PHONG TRAO CONQ N H A N Vi MUC TIEU DAN SINH
or CAC 0 6 THI MIEN NAM VIET NAM GIAI OOAN1954-1959

LfeCUNG'

T

rong khfing chd'ng My, cflu nfldc
(1954-1975), cing vdi phong trfio
dlii tranh chung c i a nhdn ddn miln Nam,
phong trfio cfing nhdn d cde dd thj diln ra
h^t sic sdi n6i tfl nhflng ngfiy diu khi chl"
dd 'Viit Nam Cdng hda" vfla thfinh l|ip cho
dl'n ngfiy cao chung (30-4-1975), Do hgn
cb^ ve tfl lidu, nhilu cupc dd'u tranh cia
cdng nhdn miln Nam chfla dfldc phan anh
diy d i trong cfic cdng trinh nghien ciiu lich
si, hodc cfic cdng trinh lien quan. Vide
nghien cflu m$t each diy d i vd h$ thd'ng vl
phong trfio cdng nhfin miln Nam trong
khfing chiln chd'ng My, ciu nfldc !d hi't sflc
cin thilt, Bfii vil't nfiy gidi hgn trong vi^c
tim hieu: "Phong trdo c6ng nh&n vi muc
tieu d&n sinh d cdc dd thi miin Nam Viit
Nam giai dogn 1954-1959", gdp phin nh^n
thie ro hdn vl ljeh s i dan t ^ ndi chung vfi
phong trfio cfing nhfin miln Nam ndi ridng,
T i eudi ndm 1954, phong trdo cfing
nhdn d cde dd thj miln Nam da phfit khdi,
Tgi Sdi Gdn, ngfiy 7-12-1954, cu$e bdi cdng
cua cdng nhfin da diSn ra trong 24 xfldng

cd'p cho gia dinb. Vdo 14 gid 30, ngdy 25-31955, Nghidp dodn t h i y didn Hul^ da hpp
Hdi nghi b i t thfldng tai Try sd nghifip dofin
Trung Vi0t, 35 dfldng Hfing Bd (nay Id
dfldng Huynh Thie Khang) Hul. H§i nghj
kdu goi todn thi cfing nhdn thuy di^n H u l
^ n h cdng ngay Idp t i e vfi c i Ban dgi di§n
din tinh dfldng Thfla Thidn ndu ydu sdch.
Tinh trfldng T b i a Thidn bu^c phai td chic
ngay m^t eu$e hda giai gii3a dgi di^n cfing
nhdn vdi c h i hang Thiy di§n Hul". Din 18
gid 30, m^t sd' nguydn vpng cua cfing nhfin
dflpc giai quylt, nbflng hfim sau (26-3-1955),
cu$c doi thoai vin til'p tyc dcfn 21 gid. Kit
qua, chu hfing Thuy di§n H u l phai thoa
man nhiing nguydn vpng cia cong nhdn:

VI vy tranh chflip trfin dfiy, trong Cfing
vfin ed 334/LD/ANXH ngfiy 29-3-1955 gii
Thanh tra Lao d$ng vfi An ninh Xfi h^i Vi$t
Nam (Sfii Gdn), Thanh tra Lao d^ng vfi An
ninh Xfi h^i Trung Vi§t cho bilt: "Trong vu
ndy, cdc cdng nh&n dd t\t d^ng m^t cdch
qud ddng do Liin hi$p Nghidp (fodn Trung
Vi^t xii due, da bdt chdp cd phdp ludt md
tdng dinh cdng, bin chu nh&n dd phdn
khdng kich li^t" (4).
Cufii nfim 1955, cfing nhfin xe vdn tii
cfing c^ng tuyfo H u l - Nong - Truli - Ciu
Hai - Dfi NSng dinh cfing. Do vi$c chinh
quyin Ngfi Dinh Di§m tgi Thfla Thifin gfiy

