2O > 4HNO3
(4) 2HNO3 + CaO
>
Ca(N03)2 + H2O Z : CaO
(5) N2 + 3H2 . "'p'" '
2NH3
M : NH3
(6)
4NH3
+ 5O2 4N0 + 6H2O
(7) 2NO + O2 >

(4) 5O2 + 4P
2P2O5
(5)
P2O5
+
3H2O
> 2H3PO4
(6) H3PO4 + 3NaOH > Na3P04 + SH.Q
(7)
Na3P04 + 3AgN03
>
Ag3P04i + 3NaN03
(8) NH3 + H3PO4 > NH4H2PO4
(9)
NH4H2PO4 + NH3 >
(NH4)2HP04
(10) (NH4)2HP04 +
NH3
>
(NH4)3P04
(11)
2(NH4)3P04
+
3Ca(OH)2 >
Ca3(P04)2 +
6NH3
+ 6H2O.
^^ai 2. Lap phiTOng trinh hoa hoc cua cac phan iJng oxi hoa
khu"
sau :

-> I2 + 2e
N + Ic-
+2
-> N
b) Fcs' + 5HNO3 + 3HC1 >
FCCI3
+ 2H2SO4 +
5N0+
2H2O
+2
Fc
-1
2S
+3
-> Fe + le
S + 14c
+ 3 +h
1 X
FcSj
-> Fe + 2S + 15e
+2
5 X
N
+3c > N
c) 19Zn +
48HNO3
—>
19Zn(NO3)2+2N2O
+ 2NO +
2NH4NO3+20H2O

N +3e
+2
-> N
c) 8P + IONH4CIO4 > 8H3PO4 + 5N2 + 5CI2 + 8H2O
1) 8A1 +
3NaN03
+
21NaOH
>
8Na3kl03
+ 3NH3 + 6H2O
(1 +5 +3 0
g)
lOFe
+• 6KNO3 >
5Fe203
+ SNj + 3K2O.
Bai 3. Cho NO2 lac
dung
vdi
dung
djch
KOH dir. Sau do lay
dung
djch
ihu
di/dc
cho tac
dung
\6i Zn

hicn
cac sd do
chuyen
hoa sau
„ NH, ^ A,„,„ NH, C
i^
D ^ E
+NaOH
H„^,„ ^ G
b)
H,P04<
P^:^ ~^ ^^^^
Ba3(P04)2
PH3
c) NH4NO2 N2 -> NO -> NO2 -> HNO, ->
H,P04
->
(NH4).,P04
AUNOj),
AI2O3 -»
NaA102
Gidi
a) 2NH3 + 3CuO ^ N2 + 3Cu + 3H2O
(A)
N2 + 3H2 . • 2NH,
1". p
4NH3 + 5O2 4N0 + 6H2O
(C)
2N0 + O2 >
2NO2

5HNO3
+ P >
H3PO4
+ 5NO2 + H2O
H3PO4
+
3NH3
>
(NH4)3P04
Al + 4HNO3 > A1(N03)3 + NO + 2H2O
2A1(N03)3
AI2O3 + 6NO2 + -O2
2
AI2O3 + 2NaOH > 2NaA102 + H.O.
Itai 5. Cho sd do
chuyen
hoa sau :
. +ddHN0.,(l) A t° A
-"NHg.t"
^ A
+ddHCU02
, A
-^ddNaOH
A
->-ddNH;,
.
+ddH2S(2)
(4)+A,,t"
A3 A5
Viet

|Cu(NH3)4](OH)2
(1) 3Cu + 8HNO3 loang >
3Cu(N03)2
+ 2NO + 4H2O
(2)
Cu(N03)2
+ H2S >
CuSi
+
2HNO3
(3)
Cu(N03)2
CuO + 2NO2T + ^O.t
(4) CuO + Cu -A CU2O
(5)
3CuO + 2NH3 3Cu + N2 + 3H2O
(6)
2Cu + 4HC1 + O2 >
2CuCl2
+ 2H2O
(7)
CUCI2
+ 2NaOH > Cu(0H)2i + 2NaCl
(8)
Cu(0H)2 + 4NH3 >
[Cu(NH3)4](0H)2.
iai 6,
Hoan
thanh cac
phU'dng

b)
Fe.Oy
+ HNO3 >
Fe(N03)3
+ NOj + H.O
Fe,Oy
+ (6x -
2y)HN03
>
xFe(N03)3
+ (3x -
2y)N02
+ (3x - y)H20
c) 8M +
lOnHNOj
>
8M(N03)„
+ nN.O + 5nH20
d) Zn+ HNO3 >
Zn(N03)2
+ NjO + NO +
NH^NO,
+ H2O
19Zn
+,48HN03
>
19Zn(N03)2
+ 2N2O + 2NO + 2NH4NO3 + 2OH2O
+8/3 +5 +3
+2y/x

2x)Fe(N03)3
+ (20 -
4x)H2S04
+
+
15N2O,
+ (10-x)H2O
+7 -3 +2 +5
h)
KMnO^
+ PH3 +
H2SO4
>
K2SO4
+
MnSO^
+ H3PO4 + H2O
8KMn04
+ 5PH3 + I2H2SO4 > 4K2SO4 +
8MnS04
+ 5H3PO4 + I2H2O.
Bai7.
a)
Viet
hai
phiTdng
trinh
phan
tfng
chiJng

