PHAT HUY VAI TRO CUA NGlTOfl VIET
TRONG SU^ PHAT TRIEN BEN VLTNG
CUA QUOC GIA DA DAN TOG VIET NAM
Bill Xudn Binh

Dat van de
Viet Nam la qude gia da toe ngudi, gdm ngudi Viet va 53 toe ngudi thieu so.
Tuy CO ngudn gdc, thai gian sinh song d Viet Nam khae nhau va cd Irinh do phat
trien kinh te - xa hgi khdng ddng deu, song cac tde ngudi ludn doan kdt, gSn bd dh
Cling xay dung va bao ve dat nude. Vdi nhirng dac diem rieng ve ngudn gdc va cu
tni, ve dan so (chiem 85,7% dan sd ca nude, theo Tdng dliu tra dan so vd nhd a
Viet Nam nam 2009) va trinh do phat trien kinh te - xa hgi, sudt trong li6n trinh Ijch
su, ngudi Viet ludn giij vai trd to Idn trong sir phat triln cua qude gia da toe ngudi
Viet Nam tren tat ca cac mat.
Ngay nay, dat nude ciing nhu mdi toe ngudi d nude la dang dung tmde
nhirng thuan Igi, ca hgi va thach thue to Idn cua sy nghiep cdng nghiep hda, hien
dai hda, hgi nhap qude te va cua loan cau hda. Mdi toe ngudi va vung tdc ngudi cd
vi tri, vai trd rieng trong sy phat trien ben viing, trong cdng cuge giir vijng chu
quyen va loan vgn lanh thd, doe lap dan toe, nang cao vj the ctia qude gia dan tdc
Viet Nam tren tmdng qude te. Trong bdi canh van de dan tdc dang ngay cang trd
nen sdi dgng, dd bi cac the lye thii dich Igi dung vao cac am muu "diln bidn hoa
binh", yeu cau cung cd khdi dai doan ket giOa cac toe ngudi cang trd nen buc thiet.
De giai quyet dugc cac van de tren day, can phat buy vai trd cua ngudi Viet vdi tinh
each la toe ngudi giii vai trd chu dao cua qude gia da dan tde Viet Nam.
Dya tren ly thuyet ve quan he tde ngudi trong mot qude gia da dan tdc, bai viet
lam rd vai trd cua ngudi Viet trong qude gia da tdc ngudi Viet Nam hien nay.
Nghien cuu van de nay khdng chi de thay dugc quy luat Idn tai va phat triln cua
qude gia da toe ngudi, ma cdn tao ca sd khoa hgc cho vice de ra cac chinh sach, cac

PGS. TS.,Vien Dan toe h(?c.


2.1. Xay dung he thong chinh tri virng mgnh
Ngudi Viet chiem sd ddng trong he thdng chinh tri cac ckp d hku hit cac dia
phuang. Tai mot sd huyen, xa d miln nui, tuy sd lugng ngudi Viet trong he thdng
chinh In khdng ddng do tuong quan dan sd; song can bd ngudi Viet vln thI hien
dugc nang lye va vai trd cua minh, nhat la ehilm so ddng trong ddi ngu can bd
ehuyen mdn ciia cac nganh, dap ung dugc cac yeu cau lanh dao va thyc hien cac
nhiem vu chinh In cua dja phuang.
2.2. Phat trien kinh ti
Trong ndng nghiep, viing miln nui tmdc day cdn nhilu dat hoang hda. Chuyin
eu len miln niii, ngudi Viet di dau trong khai hoang, md rdng dien tich trdng lua,
Theo Tdng dieu tra dan sd vd nhd d Viet Nam 1/4/2009.
501


VIET NAM HOC - KY YEU HOI THAO QUOC TE LAN THlT TU

cac loai hoa mau, tao ra sy dot pha trong vice bao dam an ninh luong thyc; hinh
thanh nhieu viing ehuyen canh, mang lai gia tri kinh te cao. Ngudi Viet cdn neii
guong cho cac tdc ngudi thieu sd trong tinh loan lam an, bd trg cac tde ngudi thieu
sd phat trien kinh te, xda ddi giam ngheo.
Trong lieu Ihu cdng nghiep va cdng nghiep, ngudi Viet phat trien cac nghe
thii cdng, chiem ty le Idn trong nhan lye cac nganh cdng nghiep; gdp phan quan
Irgng trong viee hinh thanh cac nganh cdng nghiep chu lye cua ca nude d mien
nui, nhu gang thep, khai thae md d viing Ddng Bac, cac cdng trinh cdng nghiep
Idn, nhu thuy dien Hda Binh, Son La... Trong khoang chue nam trd lai day, mot
bd phan ngudi Viet d cac viing nui thap phai nhudng lai dat dai canh lac dang
dugc giao su dung de phue vu cho sy ra ddi ciia cac khu cdng nghiep, cum cdng
nghiep cua cac dia phuang.
Trong thuong nghiep, ngudi Viet md mang he thdng ehg, cac dich vu d mien
nui, tao ca sd de ihiie day cae nganh kinh te khae phat trien. Ngudi Viet cdn la