tranh kidn quylt, dn trpng tfii cia chfnh
quyin Ngfi Dinb Di^m bu^c phai tuydn bd:
"Viic sa thdi 22 cdng nh&n li bdt hgp phdp
vi khdng cd ly do chinh ddng vd truyin chu
nk&n phdi trd ngodi phg cdp tkeo lu^t dinh
tiin bii thuifng thi^t hgi vi bai u&c qud
Igm" (13) vd bu(ke c b i nhfin phai tbi hfinh
trong 15 ngfiy,
Tdi ngdy 23-4-1956, da qud thdi hgn,
song ehi hang vin khfing chju thi hfinh,
Lidn hi§p Ngbi§p dodn T h i a Thidn da gii
cfing vdn dl'n Thanh tra Lao dfing vd An
ninh Xfi hfii Trung Vigt (Hul) vgch ro sfl
bOi fldc eua ehi xfldng vd tuydn bfi^; "Niu
din hii mudi hai gid trUa ngdy 25 thdng 4
ndm 1956 md chi sd Thiy diin vdn gii
thdi do ngoan cd thi eking tdi se cUOng
quyit ddt pkd bS.ng nhitng biin phdp cing
"Nhu thivi^c Idm dn cia cdng nk&n bdn
rdn vd hop phdp" (14),
bdo si bi Nka pkdt hdnh Thdng nhit chi
Den 12 gid trfla ngfiy 25-4-1956, c b i phdi vd vi quyin lgi bi mdt mdt bdng mdt
hang vin khong chiu tbi hdnh ban fin trong cdck vd cd. nin todn tki ddng ding lin
tdi ngfiy 5-4-1956, ndn tfi't ea cfing nhfin sd trank ddu di dbi kSi kdu gii ving quyin
Thiy di^n Hul^ da dinh cfing theo Ipnh cua lgi ciia minh" (17).
Lidn hi§p nghidp dodn Thia Thidn. Chi
Vd'n dl nfiy, Nghi$p dodn bdn bdo dd gii
hdng bupc phai nh^n thda mdn mpi dilu 3 bic thu cho Gifim ddc Nhfi Phfit hfinh
khoan da dflpc ghi trong dn trong tdi ngfiy Thd'ng n h i t , ylu ciu chfi'm d i t vi$c bfin bdo
5-4-1956,

hdi gidy pkip vd ngUng cdp mdn bdi cko cfing nhdn, 35 cfing nhdn Id lia phidn 15
cdc nhd pkdt hdnh khdc cdng cdc sgp bdo gid din 23 gid tilp tyc nghi vi^c, Tilp theo,
bdn li" (20).
35 edng nhan (phidn t i 23 gid din 7 gid
Cfmg thdi gian trdn, diln ra cupc dinb sfin^, rdi 35 cdng nhfin (phidn t i 7 gid sdng
cdng c i a cfing nhdn t h i y didn Chp Qudn din 15 gid) deu khfing den sd. Ngdy hfim
(Sdi Gdn). Nguydn nhdn cua cudc cfinh cdng sau (27-3-1956) todn thd cfing nhfin Thiy
ndy Id do Trfldng todn ngfldi Phap Eenard di^n Chd Qudn dinh cdng.
phgt "treo gid" hai ngdy ddi vdi mfit cdng
Cufie dilu (flnh hai bdn tgm thdi giai quylt
nhan Vidt Nam (Nguyin Chi Cao). T i dfi ngflng vifc 4 ngfldi trong dd cfi Renard, dl
dfin dl'n cudc xd xdt gifla hai ngfldi. Nguyin cdng nhan cd tbl trd lai 1dm vide (21),
Chl Cao bi dfinh bim mfit, Renard bi
Tilp theo, cuflc diu tranh cia cflng nhdn
thfldng d diu. Chu hang Thuy didn Chp Thiy di^n Sdi Gdn diln ra dai ding, kdo
Qudn quyl't dinh sa thai Nguyin Chf Cao. ddi t i thang 8-1956 din 1957. Nguydn
Tilp theo, ngdy 26-3-1956, chu hang ra nhfin cia cufie diu tranh nfiy l i do ddi sfi'ng
Idnh sa thai thdm hai cdng nhfin Vi^t Nam khd kbfin cia cfing nhfin, Ifldng thfi'p so vdi
^ 5 Ngpc Anh vd Lflu Hdng Cim) vl nghi gifi ca sinh hogt, Trong bang ngfin sdch gia
ca hai fim mt/u vdi Nguyin Chf Cao ddnh dinh cia m^t cfing nhfin thiy di§n ed vp vd
Trfldng tofiji Renard.
2 eon thi bfing thdng cin phai cd 3,185$00
Vide sa thai cdng nhfin mfit cdch t i y mdi d i sdng, nhflng Ifldng chi cfi 1.500$00
tidn, vd cd c i a chi hfing Thiy di^n Chp (22), ngbia lfi chfla dgt 50% so vdi ydu ciu;
Qudn gfiy ndn phan i n g t i c thdi dSi vdi trong lie dd, d Sdi Gdn, ggo Id m$t hfing
cfing nhdn, 15 gid ngdy 26-3-1956, 35 cfing chi ydu trong ddi sdng hdng ngdy thi dU^c
nhan lfim trong Id l i a (phien t i 15 gid tdi bdn theo gid chq den. Td Information
23 gid) ngflng vi0e dd phan ddi lenh sa thai (Paris, 12-1-1956) vilt: "d Sdi Gdn gid ggo
hai cdng nhfin Dd Ngpc Anh va Lflu Hfing chd den Un din 1.700 ddng/tg. Ti xUa tdi
e l m . Cufie dinh cdng da dflpc sfl hudng iing nay, ngUdi ta ckUa bao gid tkdy hi^n tugng

