Oracle9
i
Database Administrator’s Guide
Release 1 (9.0.1)
June 2001
Part No. A90117-01
Oracle9i Database Administrator’s Guide, Release 1 (9.0.1)
Part No. A90117-01
Copyright © 2001, Oracle Corporation. All rights reserved.
Primary Author: Ruth Baylis
Contributing Authors: Kathy Rich, Joyce Fee
Graphic Designer: Valarie Moore
Contributors: Lance Ashdown, Mark Bauer, Allen Brumm, Michele Cyran, Mary Ann Davidson,
Harvey Eneman, Amit Ganesh, Carolyn Gray, Wei Huang, Robert Jenkins, Mark Kennedy, Jonathan
Klein, Sushil Kumar, Bill Lee, Nina Lewis, Phil Locke, Yunrui Li, Diana Lorentz, Sujatha Muthulingam,
Gary Ngai, Lois Price, Ananth Raghavan, Ann Rhee, John Russell, Rajiv Sinha, Vinay Srihari, Jags
Srinivasan, Anh-Tuan Tran, Deborah Steiner, Janet Stern, Michael Stewart, Ashwini Surpur, Alex
Tsukerman, Kothanda Umamageswaran, Randy Urbano, Steven Wertheimer, Daniel Wong
The Programs (which include both the software and documentation) contain proprietary information of
Oracle Corporation; they are provided under a license agreement containing restrictions on use and
disclosure and are also protected by copyright, patent, and other intellectual and industrial property
laws. Reverse engineering, disassembly, or decompilation of the Programs is prohibited.
The information contained in this document is subject to change without notice. If you find any problems
in the documentation, please report them to us in writing. Oracle Corporation does not warrant that this
document is error free. Except as may be expressly permitted in your license agreement for these
Programs, no part of these Programs may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means,
electronic or mechanical, for any purpose, without the express written permission of Oracle Corporation.
If the Programs are delivered to the U.S. Government or anyone licensing or using the programs on
behalf of the U.S. Government, the following notice is applicable:
Restricted Rights Notice Programs delivered subject to the DOD FAR Supplement are "commercial
computer software" and use, duplication, and disclosure of the Programs, including documentation,

Application Developers............................................................................................................... 1-3
Application Administrators........................................................................................................ 1-4
Database Users.............................................................................................................................. 1-4
Tasks of a Database Administrator ................................................................................................. 1-4
Task 1: Evaluate the Database Server Hardware..................................................................... 1-5
Task 2: Install the Oracle Software............................................................................................. 1-5
Task 3: Plan the Database............................................................................................................ 1-5
Task 4: Create and Open the Database...................................................................................... 1-6
Task 5: Back Up the Database..................................................................................................... 1-7
Task 6: Enroll System Users ........................................................................................................ 1-7
Task 7: Implement the Database Design ................................................................................... 1-7
iv
Task 8: Back Up the Fully Functional Database ....................................................................... 1-7
Task 9: Tune Database Performance.......................................................................................... 1-8
Identifying Your Oracle Database Software Release................................................................... 1-8
Release Number Format .............................................................................................................. 1-8
Checking Your Current Release Number ................................................................................. 1-9
Database Administrator Security and Privileges ......................................................................... 1-9
The Database Administrator’s Operating System Account ................................................. 1-10
Database Administrator Usernames........................................................................................ 1-10
Database Administrator Authentication...................................................................................... 1-12
Administrative Privileges.......................................................................................................... 1-12
Selecting an Authentication Method ....................................................................................... 1-14
Using Operating System (OS) Authentication ....................................................................... 1-16
Using Password File Authentication ....................................................................................... 1-17
Password File Administration........................................................................................................ 1-18
Using ORAPWD ......................................................................................................................... 1-19
Setting REMOTE_LOGIN_ PASSWORDFILE........................................................................ 1-20
Adding Users to a Password File ............................................................................................. 1-21
Maintaining a Password File..................................................................................................... 1-23