chinh tri, phat trien kinh te - xa hgi, giao due. Id chue cac boat ddng van hd..'...
3. Mot so van de riit ra tir nghien cuu vai trd cua ngndi Viet trong sy phat
trien cua qude gia da toe ngudi Viet Nam
3.1. Vi tri Clin ngudi Viet trong vdn de dan toe d Viet Nam hien nay
Gidng nhu cae qude gia da tdc ngudi d Ddng Nam A, ngudi Viet la mot thanh
vien trong dai gia dinh cae dan tde Viet Nam, la bd phan quan Irgng trong cac nhdm
cu dan tham gia lap nude, trong Id chue cac eudc khang chien, khdi nghTa ehdng
ngoai xam, bao ve va gianh lai nen doe lap dan tde, giij virng chu quyin qude gia,
tao ra tiem lye kinh te Idn nhat cho dat nude, xay dyng va phat triln nin giao due va
van hda dan tdc, xay dyng y thue qude gia dan toe... Dd khdng chi vi ngudi Viet cd
sd dan ddng nhat, chiem ITnh vung ddng bang, ma cdn vi ngudi Viet sinh sdng thanh
cac cdng ddng ddng due d mgi dia ban cua tat ca cae tinh, cac viing miln; ngudi
Viet cd trinh do phat triln kinh tl - xa hgi cao ban.
Ngay nay, sy nghiep cdng nghiep hda, hien dai hda dat nude dang dugc day
manh trong bdi canh loan cau hda cd nhiing anh hudng loan dien va sau sac din ddi
sdng cac toe ngudi, quan he giOa cac qude gia, cac tde ngudi. Cae thI lye thii dich
Igi dung van de dan tde vao muu dd "dien hien hda binh", dudi chieu bai "dan chu,
nhan quyen", de xuyen lac dudng Idi, chinh sach dan tde ciia Dang va Nha nude la;
nham gay mat dn dinh, kich ddng tu tudng ly khai, pha hoai khdi dai doan kit dan
tde ma Dang va Nha nude, nhan dan cac dan tde da day cdng vun dap. Cae thI lye
thii dich eon su dung "chien luge bien gidi mem", diing anh hudng vl kinh tl, van
hda lam phuang hai den Igi ieh ciia cae qude gia khae. Tinh hinh tren ddi bdi phai
tang eudng khdi dai doan ket loan dan tdc, phat buy ndi lye ciia qude gia dan tde
ciing nhu eiia cae tde ngudi, cac viing mien, quy tu cac tde ngudi vao cdng eudc bao
ve doe lap, gitJ vung chii quyen qude gia.
De thyc hien dugc cae yeu cau dd, can phat buy vai trd ciia ngudi Viet, vi nhu
mot quy luat d cae qude gia da tde ngudi, tdc ngudi cd dan sd ddng thudng anh
hudng Idn den sy hung vong ciia qude gia; ddng vai trd la "lye keo", "lye day" dh
dua dat nude va cae viing mien di len. Toe ngudi Viet ludn phat buy dugc nhiing Igi
the va nhirng anh hudng ciia minh, ngay ca khi hg ehuyen den xen cu vdi cae tdc

bienphirc tap nhu hien nay.
Theo ly thuyet chung, lanh thd lc)c ngudi xuat hien tir rat sdm. Trong vung
lanh thd (hay viing eu tru), tdc ngudi duy tri cae quan he kinh te, xa hgi, de tao ra
cac dac trung sinh boat van hda, tren ea sd dd hinh thanh y thue ty giac ve cdng
ddng minh, de tdc ngudi tiep tiic Idn tai. Khi qude gia, nha nude (gan vdi dudng
bien gidi) hinh thanh, tao ra "hang rao" ngan each ndi bd tdc ngudi. Nha nude dung
cac bien phap de bao ve chu quyen lanh thd qude gia, nhu tang eudng tiem lye quoc
phdng, bao ve an ninh bien gidi va quan Irgng hon la tuyen Imyen, giao due de cac
cdng ddng dan eu, tde ngudi hinh thanh dugc y thue qude gia dan tdc, nhan thue
dugc chi cd sy loan ven lanh thd, van menh ciia dat nude, chi cd nha nude minh mdi
bao dam dugc sy ton tai va phat trien ciia tdc ngudi minh.
O Viet Nam, sudt lien trinh lieh su, cae tde ngudi thieu sd du ed ngudn gdc
tai cho hay tir cac nude lang gieng ehuyen cu den deu y thue sau sac ve quoc gia
504


PHAT

HUY VAI TRO CUA NGLTQI VIET...