kip di l&p kip thi 4, kkdng lgi cko cdng An, D i Ning td chic hing chyc cudc biiu
nh&n. V&y yiu cdu Cdng ty tuyin ngUdi mdi tinh chdng c h l dd 1dm vi^c hd khic, chdng
di l&p kip tki 4;
dudi vide, ddi chfl'm d i t b i t bd, tra t i n v i
5) Cdp cko ngudi Idm vi^c 8 gid liin m(S* t i diy cfic cfin bd nghidp dofin, Thfing 11phu cdp qudy cam Id 15$" (24).
1967, cfing n h l n toin ngdnh hoa xa miln
Sudt 2 thdng 9 vfi 10-1956, Thanh tra Nam tiin h i n h dgi hdi, de ra c h i trfldng,
Lao dpng chfnh quyin Sdi Gdn ding ra hda bidn phfip dd'u tranh bao vd quyin Ipi cho
giai nhung khdng thdnh, Ngdy 21-2-1957, cfing n h l n v i ra kiln nghf ddi chfnh quyin
Hdi dfing xdt vd quylt djnh: Bac bo 3 ydu Sii Gdn tra tM do cho C h i tich vd ThU ky
ciu diu (1, 2 vfi 3) vfi chtfp thu§n 2 dilu nghidp doin ngfinh, ciing nhiing cfing nhdn
dang bi giam gifl. Nhiing kidn nghi v i ydu
sau (5 vfi 6),
Song ddi vdi cdng nhfin thi "diim xin sdch cia dgi hdi ngdnh hda xa da dflpc
nghidp
doin cfing nhfin cfic nginh khdc d
tdng luang Id diim chink, diim ndy bi bdc,
nin coi quyit nghi cia H^i ddng trgng tdi Sfii Gdn, Chp Ldn v i mdt sd thinh phd, th)
nhu dd xi cdng nk&n kodn todn thua" (25). x i ddng tinh iing bd(3flng nhfln khdng nh$n quylt nghj nfiy,
Sang nfim 1958, phong trio cflng nhan
tilp tyc d | trinh vy vi§c ldn Bd Lao ddng vSn tilp tyc diln ra trdn mdt didn rdng.
(Sdi (5dn) vd ngfiy 21-3-1957, td chflc bdi Cudc bfii cflng cua cdng nhfln hing diu
nghi vfi "biiu quyit niu khdng dupe tdng Caltex h N h i Bd (Sii Gdn) kdo dii trong 10
luang se dink cdng" (26),
ngfiy, b i t d i u t i ngiy 28-2-1968. Cflng
Thfing 5-1957, H^i dfing Lidn Bd Lao . nhfin ddi gidi chii My phai tdng Ifldng vi
ddng, Cdng chanh vd Kinh td hpp vfi nh^n khfing dflpc ddnh d|p, sa thai cdng nhfln.
thfi'y cdc ly do chfnh cia si^ tranh chfi'p Id:
Hfldng i n g cudc d i u tranh cua cflng
a) Trong kki 3 kip Idm ca ngdy ngki, tki nhfln hing Caltex, cflng nhfln cic hing diu

dfi ldi eudn sy tham gia eua nhilu ting Idp,
nhilu ngdnh kinh td v i diln ra d nhilu ndi
trdn mien Nam. Qua phong trdo, cdc ting


