CHUONG 1. CO SO L)? LUAN VE CHO VAY HQ SAN XUAT CUA NGAN
HANG THUONG MAI
1.1. Hoot dung cho vay d6i vii h0 sin xuAt cua ngin hang thuung mgi
1.1.1. Khdi nifm, d#c diem caa
he
min malt
Khii niem
Tru6c het, de c6 can cir phat men
de
UM, chimg ta an lam re khai niem ye he, san
xuAt. DAu tien, chi ng ta can hieu dtrqc djnh nghia:
"HO liz gi?".
Theo van ban
s6
1030 ngay 3/4/1991 cila Lien hiep quiic dinh nghia:
"HO la
nhung Ague& cling song chung dirol mOt mai nha, cling do chung viz co chung mot
ngdn
guy""
Tai
cuOc thio luan quoc ta lin thir IV ve van de Quan 15
,
Wing trgi tai Hi Lan
nam 1980, tien si Aalt A. Dijkhuizen da dua ra khai niem:
"HO la mOt dan vj ca bcin
clic: xd hOi, co lien quan den san neat, tat san xuit, din tieu dung viz cac hoot dOng
khcic czia xd heir
Theo nhu tir dien neon nge viet nam phat hanh nam 2001, tgi trang 497, ding thir
52
-
55 ce vitt

s6
1 kern theo guy& djnh 499A ngay 2/9/1993 cia
NHNo&PTNT Viet Nam, theo di khai niem hO san xuAt dtrqc hieu nhu sau:
"HO san
xudt la don vj kinh to tv chti, trvc flip hogt Ong kinh doanh, la cha the trong moi
quan
he
san xulit kinh doanh va tv chju track nhiem ve kit qua how dOng kinh doanh
cua
minh".
Trang 1
Tir dinh nghht ten, ta c6 the khai quat loi nhu sau: HO san xuAt la dun vi kinh te
ti chit, toe tiep hoot dOng san xuAt kinh doanh, ho san xuAt co the to loa chop nghluth
nghe san xuAt, to minh huy Ong von di den hinh san xuAt vi trvc tiep tieu thy san
phAm sau qui trinh san xuat. Trong cac quan hg san xuat kinh doanh nhu vay von, san
xuAt hay tieu thy hang hoa thi Kt san xuAt gift vai fro la mOt chit the dOc
Doi
vai nhitng nuoc c6 nen nong nghiep lit chit yeu thi hi) san xuAt la mOt thanh
phan kinh te rat quan trong trong san xuAt thing nghiep, dac biet khi nen san xuAt nong
nghiep con loc hau, phi thuOc chit yeu vao sirc lao dOng con ngutri la chinh. D6ng then
kith te ho san xuAt cling la mOt thanh phan kinh to khong the thieu trong nen kith 4'
thi truing nay. Trong nen kinh te thi truing hien nay mac dit quy m8 cue kinh te h0
khong Ion nhtmg do dac tinh la don vi san xuAt co ban cilia xa hOi, ne dOng treo vai
quan trong trong qui frith phat trim kinh te cite dAt ntrem, On dinh doi song xd hOi.
Phan
loci
Theo tai lieu
"Vat tro czia
h¢ san
xuat

chinh cue cac ngan hang thucmg moi hoS dOng tren dja ban nong nghiep nong th8n.
Diem yeu cim hp la thieu kien thirc cap that ve nen kinh te vi thieu vim de san xuat,
day la dti tuqng ma NHNo&PTNT Viet Nam can uu tien cho vay cling nhu la hO trq
ve thong tin de ho c6 the phat trim san xuAt.
Trang 2
Thang Long University Library
Cac ho loai thin nhAt IA cic ho dA di tien phong trong nhieu linh nrc dm nen kinh
to
nOng nghiep ding th8n, trong mOt th&i gian dii hq di holm thien cic quy trinh
san
xuAt vi lien
thy hang Ma, hq thuting c6 nhu cAu vay von 16n. SO luqng cic ho nay
la
kh8ng 16m tong nen kinh to tuy nhien do kith nAng kinh doanh cita hq duqc dim bio,
hq IA nhOmg khich hang fit uy tin tin ngin hang.
Cie ho loai ba duqc xep vio dien ho ngheo, hq an nhang chinh sich ho trq x6a
dad giim nghIo cita Chinh Phil de c6 the citi thien cuOc song.
D$c diim
Dora vio tii lieu ve
"Hoot tong cho vay h¢ san suck cia nglin hang thwang mgt"
duqc twang Hqc vien Ngin Hing phit hinh thi ce the khii quit dAc diem dm hi) san
xuat nhu sau.
HO san xuAt la mOt don vi kinh to dtic biet visa sin xuAt vira tieu this san phAm.
Cic thinh vier trong ho c6 nhu au tieu dung sin pham trong dbi
song
hing ngiy.
Nhung dong th6i ho la nai sin xuAt ra the sin phAm de phut vo cho ca the thinh vien
trong ho vi xA hOi.
Quy mo sin xua dui ho nh6, mang 'ging tinh sin xuAt truyen thing, san xuAt ra
the sin phAm can thiet phut vo cho nhu au the thanh vier trong ho la chinh. Khi cic