Using Oracle-Managed Files..................................................................................................... 2-22
Setting and Managing the Time Zone ..................................................................................... 2-23
Troubleshooting Database Creation ............................................................................................. 2-24
Dropping a Database ....................................................................................................................... 2-24
Considerations After Creating a Database .................................................................................. 2-24
Some Security Considerations.................................................................................................. 2-25
Installing Oracle’s Sample Schemas......................................................................................... 2-26
Initialization Parameters and Database Creation....................................................................... 2-28
Determining the Global Database Name ................................................................................ 2-28
Specifying Control Files............................................................................................................. 2-29
Specifying Database Block Sizes............................................................................................... 2-30
Setting Initialization Parameters that Affect the Size of the SGA ...................................... 2-31
Specifying the Maximum Number of Processes.................................................................... 2-34
Specifying the Method of Undo Space Management............................................................ 2-34
Setting License Parameters........................................................................................................ 2-35
Managing Initialization Parameters Using a Server Parameter File ...................................... 2-36
What is a Server Parameter File?.............................................................................................. 2-37
Migrating to a Server Parameter File....................................................................................... 2-38
Creating a Server Parameter File.............................................................................................. 2-38
The SPFILE Initialization Parameter........................................................................................ 2-39
Using ALTER SYSTEM to Change Initialization Parameter Values................................... 2-40
Exporting the Server Parameter File........................................................................................ 2-42
vi
Errors and Recovery for the Server Parameter File ............................................................... 2-43
Viewing Parameters Settings .................................................................................................... 2-43
3 Using Oracle-Managed Files
What are Oracle-Managed Files? ..................................................................................................... 3-2
Who Can Use Oracle-Managed Files? ....................................................................................... 3-2
Benefits of Using Oracle-Managed Files ................................................................................... 3-3
Oracle-Managed Files and Existing Functionality................................................................... 3-4

Shutting Down a Database ............................................................................................................. 4-11
Shutting Down with the NORMAL Option ........................................................................... 4-11
Shutting Down with the IMMEDIATE Option...................................................................... 4-12
Shutting Down with the TRANSACTIONAL Option .......................................................... 4-12
Shutting Down with the ABORT Option................................................................................ 4-13
Quiescing a Database....................................................................................................................... 4-13
Placing a Database into a Quiesced State................................................................................ 4-14
Restoring the System to Normal Operation ........................................................................... 4-16
Viewing the Quiesce State of an Instance ............................................................................... 4-16
Suspending and Resuming a Database........................................................................................ 4-16
Part II Oracle Server Processes and Storage Structure
5 Managing Oracle Processes
Server Processes .................................................................................................................................. 5-2
Dedicated Server Processes......................................................................................................... 5-2
Shared Server Processes............................................................................................................... 5-3
Configuring Oracle for the Shared Server ..................................................................................... 5-5
Initialization Parameters for Shared Server.............................................................................. 5-5
Setting the Initial Number of Dispatchers (DISPATCHERS)................................................. 5-6
Setting the Initial Number of Shared Servers (SHARED_SERVERS) ................................... 5-8
Modifying Dispatcher and Server Processes............................................................................ 5-8
Monitoring Shared Server ......................................................................................................... 5-11
About Oracle Background Processes ............................................................................................ 5-11
Monitoring the Processes of an Oracle Instance......................................................................... 5-14
Process and Session Views........................................................................................................ 5-14
Monitoring Locks........................................................................................................................ 5-15
Trace Files and the Alert File .................................................................................................... 5-15
Managing Processes for Parallel Execution................................................................................. 5-18
Managing the Parallel Execution Servers ............................................................................... 5-18
Altering Parallel Execution for a Session ................................................................................ 5-19
Managing Processes for External Procedures.............................................................................. 5-20

What Is the Online Redo Log?.......................................................................................................... 7-2
Redo Threads................................................................................................................................. 7-2
Online Redo Log Contents .......................................................................................................... 7-2
How Oracle Writes to the Online Redo Log............................................................................. 7-3
ix
Planning the Online Redo Log......................................................................................................... 7-5
Multiplexing Online Redo Log Files.......................................................................................... 7-5
Placing Online Redo Log Members on Different Disks.......................................................... 7-9
Setting the Size of Online Redo Log Members......................................................................... 7-9
Choosing the Number of Online Redo Log Files................................................................... 7-10
Controlling Archive Lag............................................................................................................ 7-10
Creating Online Redo Log Groups and Members ..................................................................... 7-12
Creating Online Redo Log Groups .......................................................................................... 7-13
Creating Online Redo Log Members....................................................................................... 7-13
Relocating and Renaming Online Redo Log Members ............................................................ 7-14
Dropping Online Redo Log Groups and Members................................................................... 7-16
Dropping Log Groups................................................................................................................ 7-16
Dropping Online Redo Log Members..................................................................................... 7-17
Forcing Log Switches ....................................................................................................................... 7-18
Verifying Blocks in Redo Log Files............................................................................................... 7-18
Clearing an Online Redo Log File................................................................................................. 7-19
Viewing Online Redo Log Information ....................................................................................... 7-20
8 Managing Archived Redo Logs
What Is the Archived Redo Log? ..................................................................................................... 8-2
Choosing Between NOARCHIVELOG and ARCHIVELOG Mode......................................... 8-2
Running a Database in NOARCHIVELOG Mode................................................................... 8-2
Running a Database in ARCHIVELOG Mode ......................................................................... 8-3
Controlling the Archiving Mode..................................................................................................... 8-4
Setting the Initial Database Archiving Mode ........................................................................... 8-5
Changing the Database Archiving Mode.................................................................................. 8-5