Rghien eHru Lich aJr. atf 4.8018

40
lip nhfin dfin d miln Nam cing tbiy rd
nguydn nhfln ciia tinh trgng dinh ddn v i bd*
tic vl kinh t i d miln Nam.
Trong nim 1969, ndi b | t l i cudc bfii
cdng cua 1.200 cdng nhfln n h i mfiy bia,
nude ngot BGI d Sfii Gdn diln ra ngdy 25-51959. Trong thdi gian bfii cfing, cfic n i cdng
nhfin trong nhfi mdy da chia thdnh tiing
tdp, thay nhau nim can dfldng, khfing cho
xe mang hing ra khdi nhfi mdy dl di bdn.
Cfic nghidp doin xfch Id, nghidp dodn cfing
nhfin didn, nfldc, cdc nghidp dodn xe dd Sfii
Gdn v i Tfly Ninh nhidt lidt i n g hd cfing
nhfln hfing BGL

*
l i m hilu myc tidu dfin sinh trong phong
trio cfing nhfin d cdc dfi thi miln Nam Vidt
Nam giai dogn 1954-1959 cd thd r i t ra mdt
sd nhfin dinh e h i ylu sau:
1. Dfldi c h l dd My v i chfnh quyin Ngfi
Dinh Didm, ddi sdng eua cdng nhdn gdp rfi't
nhilu khd kbfin, t i n g qufin do tfnh chfiit

dinh cdng vfi tidn ldn tdng bfii cdng,... gidnh
thing Ipi tiing bflflc, p h i hpp vdi chi
trfldng eua Dang trong giai dogn diu ciia
cfich mgng miln Nam (1954-1969).
3. Trong bdi canh Ijch s i cdch mgng miln
Nam lie bfiiy gid, khi m i chfnh quyin Ngfi
Dinh Didm tidn hinh khing bd'dc Udt nhihig
ngfldi ydu nfldc, nhthig ngfldi khflng ctain
qua nhfllig chiln djch "tdC^ng", nhiing "Qude
sack dinh diin", "Qude sdch Khu trii m^",
"Ludt 10/59",... phong trio cdng nhfln d cdc
dd th) mi&i Nam vi myc tilu dfin sinh giai
dogn 1954-1959 dfl pheTi h ^ nh)p nhing vdi
nhiing hogt ddng cua lijlc lUpng vii trang tijt vd
v i phong trio didt dc, phfl 1dm ngiy cfing
phdt triln. Phong trio dfl mdt m$t gdp phin
lim suy ydu chfnh quyin Ngfl Dbih Didm vd
m$t chfnh tr), khing dpih tfnh chfiit btfp binh
cua mdt chfnh quyin Sii Gdn khfing cfi cd sd
xd hdi; m$t khflc, nd dfl tgo ra nhflng ti&i d6
h i t sic quan tryng nhim chuyin phong trio
cfich mgng m i ^ Nam sang mdt bfldc phdt
triln mdi cao hdn.

CHUTHfCH
(1), Vi$n Mic - LSnin, Vi?n Ljeh ai Dang.
(2). Cfioc vin id 397BC/I ngiy 13-1-1966. cia
Nhitng su kiin lich si Ddng. T^p lU. Nxb. ThfingTinh trudng Thiia Thidn gii tjy ban Dgi biiu
tin Ly luftn. Hi N$i, 1985, tr. 22-23.
Chfnh phu tgi Trung Yi^t Hul, Trung tdm LUu trO

Trung tfim Luu trQ Qufic gia II. Ky hifiu tii li?u
TNTP.21.316.
(11). Cfing di$n (Mit, KhIn) atf 314-UVANXH
ngiy 31-3-1956, ciia Thanh tra Lao dfing Trui«
Vi§t gill T^ng Thanh tra Lao dfing Vi|t Nam (Sfii
Gfin). Trung tfim Luu trQ Qufic gia II. Ky hi^u tfii
lifu TNTP.10312.
(12). Cfing v i n stf 433/VP/CT.Mngiy 2-4-1956,