vi phat trien hog &Ong cua minh thi hog ding kinh doanh cua ngan hang phai c6 lai.
Hog dOng chu
yeu cua
mOt ngan hang thuong moi Ia huy dong v6n vi nghiep vo tin
dung nhim tim kiem lqi nhuon, trong de c6 nghiep vo cho vay cac thanh phin kinh to
trong xa hOi. Theo quy ch'i cho vay cua cic
to
chirc tin citing d6i von khich hang ciut
ngan hang Nhi nuerc Viet Nam (ban Muth theo
quyet djnh so
1627/2001/QD-NHNN
ngiy 31/ 12/2001 dm Thong d6c ngfin hang nhi nuac), thi cho vay ducrc djnh nghia
li
mot hinh thirc cap tin ding , theo de
to
chirc tin dung giao cho khich hang sir dung
mOt khoin tien de sir dung vio muc dich vi tiled gian nhAt djnh theo thoi thu#n vii
nguyen tic ca hoin frit ci
g6c
vi lai.
Khii
niem
cho vay by sin suit
Theo d6, cho vay hi) sin xuat chinh la mOt hinh thirc ma ngan hang cap von cho
h0 sin xuAt sir dong vio mpc dich sin xuAt kinh doanh trong met then gian nhAt djnh
theo so thoi thu#n giDa ngan hang vi her sin xuAt, ding thin thoi thuan phuang thirc
tri no cho ngan hang. D6i Wong ciut cho vay 110 sin xuAt la cic ho gia dinh, day li mOt
thinh phin kinh to quan tong trong nen kinh t@ nhieu thinh phew Cic ho sin xuAt
thu?mg 'thong co dit
v6n

sin xuat vay
vim , hp
sin xuAt troc
tiep
nh§n vein vay tir nein hang, tir dim den
cu6i
qui trinh vay chi phat sinh mOt khoin vay cita her sin xuAt yin ngan hing . Day
la
phuang thirc vay ph6 bien nhAt vi quan tong nhAt toi cic chi nhinh NHNo&PTNT
Viet Nam rip dung trong cho vay dti vii the h0 sin xuAt. Trong phuang thirc cho vay
trtrc tiep, ngan hang con thoi thulin vii cac h0 sin xuAt thoc hien cic hinh thirc vay
von
khac nhau
Cho hp an xuAt vay
tryst
flip thong qua a vay yin:
TO vay
van
do cic thanh vien la he) gia mink, ca nhan to nguyen thinh lop, c6 nhu
au vay von, ding cu chu
toi th8n, x6m. TO vay
von
phii &roc thanh 1#p theo quy djnh
Trang
4
Thang Long University Library
cua ngan hang, ding then ngan hang se quy dinh trich nhiem cua nhing ngutri lien
quan nhu
t6 trueng t6
vay von, ho san xuit ding IcY vay von tir t6 vay von.

chat xi hOi nhu HOi phv nt, HOi nong dan,
HOi cuu chi& binh, HOi thanh nien, HOi lam vutrn. DOi tucmg vay von dui ck to cline
trung gian nay thuting la h0 nghto, thieu
von
san xuit nhung khong dit tai san lim bao
dim, hp c6 sire lao dOng, c6 Ice hooch san xuit !dui thi, phu hqp vtri chinh skh phit
trien cua dia phuong. Phircmg thilc cho vay nay too die'u kien cho cic ho san xuit duqc
vay von de phit trien san xuit,thay dOi &A song cna timg h0 ngheo, gap phan phit
hien
kinh
to
dia phuang. Dong thtri nein hang thirc hien duqc trich nhiem veri nhi
nu& la xoi d61, giam ngheo too sir phut trien dong deu trong san xuit wing nghiep vi
n8ng th8n. Cho vay th8ng qua
t6
chirc kinh to xi hOi thvc chit la cho ho san xuit vay
bang tin chip, bang uy tin dm cic
to
chile dimg ra trung gian. Mac du cho vay nhu vay
se giam chi phi thim dinh cho ngan hang, nhung do khoan vay khong dirge bio dim
bang tai san dim bio, rill ro tong hoot dOng cho vay nay la kha cao, c6 the anh hutmg
den chit lirqng tin dung ngin hang.
1.1.4. Vai trd cuts hoist ding cho vay

vdi hO san xuJt
Trong qui trinh hoot dOng thirc
to cua
minh, he thring cic ngan hang thircmg mai
Viet Nam &A the hien vai tr6 to Ian
dm nguon von vay doi

ting,ben bai, chq, he thing cung cap nuirc sach
Cho vay h0 slut xuat tham gia vio quy trinh phit trien co sa ha tang nong thin
th8ng qua viec cho vay ngan, trung, clli hart vai nhang chinh sich uu dai phit
trien co so ha
tang
nong them cua Chinh Phu. Cic h0 sin xuat co the sir dung von vay
de xay dung tram born, be
de
din nu6c, duang giao thong Arai muc ditch nang cao
hieu qui sin xuat, cai thien m8i twang lao dOng. Dieu nAy tram mat gi6p cho hoot
dOng sin xuat kinh doanh cfra h0 duqc thua
►