(X2): mau do; hon hdp khi mau nau do; M la kim
loai.
Gidi
a)
Muoi
nitrat
dong
vai tro
cha't
oxi hoa :
*
Trong
moi
triTdng
axit:
Cu +
2NaN03
+ 4HC1 >
CUCI2
+ 2NO2T +
2NaCl
+ 2H2O
77
Phan
dgng vk phuong ph^p giai H6a hpc 11 V6 cO - B5
XuSn
Hifng
* Trong moi IriTcJng bazd
:
8A1 +

Cu
+
H2O
(3)
Cu
+
2FCCI3
>
2FeCl2
+
CuCb
(4)
4NO2
+
O2
+
2H2O
>
4HNO3
(5)
4HNO3
+
3Ag
>
3AgN03
+
NO
+
2H2O
(6)

E(khi)
B
+
CaO
>F
C +
HNO3
> D + B + G
G CuO
+ E +
O2
F +
HNO3
>
Ca(N03)2
+
B.
Gidi
A : N2
B :
H2O
C
: Cu
D :
NO
E : NO2
F
:
Ca(0H)2
G

+
2NO2
+
Ca(0H)2
+
2HNO3
>
Ca(N03)2
+
2H2O.
78
jTgna
3.
- Nhgn biet va
tach
chdt
-
Tinh
Che
cac
chdt
BAI
TAP MAU VA BAI TAP AP DUNG
Lifti y :
Da'u hieu nhan bie't mot so cha't:
* Khi
NH3
: dung quy tim am -> hoa xanh.
* Ion
NH4

va
(NH4)2S04. Viet phu-dng Irinh hoa hoc cua cac phan iJng
da
diing.
Giai
* Cho dung dich
Ba(0H)2
Ian lU'tft vao bo'n mau ihuf tren.
- Mau Na2S04
CO
ket tua trang xuat hien
Na2S04
+
Ba(0H)2
>
BaS04i
+
2NaOH
(trang)
- Mau VLfa c6 khi miii khai, vtfa c6 kd't tija trang
la
(NH4)2S04
(NH4)2S04
+
Ba(0H)2
>
BaS04^
+
2NH3t
+

a) Dun nong dung dich hoi lau.
b) Them mot so moi HCi b^ng so moi
NH3
c6 trong dung dich A.
c) Them mot it NajCOj.
d) Them
AICI3
tdi
dif.
Gidi
Dung dich
NH3
c6
tinh bazrf
yeu nen khi cho mot it
cha't
chi thi
phenolphetalein vao thi dung dich A c6 mau hong,
a) Khi dun nong dung dich
A
hoi lau thi mau hong nhat dan den khi mat hin
(lijc pH = 7).
'
79
Phan
d^fig va
phuong
ph&p
giai
H6a hgc 11 V6 cd - Pg

(NH4)2S04
+ Ba(OH)2 > BaS04^ +
2NH3T
+ 2H2O
(tr^ng)
- Mau thur xua'l hien ket tua tr^ng la MgCl2.
Ba(0H)2 + MgCl2 >
Mg(OH)24
+ BaCh
(tdng)
- Mau thijr CO ket tda tr^ng xanh h6a nau ngoai khong khi l£l
FeCl2.
Ba(0H)2 + FeCl2 > Fe(0H)2>l' + BaCl2
4Fe(OH)2
+
O2
+
H2O
>
4Fe(OH)3i
- Mau thur
CO
ket tua nau do Ih FeCb.
3Ba(OH)2 + 2FeCl3
>
2Fe(OH)3^
+ 3BaCl2
- Mau thur
CO
ket tiia keo tr^ng tan trong

HCl.
AgNOj + HCl
>
AgCli + HNO3
* Cho khi nitd c6 Ian tap chat hidro sunfua vao dung dich
Pb(N03)2
tha'y c6 ket
tua mau den xuat hien chiJng to c6
H2S.
Pb(N03)2 + H2S
>
PbSi + 2HNO3.
Bai 5.
a) Co nam binh difng rieng biet nam khi:
N2,
O2,
NH3,
CI2
va
CO2.
Hay diTa ra
mot thi nghiem ddn gian de nhan ra binh diTng khi
NH3.
b) Trinh bay phu'dng phiip hoa hoc de phan biet cac mau phan dam : amoni
sunfat, amoni clorua, natri nitrat. Viet phiTdng trinh hoa hoc cua cac phan
(Jng da diing.
Gidi
a)
Cho quy lim am Ian lurdt vao nam binh diTng nam khi tren, binh nao lam cho
quy tim am chuyen sang mau xanh thi do la binh diTng khi