41
cua Th) tnrdng D i Ning gii fing D^i biiu Chfnh
phu t^i Trung Vifit. Trung tfim Luu trO Qufic gia
n . Ky hi?u tii li?u TNTP.10312.
(13), Difin m$t ngiy 4-10-1956, cua dgi biiu
Chfnh phii Trung Vifit gCii chfnh quy^n Ngfi IMnh
Di^m tgi Sfii Gfin, Trung tfim LUu trO Qufic ^ a II.
Ky hiOu tii li?u TNTP,21,316,
(14). Cfing vfin stf 313 LH/TT ngfiy 23-4-1956,
cua Lifin hi$p Nghifp dofin Thtia Thiin guli Thanh
tra Lao dfing v i An ninh Xi hfii Trung Vi$t, Hul,
Trung tfim LUu trQ Qufic gia II, Ky hifiu tii li$u
TNTP.21.316.
(15), (16). Cflng v i n atf 1960/HCSV/P2 ngiy 266-1956, cua D^i biiu Chtnh phu tai Nam Vi0t gijli
Bfi trUdng Phii Tdng thtfng. Trung tfim Luu trQ
Qufic gia II. Ky hifiu t i i li$u Dfi nhlCt Cfing hfia •
16,226.
(17), (18). Cfing v i n atf 53-TB/M ngiy 19-61956, ciia Canh sit trUdng, Trudng phfing Tiah
bio giJii Giara dfic canh s i t Dfi thinh Sii Gfin - Ch?
Eifin. Trung tfim Luu trfl Qufic gia II. KJr hifu tii
hfiu Dfi n h i t C^ng hfia -16.229.

khoa md cia ngd tkugng du... "Trdi qua
nhiiu thiky, tinh ndy trd thdnh ving dim
ngdn ngia nUdc Tdu khoi de dga, x&m lUgc
An Nam vdo nhitng tinh pkia Nam cia Bac
Kyvd Trung Ily~il).
Nhdn thflc d^i(fc tlm quan trong cia
ving d i t niy ddi vdi cudc ddu tranh giinh
ddc Idp dfln tdc, ngay t i khi mdi ra ddi,
Dang ta da c i nhilu cdn bd ddn ddy tuydn
truydn, giic ngfi qudn ching, xdy di^g cdc
CO sd cdch mgng. Sxf ra ddi cua cO sd Dang
diu tidn ciia tinh Thdi Nguydn d xa La Bing
(huydn Dgi Ti) vio cufii ndm 1936 da ddnh
dd'u bfldc trfldng thinh quan trong cia
phong trio cIch mgng tinh Thdi Nguydn,
T i nim 1939 ddn ndm 1941, trfldc
nhing diln bidn pbflc tgp cua tinh binh
t b l gidi vd trong nfldc, Dang ta da kip thdi
chi dgo chuyin hfldng chidn Ifl^c cdch

mgng. Qui trinh chuydn hfldng chi dao
chidn Iflijc niy dflfle thi^c hidn qua 3 Hdi
ngh) Un thfl 6, 7, 8 c i a Ban Chljp hinh
Trung fldng Dang, Chfnh nhflng chi
trfldng, quylt sflch dflpc dfla ra t i nhflng
hdi ngh) niy da gdp phin tfch cflc, quydt
d)nh din sijt binh t h i n h vd phdt triln cua
phong trdo cIch mang c i a quIn ching ndi
chung vd phong trio d i u tranh du kfch d
tinh Thdi Nguyfin nfii ridng.