tien, sau de la cal thien b0 mat co sir ha
tang tai dja phuang, tao di'eu kien cho nhieu linh vrc dOng thin cung phat trien.
Cho vay hP sin xuat gip phin hgn chi cho vay npng lii b tiling thOn
Tinh
tang cho vay nang lai a nong than da ton tai tit lau vi co the dOng rat lim
den sin xuat vi deri
song dm nosai
din. Khi chua co tic chinh sach cho vay don yin
hi) sin
xuat,
cic hq sin xuat
mutin
c6 vie de kinh doanh phii vay vim cua cac ca thin
ten dja bin von lai suit cao, dieu nAy din din viec lqi nhuart dinh cho h0 sin xuat
khOng dim bio do phii dinh phan lan de tang trai khoin vay. Ngoii ra, cho vay nang
lai 6 nong than con 11 mOt hoot dOng bit hqp phip, gay bat On chinh tri tai dia phuang,
khien cho kinh

Khi chua c6 hoat dOng cho vay ho slut xuAt, san xuat cua cac ho chit yeti la tv
cung tir cap, s6 luqng hang hoa dem ra trao doi thy co nhung khong nhieu, dieu nay la
do cac ho thieu kien thirc va quan trqng nhAt la thieu vein de ma rOng boat dOng san
xuat kinh doanh. Host dOng xuAt MIL tai cac dia phuong chinh vi voy ma con rat han
the phai phi thuOc nhieu vao cac doanh nghiep nhi nuec. Thai gian gin day, cho vay
ho san xuat da cung cap, b6 sung win cho cac hi) sin xuAt, giitp cac ho co thE ma rOng
quy m0 san xuat, kh6i lugng hang h6a cung cap cho thi trueing trong ntrec vi the duqc
nang cao, ben canh de the ma hang nong san veil chAt lacing Mt se doge xuat khAu
sang cac ntrec khac, tao thuang hieu cho cac mAt hang Wong san Via Nam va thu dirge
lqi nhu'an len, tao dieu kien de cac ho san xuAt tiep tic xoay yang v6n dlu to san xuAt.
CO the nei, hoat
dOng
cho vay ho san xuAt di gap phAn gulp cho cac ho san xuAt dua
san pham cua minh ra ngoai hien giai Viet Nam.
1.2.
Mi ring hoat ding cho vay dti yard hi sin suit tai ngan hang thwang m0
1.2.1. Mali nifm mo ring hoyt dOng cho vay doi vai hQ san
xuat
Ma rOng hoat dOng cho vay d6i veil h0 san xuAt la sv gia tang ve quy mo cho vay
ho san xuAt cua ngan hang, ma rOng bao gam sv mo rOng ve s6 lugng ho san xuAt vay
vim ngan hang, sv gia tang ve doanh s6 cho vay (16i yeti m8i ho san xuAt, sv thing
throng tS
,
le di nq d6i veri h0 san xuAt, hay sv gia tang ve s6 lugng nginh nghe vay
v6n. Me rOng cho vay ho san xuAt dirge the hien 6 mot s6 diem sau:
Vii se laying hf san xuat vay yin
HO san xuAt la khach hang vay von trong cho vay d6i yeti ho san xuat. Quy m6
cua cho vay d6i veil h0 san xuAt km hay nhe dirge the hien mot phlin boi s6 lucmg ho
san xuAt tham gia vay von ngan hang. HO san xuAt la d6'i ttrog co nhu ciu vay von
nhi8u, thtamg xuyen de tiers hanh diu to ski xuat theo phuong an dm ho nhim phat

bao thong nhang ve me rOng quy m6 ma con dam bao chit luqng cea hoat dOng cho
vay, gOp phan 'tang cao hieu qua cea heat dOng cho vay d6i vai ngan hang.
i4
doanh
so
cho vay va du
np doi
vdi hp sin xuat
Day la nhang chi tieu the hien viec cho vay ho san xuat da duqc me rOng hay
chua me rOng mOt cach chinh xac tuyet d6i. Doanh
s6
cho vay dti van ho san xuAt la
khoi luqng von ma ngan hang da cap cho cac h0 san xuAt vay de san xuAt, kinh doanh
trong mOt then ky nhAt dinh. Doanh sit cho vay tang hay giam
trvc tiep guy& djnh
den
quy mo cho vay h0 san xuAt da duqc me rOng hay chua. Day la mOt con s6 tuyet
doi
phin anh mOt each chinh xic ve quy m8 cho vay h0 san xuat cua ngan hang. Ben earth
do, do nq d6i yen ho san mitt cling IA mot con Si, the hien quy m6 cho vay ho san xuAt.
1.2.2. Sy cin thief phai md Ong hogt dPng cho vay doi vdi hp san xuat
Mans tang
twang nguan thu nh(ip cho ngan hang
Doi von cac nem hang thuang mai, viec giai ngan
ngu6n
vein huy dung de cho
vay chiem mot vai tre het sire quan tong, phin lam nguon thu nhAp cea ngan hang pho
thuOc vao hoot dOng nay. ChM vi voy viec me Ong host dOng cho vay doi von ho san
xuAt la mot yeu cAu cap thiet de ngfin hang co the duy tri va phat
trien,

chi tieu dank gia Idui Wang quill 19 riri cho vay cda ngan hang.
Sic tong truing doanh si cho vay dal viti hp sib; xuAt
Doanh so cho vay ho san xuAt cho hitt s6 luqng von ma ngan hang da giai ngan
cho cac h0 san xuAt vay trong mot thtri kjr, thutmg duqc quy dinh la mot nam. Doanh
so cho vay ding lern thi quy mO cho vay ho san xuAt tang 16n, thOng qua str tang
truing ve doanh
s6
cho vay h0 san xuat qua the nam to co the thAy duqc quy mo mer
rOng hoat eking cho vay ho san xuAt mot each toan dien. Tric do tang trutmg doanh s6
cho vay d6i voi WO san xuAt duqc tinh nhu sau:
T6c do tang twang