Specifying Redo Log Files for Analysis................................................................................... 9-12
Starting LogMiner....................................................................................................................... 9-13
Analyzing Output from V$LOGMNR_CONTENTS............................................................. 9-17
Using LogMiner to Perform Object-Level Recovery ............................................................. 9-18
Ending a LogMiner Session....................................................................................................... 9-18
Example Uses of LogMiner............................................................................................................. 9-19
Example: Tracking Changes Made By a Specific User.......................................................... 9-19
Example: Calculating Table Access Statistics ......................................................................... 9-21
10 Managing Job Queues
Enabling Processes Used for Executing Jobs............................................................................... 10-2
Managing Job Queues...................................................................................................................... 10-3
The DBMS_JOB Package............................................................................................................ 10-3
Submitting a Job to the Job Queue ........................................................................................... 10-4
xi
How Jobs Execute....................................................................................................................... 10-9
Removing a Job from the Job Queue ..................................................................................... 10-10
Altering a Job............................................................................................................................. 10-10
Broken Jobs................................................................................................................................ 10-12
Forcing a Job to Execute........................................................................................................... 10-13
Terminating a Job ..................................................................................................................... 10-13
Viewing Job Queue Information ................................................................................................. 10-14
Displaying Information About a Job ..................................................................................... 10-14
Displaying Information About Running Jobs ...................................................................... 10-14
11 Managing Tablespaces
Guidelines for Managing Tablespaces ......................................................................................... 11-2
Use Multiple Tablespaces.......................................................................................................... 11-2
Specify Tablespace Default Storage Parameters .................................................................... 11-3
Assign Tablespace Quotas to Users ......................................................................................... 11-3
Creating Tablespaces........................................................................................................................ 11-4
Locally Managed Tablespaces .................................................................................................. 11-5

Viewing Tablespace Information................................................................................................. 11-46
Listing Tablespaces and Default Storage Parameters: Example........................................ 11-47
Listing the Datafiles and Associated Tablespaces of a Database: Example ..................... 11-48
Displaying Statistics for Free Space (Extents) of Each Tablespace: Example................... 11-48
12 Managing Datafiles
Guidelines for Managing Datafiles............................................................................................... 12-2
Determine the Number of Datafiles......................................................................................... 12-2
Determine the Size of Datafiles................................................................................................. 12-4
Place Datafiles Appropriately................................................................................................... 12-4
Store Datafiles Separate from Redo Log Files ........................................................................ 12-4
Creating Datafiles and Adding Datafiles to a Tablespace......................................................... 12-5
Changing a Datafile’s Size............................................................................................................... 12-6
Enabling and Disabling Automatic Extension for a Datafile ............................................... 12-6
Manually Resizing a Datafile .................................................................................................... 12-7
Altering Datafile Availability......................................................................................................... 12-8
Bringing Datafiles Online or Taking Offline in ARCHIVELOG Mode............................... 12-9
Taking Datafiles Offline in NOARCHIVELOG Mode .......................................................... 12-9
Altering the Availability of All Datafiles or Tempfiles in a Tablespace............................. 12-9
Renaming and Relocating Datafiles............................................................................................ 12-10
Renaming and Relocating Datafiles for a Single Tablespace ............................................. 12-11
Renaming and Relocating Datafiles for Multiple Tablespaces .......................................... 12-13
Verifying Data Blocks in Datafiles .............................................................................................. 12-14
Viewing Datafile Information ...................................................................................................... 12-14
xiii
13 Managing Undo Space
What is Undo? ................................................................................................................................... 13-2
Specifying the Mode for Undo Space Management.................................................................. 13-3
Starting an Instance in Automatic Undo Management Mode............................................. 13-3
Starting an Instance in Manual Undo Management Mode .................................................. 13-4
Managing Undo Tablespaces.......................................................................................................... 13-5