vu trang cfich mgng diu tidn cua Dang,
chuIn bi nhing dieu kidn cin thidt sdn
sdng diu tranh vu trang chdng dich khing
bd trong giai dogn sau.
Trdn ed sd phong trdo each mgng dfldc
gifl vflng vd md rdng, ngiy 15-9-1941, tai
ring Khufin Manh, ling Ngpc My, xa
Tring Xd, huydn Vd Nhai, tinh Thfii
Nguydn, Trung dfii Ciu qude qudn II dflpc
thdnh Up, Sau khi thinh Idp, Trung dfii
Ciu qude qufin II da cfi nhilu hogt dfing
tfch cflc, trdn t i t ca cfic mdt: md rpng dia
bin boat ddng, hufi'n luydn chfnh tri, qufin
sfl vd chdng dich khing bd trdn cdn c i d)a
Ble Sdn - Vfi Nhai. Trong tam thdng diu
tranh khfing mdt moi (ti thdng 7-1941 din
thang 2-1942), cac chiln sy trung ddi Ciu


Rghien cihi L|eh a i . stf 4.2012
qude qufin II dfl phdi hpp vdi quIn ching
nhdn dfln chiln dfl'u trong nhing dilu kiln
vfi cing khfi khin, gian khi, tidu hao nhilu
sinh life d)ch, bio vd v i phdt triln li^c
lupng cdch mgng: "S{t tin tgi cia Citu qude
qu&n cd y ngkla quan trgng, thi hi$n vai
trd lank dgo cua Bdng, sic mgnh dodn kit
qudn, d&n vd tinh thdn cdch mgng eua
ddng bdo cde d&n t^c..." (6),
Mdt khfic, cflng trong thdi gian niy,

"Ti ngdy dUpc chgn lim ndi xfly dyng
ATK2, hai huydn P h i Binh vd Phd Yin d i
to ra Xing dang vdi si^ tin cdy cia Trung

fldng v i cua Xfl uy, gii ^ n an toin cho cd
quan Unh dgo cao nhdt cua Dkng cho ddn
ngiy Cflch mgng Thing Tfim nflm 1945
thinh cfing" (6).
Phong trio cflch mgng phfit triln, li^
Iflpng qudn du kfch tdng nhanh vd sd
Iflpng, ddi hdi C i u qude qufln phai dupe td
chic, quIn ly ch^t chfl hdn. Dupc si^ chi dgo
cia Trung Udng Dang, ngdy 15-2-1944, ll
thinh U P Dd tam trung ddi Ciu qude qufin
d i dflpc td chic trpng thd tgi ritng Khudi
K)ch (Sdn Dfldng - Tuydn Quang). T i mdt
trung ddi vdi 47 cdn bd, chidn sy hogt ddng
trin mdt dja bin nho bgp ciia huydn Vfi
Nhai (Thfii Nguydn), Ciu qude qufin da phdt
triln thinh hai trung ddi vii hdng trflm ddi
vidn, hogt ddng trdn dja bdn rdng ldn thudc
cdc huydn: V6 Nhai, £Hnh Ca, Dgi TH, Djnh
Hfia, P h i Lfldng (Thfii NguySn). Bic Son.
Bhih Gia, Trdng Djnh G-ang Son), Ydn Thi,
Hflu Limg (Ble Giang), Sdn Dfldng, C^dm
Hda (Tuydn Quan^ v i Chp Ddn (Bic Kgn).
SM trfldng thinh nhanh chdng cCUig nhflng
thing Ipi to lfin m i Ciu qude qufln d i giinh
dflpc chi!tng td r i n g dfldng loi cdch mgng vi
81^ chi dgo xfly dflng li^c Iflpng vii trang