(Doanh
s6
nam tithe - Doanh so nam sau)
doanh
sO
cho vay

=

x 100%
hi) san xuAt

Doanh so nam truerc
Doanh sO cho vay ho san xuAt tang co the la do
s6 luqng ho san
xuAt tham gia
vay von tang hoac do mirc tin dung d6i yea
mai

vi du nq cho vay con ti'em An nhthig nil ro tin dung. Do vay phai
xem xet du nq trong
mai quan ha
voi doanh
so"'
cho vay vl doanh s6 thu nq de co the
ket luan ve viec hoat dung mo rang cho vay d6i ved he san
xuat
co dam bao tinh an
man hay khong. Ben canh d6 veri viec ket hop cac chi tieu nhu no qua hen, lqi nhuan
do hoat deng cho vay ho san xuat to co the co duqc cai shin chinh xk ve
chit luting
hoat dung mer rang cho vay din vol ho san xuAt.
Ben canh do, chi tieu su tang truing du no di veri h0 san xuat la chi
tieu phial
anh su gia tang hay giam oh du
my ho san xuat. Talc da tang
truemg du no he san xuAt
duqc xac dinh nhu sau:
Tec de tang tnremg

(Du my nam sau — Du no nam truck)
du no he sin xuat =

x 100%
du no nam sau
T6c de tang truemg nay duang thi dm la du my ho san xuAt nam sau cao han nam
tnr6c, tirc la quy mo cho vay he san xuat dirk me rang tren ca so du nq. TOc de tang
tnreng nay cao chua hin da dart gia duqc toin be qua trinh mo tong hoat Ong cho
vay dOi WA he san xuAt dot hien qua cao.

yeti he san =at da tang len vi nguqc lai.
T6c de tang truang

S6 HSX nam sau — S6 HSX nam truk
he san xuat vay
vein =

x 100%
SO
HSX nam truk
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Thang Long University Library
TS/ tong ho san xuat da vay
von ngfin
hang tren tong s6 ho
san xuAt IA mOt chi
tieu phan anh quy m6 cho vay h0 san xuAt hien tai va the hien kha nang ma rOng cho
vay ho san xuAt trong thai gian tiep theo bing viec phat
men
cho vay doi vai nhang ho
san xuAt chua dugc vay vim ngan hang.
TS
,
trong ho san

HO san
xuAt da vay vein
xuat da vay vein
x 100%
fling

truac
Thu nhpp tir cho vay hp san xutit
Ma rOng hoat dOng cho vay doi yeti ho san xuat kh8ng nhang an phat trien ve
quy ma ma con an tap trung vim chit luqng cua nhung khoan vay Cling vol cac chi
tieu phan anh quy mo ma rOng tren thi chi tieu thu nhap tir cho vay ho san
xuAt
IA mOt
chi tieu phial anh chit luqng ma rOng hoot dOng cho vay d6i yeti ho san xuAt cua ngfin
hang qua cac nam. Day IA mOt chi tieu rat quan tong vi moi hoot dOng cua ngan hang
thuang mai deu huang toi mvc dich cao nhAt de la lqi nhuan. Ben canh dO, so sanh chi
tieu nay d6ng thCri ding vol cac chi fieu 'chic ve du nq, tjr le
mat von
con danh gia
dugc viec me rOng hoat dOng cho vay doi vOi ho san
xuAt
co dot duqc chat Wong
tot
hay khong.
He
se
thu ncr cho vay

san
xuAt
HO
s6 thu nq cho biet doanh s6 thu
my
chiem bao nhieu phan tram so yeti doanh
s6 cho vay. He
s6

the hien chit lugng
tin dung dti veri he sin xuAt cing kern va
ngtrgc lai,
ket hqp ven cac chi tieu ttc de
tang twang doanh so vi so lugng ho vay von, ta co the danh gia boat Ong ma tong
cho vay
d61
veri ho sin xuAt co thac str dat hieu qui hay khong, ngin hang c6 kha ning
thu hti vim mia ngan hang dti veri the khoin vay cua ho sin xuAt hay kh8ng. Theo quy
dinh cfm NHNN hien nay chi tieu nay khong dugc vugt qua 3%, neu chi tieu nay vugt
qua 3% thi cho thAy hoat Ong cho vay dti veri ho sin xuAt dem lai tin ro Ian cho ngan
hang. T9 l'e nq qua han cua he sin xuat dugc tinh bing cong thirc sau.
T9 lg ng

