64
24. Linguists use the terms declarative, imperative, interrogative and
S Verb Object
exclamatory for the syntactic forms, and they use statement, command,

Pre

Adverb Conj S Verb Object
question, and exclamation for the function.
Prep

Adverb
(Compound Sentence)
25. Thus, declarative sentences usually have the function of making statement,
S
Freq

Verb Object
interrogative sentences usually ask questions and so on.

S
Freq
Verb
(Compound Sentence)
26. In other words we can say that a declarative sentence makes a statement,

S Verb Dependent Clause
S Verb O
an interrogative sentence asks a question, an imperative sentence issues a
S Verb o S Verb
command or request, and an exclamatory sentence expresses strong

complex ideas while maintaining a single main clause.
DC
Verb
(Ing Clause)
(Complex Sentence)
31. A compound sentence contains two or more coordinate clauses or
S Verb O Con
consist of two or more simple sentences separated by
Verb O
Verb
(DC)
conjunctions.
(Compound Complex Sentence)
32. That
means that there are at least two units of thought within the
S Verb DC
S Verb Complement Adv
sentence, either one of which can stand by itself as its own
DC
Verb O Adv
sentence.
(Complex Sentence)
33. The clauses of a compound sentence
are either separated by a
S Verb
semicolon (relatively rare) or connected by a coordinating

Con Verb
conjunction (which is, more often than not, preceded by a
DC

them.
(Complex Compound Sentence)
References
Crown,1996. Exploring Language. New Zealand: Learning Media
Limited on behalf of Ministry of Education, P O Box 3293,
Ramsay, 1986.
http://english. unitecnology.ac.nz/ resources/resources/

exp_lang/sentence.html
67
Radio” The Innovation of Technology in Education
Muhammad Syukrianto
A. Introduction
It has long been recognized that technology is developed and changed very
fast. Era by era, everyday it has advanced. Radio is one of the important
technologies; by radio we can get information easily although it’s not visual. Radio
has advantages such as it is cheap to buy, it can be brought everywhere even it can
be had by poor people because it is the cheapest media of information.
In the globalization era nowadays, there are more new technologies to get
information easily than before, for instance: computer, internet, hp, etc. Although
Radio seems an old fashioned media, remember, we can get many important things
from it. Radio has been used not only as the medium of information and
communication, but also extensively as an educational medium in developing
countries. Published reports confirm that it has supported educational programs in a
wide range of subject areas and in many different countries. Fro example, this year
in our country, Indonesia there’s KGRE (Kangaroo Radio English) the center is in
Bali, it has English programs. Almost all regency has radio station that join in the
KGRE’s program. So it is important and useful for the students, more over student
of English to improve their English.
In this short paper we are going to discuss the history of radio, the uses of


Alexander Stepanovich Popov, in 1894, built his first radio receiver, which
contained a coherer. Further refined as a lightning detector, he presented it to the
Russian Physical and Chemical Society on May 7, 1895.

Reginald Fessenden
[1]
and Lee de Forest invented amplitude-modulated (AM)
radio, so that more than one station can send signals (as opposed to spark-gap
radio, where one transmitter covers the entire bandwidth of the spectrum).

Edwin H. Armstrong invented frequency-modulated (FM) radio, so that an audio
signal can avoid "static," that is, interference from electrical equipment and
atmospherics.
Early radios ran the entire power of the transmitter through a carbon
microphone. While some early radios used some type of amplification through
electric current or battery, until the mid 1920s the most common type of receiver
was the crystal set. In the 1920s, amplifying vacuum tube radio receivers and
transmitters came into use. The following is the picture of radio transmission.
Picture 2. Radio Transmission
C. The Uses of Radio
There are a number of uses of radio:
1. Audio
AM broadcast radio sends music and voice in the Medium Frequency
(MF—0.300 MHz to 3 MHz) radio
spectrum. AM radio uses amplitude modulation
, in which louder sounds at the
microphone causes wider fluctuations in the transmitter power while the
transmitter frequency remains unchanged. Transmissions are affected by static
because lightning and other sources of radio add their radio waves to the ones