Cu + 4HNO3 dac > Cu(N03)2 + 2N02t + 2H2O
- Ong nao
CO
dung djch mau xanh lam tao ra la ong diTng AgNOs.
Cu +
2AgN03
>
Cu(N03)2 + 2Ag
- Con lai la HCl, KCl, KOH.
* Cho Mg Ian liTdt vho ba ong nghi?m c6n lai.
- Ong nao c6 hien tiTdng sui bot khi la HCl.
Mg + 2HC1 > MgCl2 + H2T •
- Cho Al vao hai mau c6n lai Ik KCI v^ KOH, ong n^o c6 hi$n tiTdng sfii bot
khi la KOH.
2A1 + 2K0H + 2H2O > 2KAIO2 + 3H2
CbnlaiiaKCl.
f
81
Phan djng
va
phuong phAp
giai
H6a hpc 11 VP ca ^D6
Xuan Hang
. -
Bai 7. Kim loai Cu thtfdng c6 Ian mot It Ag
iiim
loai. Hay tnnh bay hai
phufcJng
phap dieu chd' CuCNOs):

Cu +
2AgN03
>
Cu(N03)2
+ 2Agi
Loc ket tua thu
diTcJc
Cu(N03)2
tinh
khiet.
* PhiTdng ph^p 2 : Dem hon hdp Cu c6 Ian Ag dot
chay
thi chi c6 Cu
chay
2Cu + 02-^
2CuO
Hon
hdp sau khi
chay
gom Ag va CuO, cho dung dich HCl vao thi CuO tan
trong HCl c6n lai Ag khong tan.
CuO + 2HC1 > CuCh + H2O
LOG
bo ket tua Ag sau 66 cho dung dich AgNOs vao thu du^dc dung dich
Cu(N03)2
va ket tua trang AgCl.
CuCl2 +
2AgN03
>
Cu(N03)2

2N0 + O2 >
2NO2
- Mau CO khi mui h^c thoit ra, c6 dung dich xanh lam tao ra la dung djch
H2SO4
dac.
Cu +
2H2S04dr.c
CUSO4 +
SOit
+
2H2O
Con lai la HCl va
H3PO4.
* Cho dung dich AgNOs vao hai hi thuf con lai.
- Mau nao co ket tiia trang / '
Mat
Men la HCl.
HCl
+ AgNOj >AgCl-! 03
82
Mau
CO
kc't tua vang
Ag3P04
la
H3PO4.
H3PO4
+
3AgN03
—^

+
3H2t
Zn
+ 2HC1 >
ZnCl2
+ Hjt
- Sau do cho tiep dung dich NH3 Ian
lu'dt
den
du"
vao hai dung dich thu du'dc :
Dung dich nao cho ket tua va khong tan trong dung dich NH3 diT la mau Cu - AI.
AICI3 +
3NH3
+
3H2O
>
Al(0H)3i
+
3NH4CI
Dung dich nao cho ke't tua va tan dan trong dung dich NH3 dtfla mau Cu - Zn.
ZnCl2
+
2NH3
+
2H2O
>
Zn(0H)2i
+
2NH4CI

CaO +
C02t.
83
Bai 11. Co
bo'n
goi hot mau
Ir^ng
: BaO, K2O,
Si02,
P2OS. Chi dung
niTdc
hay
nhan
bicl bon goi bot
Iren.
Gidi
* Cho bo'n goi bot vao bo'n co'c.
* SaudochonU'dclaniirmvaoboncoc.
Coc nao khong tan lii Si02.
Ba coc con isii tan tao thanh ba dung dich Ba(0H)2, KOH, H3PO4.
BaO+
H2O
>Ba(OH)2
K2O+ H2O >2K0H
P2O5
+ 3H2O > 2H3PO4
* Tron cac dung djch thu diTdc vdi nhau tuTng d6i mot.
Mau nao c6 ke'l tua thi mau axit la H2PO4,
m?iu
dung dich bazd la

NH;
+
OH"
>
NH3t
+
H2O
- Tha'y tao thtlnh ket lua keo trang tan trong OH'
dxX
thi
do
la
ion Al^"".
Al'*
+
30H-
>
Al(0H)3l
A1(0H)3
+ OH" > AlO" + 2H2O
Hai ion c6n lai la NO
J
v^ CI".
* Cho dung dich H2SO4 loang v^o dung dich, sau do cho them mot it vun dong
v^o tha'y c6 khi NO bay ra khong mau hoa nau ngoai khong khi 1^ ion
NO3
.
3Cu + 8H* + 2NO3- > Cu^* + 2N0t + 4H2O
2N0 + O2 >
2NO2

ncuOd.r
= 0,2-0,03 = 0,17mol
3 2
Vay hh ran X gdm: CuO
diT:
0,17 mol va Cu: 0,03 mol
0,03.64
%Cu =
100%
= 12,37%
0,17.80 + 0,03.64
%CuOd„=
100% - 12,37% =
87,63%
Bai 2. Can la'y bao nhieu lit khi nittt va khi hidro dc dieu chc difdc 67,2 lil khi
amoniac. Biet rang the tich cua cac khi deu du'dc do trong ciing dieu kicMi
nhi^t do, ap sua't va hieu suat cua phan uTng la 25%.
Giai
N2 + 3H2 :
1 lit 3 lit
33,6 lit 100,8 lit
Vi hieu suat phan uTng la 25% :
100
2NH3
2 lit
67,2 lil
100
VN
=33,6.—= 134,4
(lit);