Vict Nam, ve lanh thd Ihieng lieng cua Td qude, ddng gdp sue minh vao cdng eudc
xay dyng va bao ve dat nude. Trong cdng eudc ciing cd khdi doan kit giiia cac tdc
ngudi, vi sy loan ven lanh thd, ngudi Viet vdi tiem lye kinh te va y thue qude gia
dan Ide cao, la nggn ed, tao ra "lye hiit" mang tinh ly nhien ddi vdi cac tde ngudi
thieu sd. Thyc te lieh su dau tranh bao ve bien cuong tir thdi ky phong kiln ty chu
den ngay nay da khang dinh sy chung tay gdp sue ciia cac tdc ngudi, trong dd ed vai
trd quan Irgng hang dau ciia ngudi Viet.
3.2.3. Chinh sach dot vdi mien nut ndi chung khdng chi vl quyen lai cdc tdc
ngudi thieu sd md cdn phdl vl quyen lai ciia ngudi Viet dang sinh sdng tai nhiing
viing ddt nay. Quan diem nay xuat phat tir hai ea sd sau:

lap nghiep (gan vdi tao dieu kien vl cu tni la tao dilu kien vl lap doanh nghiep, vay
vdn, hd trg mat bang san xuat, thi tmdng lieu thy ...), dl hinh thanh them nhilu doanh
nghiep, xi nghiep, trang trai... d miln ndi. Vai trd ciia ngudi Viet trong phat triln kinh
le dugc de cao se tao dieu kien cho sy gan ket chat che hon giira ngudi Viet vdi cac tdc
ngudi thieu sd, giua cac tdc ngudi thilu so vdi nhau.
4. 3. Phat trien dd thi d mien ndi vira la mot ddi bdi, vira la mdi trong
nhiJng yeu Id ea ban de thue day phat triln kinh te - xa hgi theo hudng cdng
nghiep hda, hien dai hda hien nay. Vi the, trong thdi gian sap Idi, dd thi hda phai
ket hgp ddng bd va chat che vdi cdng nghiep hda - hien dai hda ndng nghiep va
ndng thdn; xay dyng cac de an quy hoach cae dd thi, phat triln mang ludi cac
thanh phd, thi xa, thi Iran, thi tu cd sy lien kit chat che vdi nhau; dau tu thda dang
cho cae dd thi Irgng diem tai cac dja ban ed lam quan Irgng ehiln luge, nhat la
vung bien gidi, d cac dau mdi giao thdng quan Irgng; huy ddng mgi ngudn lye dl
xay dyng nham cai thien mdi trudng va tao viee lam cho eu dan, kit hgp vdi viee
xay dyng ddi sdng van hda, giir gin Irat ly xa hgi, dam bao sy phat triln hai hda va
theo dinh hudng cua cae do thi.
4.4. Xay dung he thong chinh tri virng mgnh la nhiem vu then chdl d mgi
viing dat nude hien nay thi d mien niii, nhiem vu nay cang trd nen buc thiet, quan
trong. vi day la yeu Id quan Irgng hang dau bao darn sy gan ket giiJa cae Idc ngudi.
Vai trd cua ngudi Viet trong he thdng chinh tri cac cap d cae vung da tdc ngudi cSn
dugc coi irgng.
4.5. Cong tdc cdn bo - nhan to quyet dinh cda mgi thdng lai trong mgi boat
dgng cdn dirac coi trong hang ddu. Vi vay can coi trgng ket hgp dao tao, su dung
ddi ngu can bd la ngudi dan tdc thieu sd va can bd ngudi Viet trong he thdng chinh
tri. Ddi ngu can bd ngudi Viet phai biet lieng, hieu phong tuc tap quan, lam ly cua
ddng bao cac tde ngudi thieu sd, de tiep xiic vdi nhan dan, trien khai cdng viee dugc
thuan Igi, giai quyet cac vu viee mot each khach quan, khdng ap dat ehii quan. De
dap ung dugc cae yeu cau nay, can chii trgng dao tao, sir dung cac can bd la ngudi
Viet sd lai d tirng dia phuang, vi hg tirng quen thuc)c dia ban, quen vdi nhung thieu
thdn, khd khan vat va d mien niii tir nhd, am hieu phong tuc ciia ngudi dia phuang.

phia Bdc Viet Nam, Nxb. Van hda dan tdc. Ha Ndi.
6. Phan Huy Le (1982), "Qua Uinh hinh thanh va phat triln cua dan tdc Viet Nam", Tap
ehi Thdng tin Khoa hgc xa hgi, sd 7.
7. Dang Nghiem Van (1993), Quan he giira cdc tdc ngudi trong mot qude gia ddn tdc,
Nxb. Chinh tri qude gia. Ha Ndi.
8. Dang Nghiem Van (2001), Ddn tdc, Ton gido, Vdn hda, Nxb. KHXH, Ha Ndi.
9. Dang Nghiem Van (2009), Cong ddng qude gia ddn tdc Viet Nam, Nxb. Chinh tri qude
gia, Ha Ndi.

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