Example of How Storage Parameters Effect Space Allocation .......................................... 14-15
Managing Resumable Space Allocation..................................................................................... 14-16
Resumable Space Allocation Overview................................................................................. 14-17
Enabling and Disabling Resumable Space Allocation......................................................... 14-21
Detecting Suspended Statements ........................................................................................... 14-22
Resumable Space Allocation Example: Registering an AFTER SUSPEND Trigger........ 14-24
Deallocating Space.......................................................................................................................... 14-26
Viewing the High Water Mark ............................................................................................... 14-27
Issuing Space Deallocation Statements.................................................................................. 14-27
Examples of Deallocating Space............................................................................................. 14-28
Understanding Space Use of Datatypes ..................................................................................... 14-31
15 Managing Tables
Guidelines for Managing Tables ................................................................................................... 15-2
Design Tables Before Creating Them ...................................................................................... 15-2
Specify How Data Block Space Is to Be Used ......................................................................... 15-2
Specify the Location of Each Table........................................................................................... 15-3
Consider Parallelizing Table Creation..................................................................................... 15-3
Consider Using NOLOGGING When Creating Tables ........................................................ 15-4
Estimate Table Size and Set Storage Parameters.................................................................... 15-4
Plan for Large Tables.................................................................................................................. 15-5
Table Restrictions........................................................................................................................ 15-6
Creating Tables.................................................................................................................................. 15-6
Creating a Table .......................................................................................................................... 15-6
Creating a Temporary Table ..................................................................................................... 15-7
Parallelizing Table Creation...................................................................................................... 15-8
Automatically Collecting Statistics on Tables ........................................................................ 15-9
Altering Tables .................................................................................................................................. 15-9
Moving a Table to a New Segment or Tablespace............................................................... 15-12
Manually Allocating Storage for a Table............................................................................... 15-12
Dropping Columns................................................................................................................... 15-12

Specify the Tablespace for Each Index .................................................................................... 16-6
Consider Parallelizing Index Creation .................................................................................... 16-7
Consider Creating Indexes with NOLOGGING.................................................................... 16-7
Consider Costs and Benefits of Coalescing or Rebuilding Indexes .................................... 16-8
Consider Cost Before Disabling or Dropping Constraints................................................... 16-9
Creating Indexes ............................................................................................................................... 16-9
xvi
Creating an Index Explicitly.................................................................................................... 16-10
Creating a Unique Index Explicitly........................................................................................ 16-11
Creating an Index Associated with a Constraint ................................................................. 16-11
Collecting Incidental Statistics when Creating an Index .................................................... 16-13
Creating a Large Index............................................................................................................. 16-13
Creating an Index Online ........................................................................................................ 16-13
Creating a Function-Based Index ........................................................................................... 16-14
Creating a Key-Compressed Index ........................................................................................ 16-18
Altering Indexes.............................................................................................................................. 16-19
Altering Storage Characteristics of an Index ........................................................................ 16-20
Rebuilding an Existing Index.................................................................................................. 16-20
Monitoring Index Usage.......................................................................................................... 16-21
Monitoring Space Use of Indexes................................................................................................ 16-21
Dropping Indexes ........................................................................................................................... 16-22
Viewing Index Information .......................................................................................................... 16-23
17 Managing Partitioned Tables and Indexes
What Are Partitioned Tables and Indexes?.................................................................................. 17-2
Partitioning Methods ....................................................................................................................... 17-3
When to Use the Range Partitioning Method......................................................................... 17-4
When to Use the Hash Partitioning Method .......................................................................... 17-5
When to Use the List Partitioning Method ............................................................................. 17-5
When to Use the Composite Partitioning Method................................................................. 17-7
Creating Partitioned Tables............................................................................................................. 17-8