Nong do mol cac muo'i Irong dung djch sau
phiin
ifng
:
CM
, ,C>,
- = = KM) ;
^
= £ = M ^ 0,5 (M)
Vj,^
=0,4.22,4 = 8,96
(lit).
15ai 4. Hon hdp khi X gom Ni vii
H2
c6 ti khoi so vcJi He
bang
1,8. Dun nong X
mot
tluti
gian trong binh kin (c6 hot Fe lam xuc tac), thu dUdc hon hdp khi Y
CO
ti khoi so vdi He
bang
2.
Tinh
hieu suii't cua
phan
iJng tdng hdp
NH3.
A.

so mol la: a - x +
1
- a - 3x + 2x =
1
- 2x
my
= (1 - 2x)2.4 ma m.x =
my(DLBTKL)
=>
(1 - 2x)2.4 = 1,8.4 x = 0,05.
Hieu
suat
phan
iVng
= ''~xl00 = 25%
0,2
Hiii
5. Mot binh
phan
iJiig
c6 dung
tich
khong ddi, chii'a hon hdp khi N2 va H:
vi'fi
nong do tiTcJng iTng la 0,3 M va 0,7 M. Sau khi
phiin
i'rng tdng hdp NH,
dat trang thai can
bang
d t''C,

3
C/b: (0,3 - - )
3
(0,7 - X)
2x
3
KHAyG
VBBT
•
nhhsau = (0,3 - T ) + ("'7 - X) + ^ (1 - ^)mol
•a
3 3 3
_^
%y
=^
!^i2_Zl i00
= 50
=>
X
= 0,3
J _ 2x
3
Vay
d trang thai can
bang
ta c6:
IN2]
= 0,2M;
[H2]
= 0,4M;

phan
i^ng.
Giai
PhiTdng
trinh
phiin
tfng xay ra:
N2
+ 3H2 ( > 2NH3
Trirdc
phan
u-ng 3 8 0 (mol) •
Phan
iJng x 3x
Sau
phiin
iJng 3 - x 8 - 3x 2x "
So mol khi triTdc
phiin
iing
Ui = 3 + 8 = 11
Sd^ mol khi sau
phiin
iJng
n2
= 11 - 2x
Do
binh kin nen tip suii't ti Ic vdi so mol, ta c6:
n,
P, ^ 11 P 1

chat
tan va cac ion trong dung dich A?
b)
Them 0,42g KOH vao dung djch A thu
diTdc
dung dich B.
Tinh
nong do m^i
cua cac ion
Irong
dung djch B,
bicl
rang
khi hoa tan them KOH thi the tu:.
dung djch lhay ddi khong diing kc.
lan
d;ng
va
phiiOng
ph^p
giSi
H6a
hpc
11 VP
co
-
D5
Xuan Hung
Giai
Ta

+
2H2O
X
X
-
2
3NaOH
+
H,P04
^
f
X
2
->
Na3P04
+
3H2O
y
3
X
y
Ta
CO
he
phtfdng
irinh
: ] 2 3 " ''^
x
+
y

Na2HP04
0,0075
^
2Na'
+ HPO^
0,015 0,0075
(mol)
Nong
dp
mol
cac
ion
trong
dung
dich
A :
[Na-l=M2?i+M15=0,09375(M,
0,15
+
0,25
[PO^]
=
[HPO^]
=
0,0075
0,4
=
0,01875
(M).
Ta

Na3P04
0,0125
K3PO4
0,0025
Na3P04
:
0,005+ 0,0075
=
0,0125
(mol)
KjPO^
:
0,0025
(mol)
3Na*
+ PO
.1-
0,0375 0,0125
3K^
+ POj-
0.0075 0.0025
N6ng
dp
mol
cac
ion
trong
dung
djch
B

HNO3,
phan tJng
tao
ra
muoi
nhom
va mot hon hpp
khi
gom NO
va N2O.
Tinh
nong
dp
mol
ctia
dung
dich
HNO3.
Bict
rang
li
khoi
cua
hon hdp
khi doi
v6i
hidro
bang
19,2.
Gidi

=
19,2.2
=
38,4
Taco:
^^^^^^til^
=38,4
o
30x
+
44y
=
38,4(x
+ y)
x
+
y
o
30x
+
44y
=
38,4x
+
38.4y
<=>
5,6y
=
8,4x
=c>

1,9
(mol)
Phan dang phuong ph^p gidi Hoa hgc 11 Va ca - S5 XuSn Hung
CM,HNO„=;^
= ^ =
0,863(M).
IJiii
3.
Cho mot liTdng hot ddng diT
vao
dung dich chiJa
0,5
mol
KNO3,
sau do
them liep dung djch chufa 0,2 mol HCl
va
0,3 mol
H2SO4
cho den khi ket
thui;
phiin
u'ng. Tinh the tich khi khong mau bay ra
d
dktc?
Gidi
KNO3
> + NO3
0,5 mol 0,5 mol
HCl

O,3 0m,l)
nNo
=
0,2 (mol)
^
VNO
=
0,2
x
22,4
=
4,48 (lit).
Bai
4.
a) A| lii 'muoi
c6
khoi lifting phan lir bang
64 dvC va c6
cong
IhiJc dcfn giiin
la
M,
32
NH2O.
A3
la
mot oxit ciia
nitd
c6 ti 10
—^ —.