Ng qui han ho sin xuat
qua han cua =

x 100%
ho
sin xuat

Du nq he' sin xuAt
Vbng quay win cho vay he sal: xuAt
Wong quay von cho vay ho sin xuat the hieu thc do luin chuyen the khan vay
ma ngin hang cap cho cac ho sin xuAt, ngoai ra chi tieu nay cho biet ngfin hang thu
dugc nq cua cac ho sin xuAt bao nhieu de ce the lai cho vay mai. Day la chi tieu quan
tong de Anti gia kha ning to chirc quart 19 win vay va hie'u qui tin dung trong viec
dip Cmg nhu ciu cua cac he sin xuat. Vong quay nay car% cao thi chfing to ngutn von
vay cua ngin hang di dugc luin chuyen nhanh, them gia vao nhieu chu Icy sin xuit,
gitip ngin hang

t6 chit quan.
1.3.1. Nhan to` chi quan
Nhiin
to
h0 sin add
D*c
firth dm ho inh huang truc tiep din nhu ciu ve vay von. Nhu
cAu ve von
cua
ho duqc xic djnh tren ca so phuong in sin xuat cua ho vi d61 tuqng sin xuat cita
Phuong in sin xuAt cua ho phii mang loi hiEu qui, phit hqp van chinh sich phit
trian
cOa
dja phtrcmg, sin xuAt theo phip lust. Th8ng thuang cic hi)
sin xuAt vay
vein de sin
xuat nhung trong mot so truong hop cu the thi ngin hang hart chi cho vay doi veri cic
ho sin xuAt kern hiEu qui, sin xuat nhOng mit hang co kha nAng tieu thy kern dem loi
thu nhip thip. Phuomg in sin xuAt cern h0 quyet djnh true tiep din nhu au vay vim
dm ho, tir d6 anh huang din hoot dung cho vay ho san xuAt cua ngfin hang. Nhung
khong phai bit cu ho nio ngin hang cfmg cho vay, ma con phu thuoc vio tai sin dim
bio cua ho, vao y thirc tri my dm ho. Diy la nhung yiu
t6 anti
huang din khi ning tri
nq cua h6
sin xuAt
khi den han tri hq nem hang, inh huang den chit luqng hoot &Ong
cho vay ho sin xuat cis ngin hang, giy rui ro cho ngfin hang khi ho san xuAt co tinh
khOng tra my, ter do inh hueng 16n din kha ming ma rung cho vay ho sin
xuAt

quy&
djnh true tiep den nhu
cAu vay von
dui the he. Lai suit ma cao qua thi cac he se
khong tiep can duqc yen nguen
von
cia ngan hang. Lai suit ma thip qua thi hoot dOng
cia ngin hang kern hieu qua, Ida nang sinh Itri thip. Do d6, ngan hang phai co chinh
sach xac djnh mire lai suit cho vay ho san xuat hqp ly de ca the tang kha nang cho
vay, thu hat cac ho san xuAt co nhu cau vay vein den ngan hang vay vein.
Chink sdch phtit trim hoist (king cho vay doi vai Ni
t stirs xuat
Ck chinh sach phat
trien
cia ngan hang ding anh huOng den quy me cia cho
vay ho san xuat. Mai ngan hang deu co nheng djnh hueng phat then, xac djnh Ichich
hang mqc tieu cho rieng minh. Neu muc tieu khong phai IA thj trifling nong then,
khach hang kh6ng phai la cac he san xuAt thi cac ho san xuat kh6 co the tiep can duqc
ngutn vein dm ngan hang. Neu ngan hang coi tong thj tnrong ding th6n la muc tieu
chd yeu, khach hang chi yeu IA cac ho sin xuAt thi ngfin hang luon luon uu tien phat
trien kinh to ho sin xuAt nhe d6 ma chinh sach cho vay he san
xuat
mei phat
then,
quy
mo cho vay he san xuat meri ma rung.
Nguan van huy dQng cut, nein hang
Khong chi co cac chinh sach phat trien cho vay man anti hutng den quy me cho
vay ho san xuAt ma de ca the ma reng cho vay thi doi hoi ngin hang phai c6 nguen
vein Ian, c6 kha nang dap irng nhu cau vay vein cia cac he san

ngin hang minh. De cac he san xuAt hitt' them ve ngan hang, giffp
hq Met ve cac hinh thirc cho vay, dui tqc, diEu kien vay yen, de hq co the tiep can veri
ngutn yen cua
ngfin hang.
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Co'
so 41 chat ctia ngan king
Cimg veri cac chInh sich phat trien ngan hang thi co sir vat chat dia ngan hang,
dei nge can b0 tin dung cua ngan hang cung c6 anh huemg den hoat deng cho vay he
san xuAt. Co ser vat chAt
ky
thuat de la mang Itreri rang lam thuan tien cho khich hang
giao djch, giam chi phi tin dung va thu het nhieu khich hang hen. Mang lueri chi
nhanh thuan tien, cac ho sin xuAt c6 the de" &mg tiep xuc veri chi phi thap nhAt thi se
thu but cac he sin xuat c6 nhu cAu vay vein den veri ngan hang nhieu hon.
Nang Ific cda cdn bQ fin dyng
DOi ngu can be tin dung la nguti truc flap, tiep Vic veri cac ho sari xuAt, hq la
ngutri true tiep thim djnh tai sin dm he va phuong in sin xuAt dia he c6 tinh kha thi
hay khong de cho vay. Deng then, can be tin dung ding la ngu&i giup der the ho
sat
xuAt lam h6 so vay van, giai thich cho he hieu thu laic vay von. DOi ngii nay ma c6
trinh de, c6 kinh nghiem thi hoot dOng cho vay he sin xuAt se phat trien dugc ci quy
mo va chat luong, dem lai hieu qua cho hoat dOng cua ngan hang.
1.3.2. Nhung nhan khdch quan
Nhang than t6 khach quan la nhfrng than t6 thu6c ve moi trutmg xung quanh
tutu : moi truong kinh to , moi twang phip ly, moi trubng to nhien xa hoi.
Mai truung kinh ti
Tinh hinh kinh to tai dja phuong ca Jut hieing lern den hoat deng cho vay he sin