cung nhfl cia phong trdo dfi'u tranh ndy. qufin ddu dd td chic dfldc cfic trung d^i tfl
Mdt khfic, ngay t i kbi phong trio mdi b i t vd, tidu dpi ti^ vd- Lflc Ifldng ty vd niy dupe
diu nhen nhdm hinh thdnh vd ddc bidt li Ciu qude qufin huln luydn vl chfnh trj vd
nbflng lie phong trdo suy thodi, Trung quan si^ dl 1dm giao thfing lidn lgc, bao vd
fldng Dang v i Xfl uy Ble ky ddu kjp thdi cd sd v i edn bfi cdch mgng, tuydn truyen
dua ra nhflng ehi dgo chidn lUpc, sfich Iflpc cfich mgng, tring trj bpn tay sai phan
nhim vijtc ddy, phdt triln phong trdo, Si^ ddng, td chic quIn chung vio cfic Hpi Ciiu
chi dao c i a Trung fldng Dang tbl bipn ro qude. Dfiy Id ngudn bl aung lflc Iflpng rfing
nhd't qua nhiJng nghi quydt tai cdc Hdi lfin cia Ciu qude quan (7),
nghj cua Ban Chd'p h i n h Trung fldng Un
Tfim lgi, dfldi sU lanh dao cia Trung
thfl 6, 7, 8. Nhieu cfin bd Trung fldng v i Xfl fldng Dang va X i i y Ble Ky, qudn v i ddn
i y da dflde c i ldn cbi dgo, ho trp, thfim chf tinh Thai Nguydn, md lflc lupng Cvhi qude
cbi huy tnJc tidp phong trio nhfl: ddng ehi qufin l i ndng cdt da tiin bdnb eufic dfi'u
Trin Ding Ninh, Hoang Vdn Thu. Hodng tranh du kich chdng dich khung bd hit sflc
Qude Vidt, Dao Vdn Trfldng, Ngd Thd Sdn, oanh lidt vd adi ndi trdn cdn c i dia cfich
' Trin Minh Chfiu... Nhd sfl ehi dgo sat aao mgng cia minh. Cudc ddu tranh diln ra vd
dd mi phong trdo diu tranh du kfch di§n cflng kbdc li^t gian nan bdi thflc dfin Phap
ra trdn dia bdn tinh Thdi Nguyen ludn di kidn quydt thflc hidn cho ky dflpc nhOng
ding hfldng, cd dfldc nhilu thdng ldi.
dm mflu, thu dean t i n khdc eua ching
Nhiing lflc Ifldng du kfch d tinh Thdi nhflng kdt qua cuoi eung thing Ipi vin
Nguyen (Ciiu qufic qufln I, II, III) la li^c thufic vd phfa chfnh nghia, vd phfa cdch
Iflpng du kfch, lflc Iflpng vu trang diu tidn mgng. Danh gid vl phong trdo dd'u tranh
hinh thdnh d Vidt Nam dfi l i mfit trong du kfch v i vl Cflu quoc qudn cl Thdi
nhing nhflng dpi qufin tidn thfin eua Qufln Nguydn ndi ridng, trdn dja bdn Vidt Bic,
dpi Nhfin dan Vipt Nam. Thflc tiSn cdch ndi chung, cd Tdng Bi thfl Ld Duin da vidt:
mgng Vidt Nam thdi ky ndy cbo tbd'y: ddy "Sink ra vd ldn ddn lin trong phong trdo
ehfnh Id nhiing lflc Iflpng vu trang diu tiSn cdck mgng rgng ldn cia qudn ching, cdc
dflpc hinh thdnh, duy tri vd phdt triln dfldi d0i qu&n Ciu qude vd gidi phong md thanh

dng cua ndng ddn va du ludn
xa hdi.
Quyen sir dung dugc giao
cho cac thuc thd khdc nhau
ndm giii, bao gdm ca nhdn, cdc
hd gia dinh vd cdc td ehiic
chinh trj-xa hdi. Quydn sir dung
dd't cGng dugc xdc Idp trdn
nhidu loai dd't khdc nhau.

rach rdi giiia quyen si^ dung
Hai Id, quan trgng ban, la
(dd Id Idu ddi) vd quyen sd cdn phan djnh rach rdi ranh
hint trong hd thd'ng phap luat gidi giGa ba loai quydn vd ddt
ciia nha nudc vd da't dai; va dai hien nay trong he thd'ng luat
quan trgng ban Id luat phdp phdp, dac biet la trong Ludt Ddt
cua nha nudc chua cdng nhdn dai, vd trdn co sd dd, xem xet
mdt cdch dung miic quydn tai cdng nhan quyen tdi sdn cd
san cd nhdn cua cdc chu thd nhdn ciia ede thuc thd xa hdi
ndm giii quydn sd dung ddt cho phu hgp vdi thuc tidn xa
ndng nghidp.
hdi dang vdn ddng trong bdi
Trdn eo sd dd, chiing tdi de canh Vidt Nam xdy dung mdt
xudt mdt sd quan didm cdn ndn kinh td thj trudng dfnh
dugc xem xet trong qua trinh hudng xa hdi chu nghTa. Ve
sua ddi luat phap vd dd't dai va didm nay, mdt sd nha khoa hgc
Mot sd van de dang dat ra
thuc hien chfnh sdeh dd't dai cung dua ra nhirng nhan djnh
va hudng giai quyet
nhu sau: Mgl Id, dd tridn khai tuong tu, ching han chinh sach