:
32n
=
64 => n
= 2
=>
CTPT
:
N2H4O2
hay NH4NO2 (amoni nitrit)
Vay
A,
CO
CTPT
:
NH4NO2.
MA,
32 23
—^
= — =^
M,.
=
—.64
-
46
A3
la NO
M,
23 32
b) A, :

O2.
Bai 5. Khi cho 3 gam hon help Cu
va
AI tac dung vcti dung djch
HNO3
dac diT, dun
nong, sinh
ra
4,48 lit khi duy nha't
la
NO2 (dktc).
Xac
dinh phan tram khoi
li/ilng
ciia moi kim loai trong hon hdp.
Gidi
Cu +
4HNO3
> Cu(N03)2 +
2NO2
+
2H2O
a
2a
AI +
6HNO3
>
A1(N03)3
+
3NO2

%
khoi
liTcIng
moi kim loai
:
%cu =
100%
=
55,47% %A1
=
44,53%.
3
Bai
6.
Cho
I8,5g
hon hdp
Z
gom Fe,
FC3O4
tac dung vdi 200ml dung dich
HNO3
loang dun nong
va
khuay deu. Sau khi phiin u"ng xiiy
ra
hoan loan thu
diWc
2,24 lit
NO

+
I4H2O
(2)
28y
- y
y
—- 3y -r
^3
'3
'hSn
dang
va
phuang
ph^p
giSi
H6a hpc
11 Va
CO
- D5
Xuan
Hung
Fej^
+
2Fe(N03)3
x
+
3y'
3Fc(N03)2
(3)
(X

npc
= ——
(mol)
56
So mol Fc ban dau :
nFehanJiiu
= x +
x
+
3y
^
l,46_3x
+
3y
^ 1,46
mhhz
=
rnpc
+
^fc^o^
— 56.
=>84x
+
316y=
17,04
Ta CO
he
phiTdng
trinh
:

56
x
= 0,09
y
= 0,03
(mol)
3
n
^ 0,64
V
~ 0,2
=
0,64
(mol)
=
3,2(M).
;)
Dung dich Z,
:
Fe(N03)2
mFc(N03,3
=
|(x+
3y).
180
=
1(0,09+
3.0,03). 180
=
48,6

dung djch
sau
phan
tfng
:
mjj
=
25.1,03
+ 6 =
31,75
(g)
Kho'i
lirong
H3PO4
:
mH,po,
=25.1,03 ^4-2 ^.98
=
9,827
(g)
Nong
do %
dung djch
tao
lhanh
:
C%
=
100%
=

loang,
c6 can
dung dich tru"dng
hdp (b) thu
diTdc
bao
nhieu
gam
mu6l
khan?
(CAc phan
uTng
xiiy
ra
hoan toan,
cac
khi
do
ciing
nhiet do,
ap
sual).
Gidi
6,4
a) Taco: Ucu
=
—
=
0,l(mol);
UHNO,

HNO3
> + NO3
0,12
0,12 0.12
H2SO4
>
2H*
-I-
SO^-
0,06
0,12 0,06
So
molHNOj:
nn^o, =
0,12.1
=
0,12
(mol)
So mol
H2SO4:
nH^so4
=
0,12.0,5
=
0,06 (mol)
n„^ =0,12+ 0,12
= 0,24 (mol)
Phifdng
trinh
ion

22,4
=
1,344
(lit)
Tir
(1)
va
(2)
=>
The
tich
NO
triTdng
hdp (b)
> (a)
Hay VNO (b)
=
2. VNO
(a)
Dung
dich thu di/dc
sau
phan
tfng
gom
c&c
ion
Cu^+
:0,09 mol
NOj-

a) Hoa tan 8,32g Cu vao 3
lit
dung dich
HNO3
thu difdc dung dich A va
4,928
lit
hon
hdp khi NO va
NO2
(dktc).
Hoi cJ dktc, 1 lit hSn hop hai khi nay nang
bao nhieu
gam?
b)
Cho 16,2g nhom phan u'ng he't vdi dung djch A tao ra h6n
hcJp
NO, N2 va
dung dich B.
Tinh
the
tich
NO, N2 irong hon hdp biet ti
khoi
cua hon hdp khi
doi
v6i hidro la 14,4. (Bo qua phan
lifng
giiifa
Al

Cu(N03)2
+
2NO2
+
2H2O
1
I
2 2
Taco: -x + ^ = 0,13
2 2
4,928
„
x
+ y = -^ = 0,22
'
' 22,4
TH
(I) va
(II)
ta c6 he phiTdng
trinh
:
y
(I)
(II)
-x
+ - = 0,13
2 2
Khoi
liTdng