Specify Data Block Space Use................................................................................................... 18-5
Specify the Space Required by an Average Cluster Key and Its Associated Rows.......... 18-5
Specify the Location of Each Cluster and Cluster Index Rows............................................ 18-6
Estimate Cluster Size and Set Storage Parameters ................................................................ 18-6
Creating Clusters .............................................................................................................................. 18-6
Creating Clustered Tables......................................................................................................... 18-7
Creating Cluster Indexes ........................................................................................................... 18-8
Altering Clusters............................................................................................................................... 18-8
Altering Clustered Tables.......................................................................................................... 18-9
Altering Cluster Indexes.......................................................................................................... 18-10
Dropping Clusters .......................................................................................................................... 18-10
Dropping Clustered Tables..................................................................................................... 18-11
Dropping Cluster Indexes ....................................................................................................... 18-11
Viewing Information About Clusters......................................................................................... 18-11
xviii
19 Managing Hash Clusters
When to Use Hash Clusters............................................................................................................. 19-2
Situations Where Hashing Is Useful ........................................................................................ 19-3
Situations Where Hashing Is Not Advantageous .................................................................. 19-3
Creating Hash Clusters.................................................................................................................... 19-4
Creating Single-Table Hash Clusters....................................................................................... 19-5
Controlling Space Use Within a Hash Cluster ....................................................................... 19-5
Estimating Size Required by Hash Clusters ........................................................................... 19-8
Altering Hash Clusters..................................................................................................................... 19-9
Dropping Hash Clusters.................................................................................................................. 19-9
Viewing Information About Hash Clusters................................................................................. 19-9
20 Managing Views, Sequences, and Synonyms
Managing Views................................................................................................................................ 20-2
Creating Views............................................................................................................................ 20-2
Updating a Join View................................................................................................................. 20-5

Deferring Constraint Checks .................................................................................................. 21-22
Reporting Constraint Exceptions ........................................................................................... 21-23
Managing Object Dependencies ................................................................................................. 21-25
Manually Recompiling Views ................................................................................................ 21-27
Manually Recompiling Procedures and Functions ............................................................. 21-27
Manually Recompiling Packages ........................................................................................... 21-27
Managing Object Name Resolution............................................................................................ 21-28
Changing Storage Parameters for the Data Dictionary........................................................... 21-28
Structures in the Data Dictionary........................................................................................... 21-29
Errors that Require Changing Data Dictionary Storage ..................................................... 21-31
Displaying Information About Schema Objects...................................................................... 21-31
Using PL/SQL Packages to Display Information About Schema Objects....................... 21-31
Using Views to Display Information About Schema Objects ............................................ 21-33
22 Detecting and Repairing Data Block Corruption
Options for Repairing Data Block Corruption ........................................................................... 22-2
About the DBMS_REPAIR Package.............................................................................................. 22-2
DBMS_REPAIR Procedures ...................................................................................................... 22-2
Limitations and Restrictions ..................................................................................................... 22-3
Using the DBMS_REPAIR Package .............................................................................................. 22-3
Task 1: Detect and Report Corruptions................................................................................... 22-4
Task 2: Evaluate the Costs and Benefits of Using DBMS_REPAIR..................................... 22-5
Task 3: Make Objects Usable..................................................................................................... 22-7
xx
Task 4: Repair Corruptions and Rebuild Lost Data............................................................... 22-7
DBMS_REPAIR Examples .............................................................................................................. 22-8
Using ADMIN_TABLES to Build a Repair Table or Orphan Key Table ............................ 22-9
Using the CHECK_OBJECT Procedure to Detect Corruption ........................................... 22-10
Fixing Corrupt Blocks with the FIX_CORRUPT_BLOCKS Procedure............................. 22-12
Finding Index Entries Pointing into Corrupt Data Blocks: DUMP_ORPHAN_KEYS ... 22-13
Rebuilding Free Lists Using the REBUILD_FREELISTS Procedure.................................. 22-13