phdp ludt ciia nha nudc hidn nha nudc.
thd, chinh sack vd lugt phdp
vdn chua ed mdt sU phdn bidt
Tai n g u y § n y g Moi t r u d n g | Ky 2-Thang

ft/2012

^Q


cua nhd nudc ve dd't dai nen
cong nhdn quyen sd dung dd't
nhu ingi loai tdi sdn cd nhdn d
mdt miic dd manh me ban. Dd
Idm dugc vide ndy, hd thd'ng
phdp luat vd da't dai phai 1dm ro
dugc ranh gic'fi giiia quyen sd
hiTu vd qityen sddung, phdi xdc
dinh ranh gidi ciia quydn sd
hiiu va quydn sd dung.
Theo chiing tdi, nd'u xdt vd
cd'u tnic vd quan hd dd't dai
trong xa hdi Vidt Nam truydn
thd'ng va hien dai thi vin dc tai
san ca nhdn trong dd't ndng
nghidp Id rdt quan irgng, vi dd't
ndng nghidp tCr Idu da Id mdt
loai tu Iidu san xud't vd mdt thii
hdng hda dac bidt. Vide khdng
cdng nhan dung mdc tdi san cd

dung ddt, ndn cdn bd nhd nudc
d nhidu noi da Igi dung ehde
quydn dd tham nhiing ddi dai.
d cdp dd vT md, Vidt Nam
da cdng nhdn nhidu thdnh phdn
kinh td khdc nhau tao nCn mdt
nen kinh iC nhieu thdnh phdn
theo dinh hUdng sd hdi chti
nghia. DT nhidn, cdc thdnh phdn
kinh td ndy cdn phai tdn tai trdn
CO sd hay ndn tang ciia ede hinh
thiic sd hiiu tucflig iing vd tu
lieu san xudt. Nhung dudng
nhu phdp ludt hidn hdnh mdi
dtmg lai d su cdng nhdn ddi vdi
cdc hinh thiic sd biin khdc nhau
vd tu Iidu san xud't ndm ngoai
ngudn luc ddt dai.
Ba Id, ridng ddi vdi ddt
ndng nghidp, cd le da den luc
Dang va Nha nude ta cdn bd
ban didn vd mat thdi gian va ndi
rdng ban didn vd mat khdng
gian. Nha nudc ndn quydt djnh
giao Idu ddi quydn su dung ddt
cho ngudi san xudt ndng nghidp
va khdng ndn ban chd quy md
ndm giii quydn sir dung dd't
trong khudn khd nhu da vd
dang thuc hidn theo qui djnh.

dfch an ninh qud'c phdng ha)
cac du dn cd f nghia kinh td chfnh tri, hoac an ninh-qudc
phdng ddc bidt quan trgng. Con
vdi cac muc dfch kinh te va
thuong mai thi cdn phai ap
dung hinh thdc thu hdi tu
nguydn mdt cdch minh bach va
cdng bang.
Ndm la, cdng tdc quy
hoach, quan ly va sii dung Ml
ciia Nha nudc va ciia cac t^
chiic chfnh trj - xa hdi d ca cdp
vT md va vi md cdn phai dupc
cha'n chinh mdt cdch nghifim
tuc dd dat hidu qua kinh te va
tfnh bdn viing cao hem. Nha
nudc cdn cd hdnh ddng^dn
quyd't va manh me hon, cu th^
la cdn tidn hanh ra sodt, ddnh
gia va phdn loai cac du an da
thu hdi, ddc bidt Id cdc.duan
thu hdi vdi quy m6 ldn. Ndu
nhiing du an dd't khdng>jiu
dung hode six dung khdng hidu
qua thi cdn phai sdm thu Jl^i
lai quydn sii dung da't dd.giao
hoac giao lai cho nhflng.ngi|&i
san xudt ndng nghidfl
nguyen vgng va kha nang
dung da't ndng nghidp,