>10Al(NO3)3
+ 3N2
+I8H2O
10b
•mol
b
mol
x
= 0,02
y
= o,2
(mol)
94
2A1
+ 3Cu(N03)2
10b
Ta
CO
:
2A1(N03)3
+ 3Cu
a +
-^—
= 0,6 (III)
Mhh
khi
-
30a+28b
a + b
^14,4x = 28,8

lu'dng moi kim
loai
trong hon hdp dau.
Gidi
Cu:
X
mol
Hon
hdp gom Fe: y mol
Al:z
mol
*
Hon hdp tac
diing
vdi
HNO3
dele, nguoi :
Cu
+
4HNO3
—^
Cu(N03)3
+
2NO2
+
2H2O
X
mol 2x mol
8,96
22,4

hay 64.0,2 + 56y + 27z = 26,5 o 56y + 27z = 13,7
Ta
CO
he phifdng
trinh
:
y
+ -z = 0,55
56y + 27z = 13.7
Khoi
liMng
moi kim
loai:
mcu = 0,2.64 = 12,8 (g)
I,
=
0,1.56
= 5,6 (g); n^i =
0,3.27
= 8,1 (g)
y
=
o,i
z = 0,3
95
%Cu
= -^^.100% = 48,3% ; %Fe = -^.100%:
26,5
21,13%
26,5

tac
lam
sua't
x =
142.69,62
234
=
42,25%
Bai
12. Cho 3,024 gam
mot kim loai
M tan het
trong dung dich
HNO3
loang, ihu
dirdc
940,8 ml
khi NxOy (siin pham khiV duy
nhat,
d
dktc)
c6 ti
khoi doi vdi H.
b^ng
22.
Tim khi N,Oy
va
kim loai M.
Gidi
Ta

nc
0,336
Ta
cd:
.MM
= 3,024 =>
MM
= 9n
n
=> cap
nghiem
phil
hcJp
1^
n = 3 va
MM
= 21 =>
Al.
B^i
13. H6a tan ho^n
toan
8,862 gam hon hcJp gom Al va Mg v^o
dung dich
HNO3
loang,
thu
difdc dung dich
X v^ 3,136 lit (d
dktc)
hoh hdp Y gom hai

khi
do chi c6 the la:
N2, N2O, NO.
Trong
66 c6
mot khi
hoa nau
trong khong khi khi
66 Ih
NO.
Ta
c6:
n^.y
=
3,136
22,4
=
0,14 mol
U
5.18 „
MY
= = 37
0,14
khi
con
lai
la
N2O (M
= 44)
Ta thay:

khi miai khai
thoat
ra
=>
trong dung dich
X
kh6ng
c6
muo'i
NH4NO3
Qua
trinh
nhiTdng
e:
Mg
-> Mg
a
Al
-> AP*
b
+
2c
2a
+
3c
3b
Qua
trinh
nhan
e:

bhng dung djch
HNO3
loang (du").
thu
diTcJc
dung dich
X v^ 1.344
lit
(d
dktc)
hon
hdp khi
Y gom hai
khi
la
N2O
va
N2.
Ti
kho'i
cua hon
hdp khi
Y so v(Ji
khi H2
la 18. Co can
dung djch
X. thu
diTcJc
m gam
cha't

28y
=
36
x
+
y
L
x + y = 0,06
Qua
trinh nhU'dng e : Al
0,46
Al
'
44x + 28y = 36.0,06
. X
+ y = 0,06
+
3e
X
= 0,03
y
= 0,03
1,38
Qua
Irinh
nhan c :
+5
2N
+ 8c
0,24 0,03

=
0,46.213
+ 0,105.80 = 106,38(g)
Bai
15. Nhi?t phan hoan to^n 34,65 gam hon
hcJp
gom
KNO.,
va
Cu(N03)2,
thu
dircfc
hon hdp khi X (li
khoi
cua X so vdi khi hidro b^ng 18,8).
Tinh
khoi
lifcfng
Cu(N03)2
irong hon hdp ban dau.
Gidi
Gpi n„^o,
= "lo'-
ncu,No,,,
= y mol
=>
iOlx
+ 188y = 34,65 (1)
KNOj
KNOz+^Oz

thdi
gian th(j
diTdc
2,71 gam hon hdp Y. Hoa tan hoan toan Y vao V
ml
dung dich
HNO3
2M vCra u, thu
duTdc
0,672
lit
khi NO (san pham
khuT
duy
nhat, d dktc).
Tinh
V.
Gidi
Ta
c6: = 0,03 mol
Ap
dung
DLBTKL
ta c6:
mo,
= 2,71 - 2,23 = 0,48 gam n^^ = 0,015 mol
+5
So'mol
e cua kim
loai

-> Mg + 2c
t
t 2t
Ap
dung dinh luat bao toan electron ta c6:
3x
+ 3y + 2z + 2t = 0,09 + 0,06 = 045 mol
So mol
HNO3
= so mol N (trong muoi) + so mol N (trong NO)
=
3x + 3y + 2z + 2t + 0,03 = 0.18 mol
VHNO,
=0.18/2
= 0.9 lit = 900 ml
Bai
17. Nung m(g) bpt Fe trong
O2
thu di/dc 3 gam hon hdp cha't dn X. H6a tan
het X trong dung djch
HNO3
dir. thoat ra 0.56 lit khi NO (dktc) (san
phiim
khijr
duy nhat).
Tinh
m.
Gidi
Fe la chat
khuT.