thanh phai, do la cho vay he) san xuAt. Cho vay h0 san xuat coy nghla quan trong
trong viec phat then kinh to he). NHNN c6 chinh sach uu dai nhim phat trim cho vay
h0 san xuAt de phat trim kinh 4 dm cac ho san xuat trong xa hOi, tir de phat then kinh
to cua xa hOi. Ding thai yeti cac chinh sach cua nein hang thi Chinh phil va cac co
quan chinh quyen dja phtrang ding tao dieu kien cac h0 san xuAt co the tien hanh
san xuAt, vay von ngan hang mot each thuan den nhim phat then kinh to h0 san xuAt.
MOi mot chinh sach cua NHNN, Chinh phu ve viec phat then kinh 4 ho san xuAt deu
anh hang den hoat dOng cho vay ho san xuat cua cac ngan hang, guy& djnh den quy
mo cho vay h0 san xuAt.
Mili truitng nhien
Cac h0 san xuAt o nu& ta thuerng san xuAt trong nth vve 'long nghiep, day la
tinh vltc sari xuAt phv thuOc nhieu vao dieu kien to nhien. Neu dieu Wen Ai nhien
king thuan lqi thi san xuat cua cac he king hieu qua, lqi nhuan khOng cao, nhu cau
vay von de dau to san xuAt king cao. Neu dieu kien AT nhien thuan Lori, san xuat trong
nong nghiep dat hieu qua cao thi kich thich the ho san xuat dap Cmg nhu cAu cua cac
h0. Trong qua trinh san xuat cua cac h0 ding co the Op phii riri ro khi co thien tai xay
ra va anh hang den kha nang tra nq cua cac h1). Tit do chat luryng cho vay h0 san xuat
cua ngan hang bj giam xtiOng, t9 nq xAu cao, anh hang den hoat dOng mer King cho
vay h0 san xuAt cua ngan hang. CO the not day ding la yeu t6 anh hung lot den sv
phat trim cua kith to h0 san xuAt, d4c biet la the hi) san xuat On nu& ta, khi san xuAt
cua
hq chu yeu la trong 11th we noting nghi'ep, sv thanh cling hay that bai cua qua trinh
san xuAt phv thuk nhieu vio dieu kien tv nhien. Khi ne anh hang den kinh to dm h0
san xuat thi no ding anh hang den nhu cat' vay von ctia cac h0 san xuAt, tir d6 anh
hang den hoat dOng cho vay h0 san xuat dui nein hang.
Vim
a
chinh 14, xi hill
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xuAt tai
Ngan hang Nang nghi'ep
va Phat trim Nang th8n Viet Nam — chi nhimh huyen Hoii Due trong chuong 2.
Trang 17
CHUONG 2. THVC TWIG HOAT HONG CHO VAY DOI VOI HQ SAN
XUAT TAI NGAN HANG NONG NGHI$P VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON
VIET NAM — CHI NHANH HUY€N HOAI
Dec
2.1. Ding quan ve NOM hang Nong Nghitp va Phit Then Meng then Vitt Nam —
chi nhanh huytn Mai Dec
2.1.1. Vai nit vi Ngfin hang Nang Nghifp va PSI Triin Nang then Vitt Nam
NHNo&PTNT Viet Nam la ngan hang 16
.
n nhat Viet Nam ca ve
von,
tai san, dpi
ngii can by nhan vien, mang lueri hoat dOng va
so
lucmg khich hang. Tinh den
31/12/2014, vi the din
du cua
NHNo&PTNT Viet Nam lain ducm khing djnh ved tren
nhieu phucrng dien:
-
-
Ding tai sin: 762.869 t5
,
ding.
- Tong ngtiOn von: 690.191 t5
,