Global Authentication and Authorization............................................................................ 24-11
Proxy Authentication and Authorization ............................................................................. 24-13
Managing Oracle Users ................................................................................................................. 24-16
Creating Users........................................................................................................................... 24-16
Altering Users ........................................................................................................................... 24-20
Dropping Users......................................................................................................................... 24-21
Managing Resources with Profiles.............................................................................................. 24-22
Enabling and Disabling Resource Limits.............................................................................. 24-23
Creating Profiles ....................................................................................................................... 24-24
Assigning Profiles..................................................................................................................... 24-25
Altering Profiles........................................................................................................................ 24-25
Using Composite Limits.......................................................................................................... 24-25
Dropping Profiles ..................................................................................................................... 24-27
Viewing Information About Database Users and Profiles ..................................................... 24-27
Listing All Users and Associated Information..................................................................... 24-29
Listing All Tablespace Quotas................................................................................................ 24-29
Listing All Profiles and Assigned Limits .............................................................................. 24-30
Viewing Memory Use for Each User Session ....................................................................... 24-31
25 Managing User Privileges and Roles
Identifying User Privileges............................................................................................................. 25-2
System Privileges........................................................................................................................ 25-2
Object Privileges ......................................................................................................................... 25-4
Managing User Roles....................................................................................................................... 25-4
Predefined Roles......................................................................................................................... 25-5
Creating a Role............................................................................................................................ 25-7
Specifying the Type of Role Authorization ............................................................................ 25-8
Dropping Roles ......................................................................................................................... 25-10
Granting User Privileges and Roles............................................................................................ 25-11
Granting System Privileges and Roles .................................................................................. 25-11
xxii

Managing Audit Trail Information................................................................................................ 26-4
What Information is Contained in the Audit Trail? .............................................................. 26-4
Events Audited by Default........................................................................................................ 26-5
Setting Auditing Options........................................................................................................... 26-6
xxiii
Turning Off Audit Options ..................................................................................................... 26-10
Enabling and Disabling Database Auditing......................................................................... 26-12
Controlling the Growth and Size of the Audit Trail ........................................................... 26-13
Protecting the Audit Trail........................................................................................................ 26-15
Fine-Grained Auditing .................................................................................................................. 26-16
Viewing Database Audit Trail Information............................................................................... 26-17
Creating the Audit Trail Views .............................................................................................. 26-17
Deleting the Audit Trail Views............................................................................................... 26-18
Using Audit Trail Views to Investigate Suspicious Activities........................................... 26-18
Part V Database Resource Management
27 Using the Database Resource Manager
What Is the Database Resource Manager?................................................................................... 27-2
What Problems Does the Database Resource Manager Address? ...................................... 27-2
How Does the Database Resource Manager Address These Problems?............................ 27-2
What are the Elements of the Database Resource Manager? ............................................... 27-3
Understanding Resource Plans ................................................................................................ 27-4
Administering the Database Resource Manager........................................................................ 27-8
Creating a Simple Resource Plan................................................................................................. 27-10
Creating Complex Resource Plans .............................................................................................. 27-11
Using the Pending Area for Creating Plan Schemas........................................................... 27-12
Creating Resource Plans.......................................................................................................... 27-14
Creating Resource Consumer Groups................................................................................... 27-16
Specifying Resource Plan Directives...................................................................................... 27-17
Managing Resource Consumer Groups ..................................................................................... 27-20
Assigning an Initial Resource Consumer Group ................................................................. 27-21

Users of Database Links........................................................................................................... 28-16
Creation of Database Links: Examples .................................................................................. 28-19
Schema Objects and Database Links...................................................................................... 28-20
Database Link Restrictions ...................................................................................................... 28-22
Distributed Database Administration........................................................................................ 28-23
Site Autonomy........................................................................................................................... 28-23
Distributed Database Security ................................................................................................ 28-24
Auditing Database Links......................................................................................................... 28-31
Administration Tools ............................................................................................................... 28-31
Transaction Processing in a Distributed System ...................................................................... 28-33
Remote SQL Statements........................................................................................................... 28-33
Distributed SQL Statements.................................................................................................... 28-34
xxv
Shared SQL for Remote and Distributed Statements.......................................................... 28-34
Remote Transactions................................................................................................................ 28-35
Distributed Transactions ......................................................................................................... 28-35
Two-Phase Commit Mechanism ............................................................................................ 28-35
Database Link Name Resolution............................................................................................ 28-36
Schema Object Name Resolution ........................................................................................... 28-39
Global Name Resolution in Views, Synonyms, and Procedures....................................... 28-42
Distributed Database Application Development .................................................................... 28-44
Transparency in a Distributed Database System................................................................. 28-44
Remote Procedure Calls (RPCs) ............................................................................................. 28-46
Distributed Query Optimization............................................................................................ 28-47
Character Set Support .................................................................................................................... 28-47
Client/Server Environment .................................................................................................... 28-49
Homogeneous Distributed Environment.............................................................................. 28-49
Heterogeneous Distributed Environment............................................................................. 28-50
29 Managing a Distributed Database
Managing Global Names in a Distributed System.................................................................... 29-2