+3
Fe 4-3c
3m
56
99
Phan
dgng
va phuong phiip g\&\a hpc 11 VP co - D5 Xuan Hung
-
Qua
trinh nhan electron:
0
.> -2
02
+ 4e
>
20
3 —m
3 —m
~32
8~
+5
+2
N
+ 3c
>
N
0,075 0,025
-
Ap

2Na2HP04
+
H2O
0,1 mol 0,4 mol 0,2 mol
Hp
=
= 0,2
(mol).
31
b) Khoi
lurpng
chat tan NaOH : m,, = 0,4.40 = 16 (g)
Khoi
lirpng
dung dich NaOH : mjd
=
^^'^^^^ = 50
(g).
32%
c) Khoi
liTdng
chat tan Na2HP04 :
m,.,
= 0,2.142 = 28,4 (g)
Kho'i lifPng dung dich sau phan uTng
:
nidd
=
mp^o,
+

(dktc). Ti khpi cua A sp vdi heli la 8,665.
De
trung
boa
he't axit trong dung dich
thu
dtfPc
sau
phan ilng da diing
bet
400ml dung
dich
KOH 0,5M.
a) Tinh % theo the tich moi khi trong A. b) Tinh khoi liTdng moi kim loai trong X. 100
c) Tinh nong dp mol dung dich HNO., ban dau.
Gidi
D&l
a la so
mol NO,
b la so
mol
N2O.
a
+ b= ^ =
0,15(mol)
(1)
Ta
CO
22,4
MA

0,1
mol
0
1
22 4
Thanh phan % the tich cac khi:
%VN()
=
' " '
3,36
=>
%V,^o =33.33%.
b) Al
+
4HNO,
>
A1(N0.,)3
+
NO
+
2H2O
8Al(NO,h
+
3N2O
+
I5H2O
>
3Zn(NO,)2 +
2N0
+

=
66,67%
(I)
(2)
(3)
(4)
0
Al
—
X
mol
0
Zn
-
->
Al + 3e
3x mol
+2
-» Zn + 2e
y mol
2x
mol
Tdng
so'
mol electron cho
:
3x + 2y
f3x
+
2y

X
0,4 = 0,2 (mol)
Theo cac phiTdng trinh (1), (2), (3),
(4):
101
Phan
dgng
vk
phuong
phip gi^i H6a hpc
11 VP
ca
- D5
Xuan
Hung
"HNOaptr
=
4nNo + lOnn^o = 4.0,1
+10.0,05
= 0,9 (mol)
=>nHN03band4u
= 0,9 + 0.2 = 1,1 (mol)
Nong do mol HNO3 ban dau :
CM
=
==
5,5 (M).
Bai 3. Cho 44g NaOH vao dung djch chtfa 39,2g axit H.,P04, c6 can dung dich.
Hoi
nhOfng

+
H.O
(2)
0,3 mol 0.3 mol 0,3 mol
nNaOH<ip.r(:)=
1,1 -0,8 = 0,3 (mol)
^
"N.^HPO,
o.n i,i = 0.4 - 0,3 = 0,1 (mol)
Na2HP04 :0,1 mol
Na3PO4:0,3 mol
Khoi lifcJng moi muoi: mNa^HPOj = 0,1.142 = 14,2 (g)
mN.,P04
= 0,3.164 = 49,2 (g).
Bai 4.
Trong
mol binh kin dung tich 56 lit
chita
N2
va
H2
thco li le the tich 1:4c}
nhiet dc) 0"C vii 200 aim va mol it cha't xuc Lie. Nung ncMig binh mc)t thcii gian,
sau do diTa ve
0"C
ihay ap suaft trong binh giiim 10% so
vc'Ji
ap suii't ban dau.
a)
Tinh hiOu

RT 0.082.273
2NH3
2a mol
= 500 (mol)
= lOOmol
va
n^, =400mol
=> So' mol hem hdp sau phiin iJng :
n = (100
-
a) + (400
-
3a) + 2a = 500
-
2a
VI trong
Cling
dieu kicn, nhiet dc), the tich => ap suii'l ti le vc'Ji sc) mol ta cc)
:
"hh Jill
_
PjJu
p „
500
'hh sau
200
500-2a
180
=> a = 25 (mol)
25

1912,5
1.41
1
= 1356,38 (ml) =
1,35638
(lil).
c)
Khoi
lirc^ng
NH3
(vc^i
-
liTcJiig
NH3):
m^H,
=25.17 = 425(g)
Khoi lirctng dung dich
NH3:mjj
= ^^-^-'00%
^
j^y^,
. The lich dung dich
NH3:
V =
25%
d
0,91
Bai 5. De dieu che
5
tan axil nitric mmg dc) 60%, can dung bao nhicu Ian

—.17 = 0,809.10'(g) = 0,809 tan
Vi trong qua Irinh san xuat hao hut 3,8% ncn khoi lifdng
NH3
la :
m = 0,809.— =0,841 (tan).
96,2
Bai 6. Nung 6,58g
Cu(N03)2
trong binh kin, sau mot thcJi gian thu du"ac
4,96g
cha't ran vii hon hdp khi X. Hap thu hoan toan hon hdp X viio nu^dc, difcrc
300ml dung djch Y. Viet phufttng trinh hoa hoc ciia cac phan iJug xiiy ra vii
linh pH ciia dung dich Y.
(Trick
TSDH.
Hat I)
Gidi
Taco:
nc„(N03)2
=-^ = 0,035 (mol)
Cu(N0,)2
CuO +
2NO2
+ -O,
2 '
a mol a mol 2a mol
4NO2
+ O2 +
2H2O
>