NHNo&PTNT Viet Nam la mOt trong
so cac
ngin hang c6 quan
114
ngfin hang
dai ly lem nhAt Viet Nam vol tren 1.000 nem hang dai 15
,
tai
gat' 100 qutc gia va vitt%
lath, 016.
NHNo&PTNT Viet Nam la Chu tjch Hiep hoi Tin dtmg Wag nghiep Nang them
Chau
A
Thai Binh Dtrcmg (APRACA) nhie'm IcY 2008 - 2010, la that'll vien Hiep hed
Tin dung Nang nghiep Quhc to (CICA) vi Hiep hed Ngan hang Chau
A
(ABA); dAng
cai
t6
chirc nhieu hen nghi guise
to
lern nhu: 1101 nghj FAO vao nam 1991, MN nghj
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APRACA vao nam 1996 va nam 2004, Hiji nghj tin dung nong nghiep quoc to CICA
vao nam 2001, Hiji nghj APRACA ye thuy san vao nam 2002
NIINo&PTNT Viet Nam la ngan hang hang Au tai Viet Nam trong viec tiep
nhan va trim khai cac dv an nuOc ngoai. Trong bei earth kinh
to
din bien phut tap,

da
trim
khai 116 trq 160 ty dong cho hai huyen Muting Ang va Tiva Chaa thuOc
tinh Dien Bien. Sau khi ban giao 2.188 nha a cho nguari ngheo vao 2009, thing 8/2010
NHNo&PTNT Viet Nam tiep We ban giao 41 khu nha a veri 329 phong, 40 khu ye
sinh, 40
h6
thong cap nu6c, 40 nha bep, 9.000m2 san
be
tong, trang thiet bj phvc vv
sinh hoat cho 38 truang hgc tren dja ban hai huyen nay. Ben canh 46, NHNo&PTNT
Viet Nam ung hi) xay dung nha tinh nghia, nha dal doan lc& tai nhieu dia phuong tren
ca nuac;
tang s6
Wet kiem cho cac cvu nu thanh nien xung phong co hob canh kh6
khan; tai trq kinh phi
m6
tim cho the em nho bj benh tim bim sinh; tai trq kinh phi xay
chmg Benh vien ung birth' khu vvc mien Trung; ton tao, tu b6 cac Di tich lich sir quiic
gia. Hang nam, can bij, vien chat trong toan he thOng (Jong gap 04 ngay lucmg ung h0
Quy den on dap nghia, Quy Ngay vi ngutri ngheo, Quy Bao trq tre em Viet Nam, Quy
tinh nghia nganh ngan hang. SO tien NHNo&PTNT Viet Nam dung gap cho cac hoat
dijng xa hsi tir thien vi cong dting tang don qua cac nam, rieng nam 2011 len tai 200 ty
nam 2012 la 333 ty' dting, nam 2013 tren 400 ty clang, nam 2014
g An
300 ty
ding.
Vei nhftng thanh tvu dat dirge, vao dfing dip Icy niem 21 nam ngly thanh lap
(26/3/1988 - 26/3/2009), NliNo&PTNT Viet Nam vinh dv dugc den T6ng Bi thu toi
tham va lam viec. TOng Bi thu bleu &rang nhang dang gap quan tong dm

giao luu phat
trier'
kinh te, thucmg mai.
Dac biet, vii viec hinh thanh cac khu cong nghiep Kim Chung, khu do thi
Hachico, khu Dai hqc Thanh DO,
Thi trim
Tram Troi, cong cac aim diem cong nghiep
Phimg, Lai Xa, ten dia ban, huyen Hoai Dire clang ter thanh nai co to
t
c dO phat trier'
cong nght'ep sot dOng !that trong toan vimg. Day chinh la the math Mo sire hip clan lin
cho huyen trong vice thu hit cac du an dau to vio host dOng trong tuong lai khong xa.
Vii he tiding ling nghE phong phi, da ding (35/54 ling ngha, trong dO co 8 ling
duqc cong nhin la ling nghe truyen thing) co be day truyen thOng hang tram nam nay
va
n6i tieng
ea nu& nhu: lang ky nghe 46 they San Dting, ling co kim khi Kim Chung;
lang
mien
Ducmg Lieu, Hoai Dire duce danh gia rat co tiEm fling de phat then cac
nganh ngh'E cong nghiep — tieu dal cong nghiep. Cling vii lye lucmg lao dOng din dao
clang timg buck
del:, can
vii ky thuat san xuat hien dai, day se la nhan
tó quyet
dinh de
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Thang Long University Library
huyen phat
trien

hog
dOng cim
ngfin hang ngay tang phat
then. Doi
nge can bij dirge tre hoa vi c6 trinh El0 chuyen
mon cao, nghiep vu chuyen sau.
Trong nhieu nam qua chi nhanh Won dirge tang thuemg nhieu phfin thuemg cao
qu5
,
nhu Huan chuong lao ding hang ba cho top the va ca nhan; Bang khen cim Thu
Wang Chinh phit; bang khen elm thong doe NHNN; bang khen cim UBND thanh ph6;
bang khen cim Dfing cOng sin Viet Nam
2.2. Ca au
to
chin cilia can Nein Wing Nang Nghitp Vi Phit Train Nang then —
chi nhanh huytn Hold Dire
Cho den nay,
king s6 can b0
tong nhan vien cim chi nhanh
g6m
c6 55 ngtrai. Bao
glim 6 phong nghiep vu, 1 ban giam dec. S6 hqp deing lao ding ma ceing ty k5
,
k'et
trong hcm 1 nam la 12 hap deng, hqp dang ngin han la 3 ngutd.
BO may quail 15
,
dm NHNo&PTNT Via Nam — chi nhanh huyen Hofii Dire dirge
the hien qua sa
sau:

Phong HCNS: Phong hanh chinh nhan stir
Phi:mg GD: Phi:mg giao dich,
s6
luqng: 03 phong giao dich tren town huyen
Phong KT ngan quy: Phong ke toan nein quy
Phong KHTH: Phong ke hooch tong hqp
Phong KT noi bp: phong kiEm tra nti b0
Vai tro va nhiem vu czia cac phong ban
Phbng tin dyng
PhOng tin dung c6 nhiem
vu
chinh la tnic tiep awe hien nghiep via tin dung theo
pham vi duqc phan cong va theo dimg phap quy va cfic quy trinh tin dung dti yeti mai
khich hang va thvc hien cac bin phap phit trien tin dung, dam bao an toan, hieu qua,
dam bao quyEn lqi cua ngfin hang trong hoot dOng tin dung, gOp phin phat teen bEn
yang, an toan, hieu qua tin dung cita toan chi nhanh.
Ben colt d6, phong tin dung con chill trach nhiem Marketing tin dung nhim dap
Ong sv hal long cita Ichich hang, to van cho khach hang sir dung san pham tin dung,
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dich vu va cac vAn de khac c6 lien quan, ph6 bien htremg din, giai dap thic mac cfia
khach hang ve cac quy dinh, quy trinh tin citing, dich vu cua Ngan hang.
Pheng ke loan ngan qui
Pheng ke toan ngin quy la not trite tiep hach toan thong ke va thanh toan theo
quy dinh cua NHNN, NHNo&PTNT Viet Nam. Nhiem vu chinh cita phong ke toan
ngan quy la xay chmg chi tieu ke hoach tai chinh, quyet toan Ice hoach, chi tai chink,
quy tien lucmg doi veri cac chi nhanh ten dia ban trinh ngan hang nong nghiep cap tren
phe duyet.
Ngoai ra Phong ke toan ngan quy can la ncri quan 11 va sir ding cac quy chuyen
thing theo quy dinh cua NHNo&PTNT Viet Nam tren dia ban, dOng thai nhan vien ke

ngoai te co lien quan den thanh than
quee te,
thvc hien cac dich vu kieu heti va chuyen
tiEn, ma tai khoitn khach hang nuec ngoai.
Phbng hank chink nhfin sv
Pheng hanh chinh nhan so IA not thy Ming twang trinh tong tic hang thing, quy
cila chi nhanh, va co trach nhiem thuemg xuyen don d6c viec thvc hien chuong trinh
da dirge giam d8c chi nhanh phe duyet.
Trong qua trinh hoat tong va phat Wien dm mirth, NHNo&PTNT Viet Nam — chi
nhanh huyen Hoai Dire da kh6ng ngimg doi meri vE co
eau t6
chirc, mpg lueri cac
phong ban nham dam bao hoot dOng dm chi nhanh doge dien ra thuan lqi nhat.
2.2.1. Gic hogt eking chink cilia cao Nglin hang Nfing nghifp va Ph& triin Ming
than — chi nhdnh hag& Hoai Dar
Veri vai tr6 la mOt
t6
chat tin dong, NHNo&PTNT Viet Nam — chi nhanh huyen
Hoai Due co nhdrig hoat dOng chu
yeu
sau:
Huy dOng

hoat dong nay vim nhieu hinh thirc huy dOng, bao g6m tiEn gui
co ky han (ngan han, trung han, va dai han) va khong Icy han cua cac
t6
chirc kinh
to
va
ca nhan tren dia bin huyen hoac cac vang Ian can.

dOng cho vay II hoat dOng dem Itti lqi nhuan chu
yeu
cho ngan hang.
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2.3. Wet quit host dijng kinh doanh ciia Nein hang Ming nghitp VA Phat Lien
Nang than — Chi nhanh huyen Hohi Dirt giai doan 2012 - 2014
2.3.1. link kink hay Ong von
CO the not host ding huy deng yen la host dOng quan tong 461 von hoot dOng
cfm tat ca cac ngan hang not chung va NHNo&PTNT Viet Nam — chi nhanh huyen
Hoai Due not rieng. Ngan hang la t6 chirc di vay de cho vay, la cong co km chuyen
von tir ncri thira vein sang noi thieu von do vay huy dOng vein &up ngan hang co van de
cho vay, tan dung duqc nguon yen nhan rot trong dan cu.
Nam bit dirge dieu cot lOi nay, lanh dao NHNo&PTNT Viet Nam — chi nhanh
huyen Hoai Due da c6 nhieu bin phap de thu but nguon vein trong met khoang Mai
gian dai nhu uu dal lai suit, giam that gian lam thu tpc, trao cac phAn qua nhan vio
cac dip le cho khach hang, cac chucmg trinh tri an khach hang lau nam , btrac dAu co
the thAy duqc hieu qua dm the bien phi!) nay khi se vein ngan hang huy deng duqc
tinh tien theo tong nam.
Xfit ve
quy m8
Co the thAy quy m6 huy dOng von cfia ngan hang tang deu qua tang nam, co the
nam 2013 dfit mirc 502,24 tj
,
ding, tang 130,82 tj
,
so yeti nam 2012, dat tjr lg tang
twang 35,22%. Sang den nam 2014, quy mo huy deng von cfia ngan hang la 733,55 tjr
ding, tang 231,31 tj
,