doi) trong dung dich HCl diT, thu diTdc 0,784 lit khi
H2.
Ncu hoa tan ciing
lifcJng hon hdp X trcn trong dung djch
HNO3
diT thu du^dc 1,12 lit hon help khi
gom NO va
NO2
c6 ti khoi so vdi hidro lii 19,8. Xac dinh kim loai R.
Gidi
Goi
X,
y Ian liTdt lii so mol ciia NO,
NO2.
Ta c6: X + y =
1,12
22,4
Mhh khf = 19,8.2 = 39,6
30x + 46y
= 0,05 (mol) (1)
x + y
Giiii(l) vii (2)
= 39,6
x = 0,02
y = 0,03
(2)
(mol)
Phifdng trinh cho nhan electron khi cho hon hdp kim loai tac dung vdi
HNO3:
0

phuong
phap
giai
H6a hqc 11 V6 co - D5
XuSn
Hang
Fe + 2HC1
a mol
R +nHCl
b mol
nb
-^FeClr+H.
a mol
n
RCln
+ - H2
nb
mol
0,784
= 0,035
22,4
Mat khdc ta c6: 56a + bR = 2,095
fa = 0,02
(II)
(III)
Giiii (I), (II) va (III) ^
b = 0,015
n = 2
R = 65
Vay kim loai R la Zn.

Ban dau :
Phan urng :
Sau p.u":
Hon hdp khi B
X mol 3x mol
a mol 3a mol 2a mol^
(x - a) (3x - 3a) 2a mol
N2:
(x - a) mol
H2
:(3x-3a) mol
NH,: 2a mol
nij = X - a + 3x - 3a + 2a = 4x - 2a (mol)
M/
Ivl
»
Theo de
:
dA/i,
= 0,6 o ^ = 0.6
MB
(I)
MA =—^; MB =•
(Theo djnh lual biio loan kho'i liTdng :
mA
=
niB)
Tiy(I) => ^ = 0,6 o ••• ""=0,6 =>a = 0,8x
Jl^
= 0,6 0^:^ = 0,6

Sau khi nung muoi bj nhiel phan he't con lai 4g exit kim loai X du'a ve
>
27"C, ap suat trong binh la P,.
Xac djnh kim loai X vti tinh ap suat P|.
Lay
1^
li/dng khi Ihu duTdc cho hap thu hoan loan vao nu'dc thanh 0,25 lit
dung djch A.
- Tinh pH cua dung dich A.
- Dung djch A c6 the phan i?ng toi da vcti bao nhicu gam oxit kim loai X c6
hoa Iri lhap nhat va bao nhicu lit khi NO tao ra (dktc)?
Gidi
a) Dill cong ihuTc muoi nilrat kim loai X lii X(NO.0n-
2X(N03).,
X2O,,
+ 2nN02
+^03
9,4
'x(No,>„-j^_^g2n
"x,o„ =•
2X + 16n
Theo phifdng irinh :
n,„,„-H
=
2n.,xii
9,4 ^ 4
= 2
X + 62n 2X + 16n
=> X = 32n =>
n = 2

trong
Cling
dieu kien nhict do, ap
suat,
la co : .
^
=
il^
P, = Pj. = 0,984.^^ = 7,134 (atm).
P, n, n, 0,02
b) So mol khi ihu diTdc (vdi ^
liTdng
khi)
n^o,
= 0,01
(mol);
no^ =
0,0025
(mol)
4NO2
+
O2
+
2H2O >4HN03
0,01
0,0025
0,01 (mol)
=> "HNO,
=0.01 mol
HNO,

10. Hoa lan 0,368g hon hdp gom Al va Zn dung
viTa
dii 25 lit dung dich
HNO3
CO
pH = 3. Sau phan
rfng
la chi ihu diTdc ba
muoi.
Tinh
thanh phan %
thco
khoi
liTdng
moi kim
loai
irong hon hdp.
Gidi
pH
= 3
=>IH^]
= 10-^M
ins
=>
[HNO3]
=
lO-'M HHNO,
=25.10"-' =0,025 (mol)
Vi
Ihu dtfdc ba mu6'i n6n san pham lao thanh la

theo
khoi
liTdng
:
2,5a+ — =
0,025
fa = 0,004
8
(mol)
b
= 0,004
%mz„
= -^^^^^.100% = 70,65% =>
%mM
= 29.35%.
0,368
B^i
11. Cho hon hdp A gom FeCOj va FeSj. A tac dung vdi dung dTch axit
HNO3
63%
(khoi
lifdng
rieng 1,44 g/ml)
theo
cac phan
tfng
sau :
FeC03
+
HNO3 >

Ba(0H)2
0,2M. Loc hfy ket tua dem nung den
khoi
liTdng
khong doi dufdc
7,568g cha't r^n (BaS04 coi
nhU"
khong bi nhiet phan, cac phan
tfug
xay ra
ho^n
loan).
a) X Ih mu6l gi? Hoan thanh c^c phiTdng tnnh phdn
tfng
(1) va (2).
b)
Tinh
khS'i
liTdng
tijfng
chat trong hon hdp A.
c)
Xac dinh the
tich
dung djch
HNO3
da
diing
(gia thiet
HNO3

NO2
:(a + 15b) mol
de^oj =1.425
MB
=
1,425x32
= 45,6
109