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CHAPTER I:
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1.1Verbs and their complementation type
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1.1.1. Definition of verb
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1.1.2 Classification of verbs
1.1.3 Classification of verbs according to their complementation
1.2 Ditransitive verbs and their related complex transitive verb
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1.3 Object
CHAPTER II
2.1 .Ditransitive verbs – their syntactic feature
2.1.1 Formation of Ditransitive verbs
2.1.2 Positions of object
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2.1.3 Possible realization of direct object and indirect object
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2.1.4 SVOO-SVOA transformation
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The paper aims at:
• describing and analyzing Ditransitive verbs and its complementation.
• describing and analyzing the expression of Ditransitive complementation of
different process types.
• finding out the similarities and differences between Ditransitive verbs and their
Vietnamese equivalents.
• presenting and analyzing their Vietnamese equivalents along with some difficulties
by Vietnamese learners in the process of studying and Making some suggested
solutions to these problems to prevent the learners’ errors.
%
• Describing English and Vietnamese ditransitive verbs
• Making contrastive analysis (qualitative and quantitative)
• Anticipating Vietnamese learners’ errors.
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• To differentiate Ditransitive verbs and their… according to their experiential
meanings concentrating on the most common structures and patterns of ditransitive
verbs.
• To make contrastive analysis of English ditransitive verbs and their
complementation and the Vietnamese equivalents.
• To evaluate the English - Vietnamese translation in some bilingual books available.
()
The minor thesis begins with Declaration, Acknowledgement; Contents; Symbols
and Abbreviation.
The body of the paper is divided into three parts:
• Introduction including Rationale, Aims of the study, Methods of the study, Scope
of the study, and Design of the study
• Investigation consisting of three chapters:
- Chapter I: The Theoretical Preliminaries of the English verbs
+ Verbs and their complementation types.
• According to Sidney Grennbaum, the term “verb” is used in two ways:
(1) A verb is a word that displays contracts such as tense, aspect, mood, voice,
number (singular/plural), and person. It is generally inflected to offer non-finite
form: infinitive (write), -ing participle (writing), -ed participle (written). A non-
finite main verb (or lexical verb) may combine with one or more auxiliaries (or
auxiliary verbs) in a verb phrase (may write, has been writing, could have
written, was being written).
(2) A verb (consisting of a verb phrase) combine with the subject of the sentence to
constitute a minimum sentence: I (subject) won (verb); Dinner (subject) is
servered (verb); No complaints (subject) have been received (verb); All the
guests (subject) have been complaining (verb). If a sentence contains more
than one clause, it is usual for each clause to have each own verb. (The sun is
shining(1) but I predict(2) that it will rain (3)before we leave(4).
• According to Quirk et al (1971), “A verb is considered as dynamic or stative verb
according to its occurrence with progressive aspect (He was typing a letter) or not
(He was knowing the answer). The distinction between verbs in dynamic use (as
with type) and stative use (as with know) is a fundamental one in English grammar,
and it is also reflected in a number of other ways than in the progressive”.
1.1.2 Classification of verbs
Verbs are classified according to:
+ Their function:
lexical
auxiliary
+ Their forms (verb phrase structure):
finite
non-finite
+ Their meaning:
Dynamic
Stative
(Quirk, R et al., 1972:850).
• Ditransitive complementation
Ditransitive complementation in its basic form involves two objects that are not in a
co-referential, intensive relation, according to Quirk, R et al. (1972:843). For example:
[4] John offered Mary some help. (SVOO)
(Quirk, R et al., 1985:1209)
According to verb complementation, verbs are classified into intensive verbs and
extensive verbs.
1.1.3.1 Intensive verbs
Intensive verbs often denote intensive relationship, often between subject and
complement. Its sentence types are SVC and SVA.
Intensive verb does not take any object. It presents the relationship between the
subject and the subject complementation. The verb in sentences with subject complement
is a “copular” (or linking verb), which of itself has little meaning but functions as a link
between the complement subject.
There are two subgroups:
(1) Current intensive: be, appear, look, feel, remain, keep
[5] Her rug is too small for her living room. (SVC)
(E. Warriner, J. & Graham, L.S. 1980:108)
(2) Resulting intensive: become, come, get, go, grow, turn
[6] She grew tired of his complaints. (SVC)
(E. Warriner, J. & Graham, L.S. 1980:108)
1.1.3.2 Extensive verbs
Extensive verbs are those that extend their meaning to a new entity, of which the
presence helps complete the meaning of the action or a state.
[7] I mailed some letters. (SVO)
(Andrew, J. & Murphy, 1980:69)
[8] She is writing a long letter home. (SVOA)
[12] The price depends on when you travel. (SVA)
(Wood, E. J. 1994:308)
+ Phrasal prepositional: cut down on, get on with, catch up with
[13] Jack has cut down on smoking. He only smokes five cigarettes a day now.
o Ditransitive verbs
o Complex transitive verbs
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o Ditransitive verbs
All transitive verbs take a direct object; some, in addition, permit an indirect object,
and these will be distinguished as ditransitive. Ditransitive verbs take the sentence type
SVOO.
+ Simple verb ditransitive: buy, bring, make, lend, find, pay
[14] I have paid George the whole sum.
(Quirk, R. & Greenbaum, S. 1973:119)
+ Prepositional verb ditransitive: accuse of, aware of, inform of, compare to,
provide with, remind of
[15] They accused me of telling lies.
(Raymon, M. 1994:120)
o Complex transitive verbs
All transitive verbs take a direct object; a few verbs take an object complement and
these will be referred to as complex transitive. The direct object generally represents a
person or thing, and the object complement adds the information about the entity from the
standpoint of the subject. This information can describe or identify the referent of the
direct object by means of some attribute; or express a circumstance or situation in which
the referent is said to be. Complex transitive verbs take the sentence type SVOC and
SVOA.
+ With SVOC type:
- Factual verbs: imagine, like, find, think
Predicator in clauses with two objects. It can become the subject in a passive clause and
have a prepositional paraphrase.
$),
2.1.1 Formation of ditransitive verbs
All transitive verbs take a direct object; some, in addition, permit an indirect object,
and these will be distinguished as ditransitive. Ditransitive verbs help form the sentence
type SVOO. In terms of their word formation, there are five subclasses of ditransitive
verbs, namely:
(i) Simple ditransitive verbs: buy, bring, make, lend, find, pay, give, offer…
[21] I have paid George the whole sum
(Quirk, R. & Greenbaum, S. 1973:119)
[22] Will you find me a seat?
(ii) Derived ditransitive verbs: reassign, recharge, remake, overpay, oversell,
[32] Which books do you want?
(East Wood, J. 1994:30)
[33] A doctor examined the astronauts who returned from the space today.
(Alexander, L.G. 1998:18)
The indirect object normally follows the subject and the verb. Object assumes the
status of subject in the passive transformation.
The indirect object often comes after the verb and before the direct object:
[34] They gave him (O
i
) a watch (O
d
)
(Alexander, L.G. 1998:7)
but in WH-question it is fronted.
[35] Who (O
i
) did they give a watch (O
d
)?
(Alexander, L.G. 1998:7)
2.1.3 Possible realization of direct object and indirect object
The direct object can be realized by :
- A nominal group:
[36] She has made herself an extraordinary fancy-dress in the shape of a balloon.
- A finite clause:
[37] Most people recognized that some forms of taxation is necessary.
- A non-finite clause:
[38] People in western countries prefer to travel by public transportation.
processes, but not all, also have a second participant, which is called a GOAL. In this type
of process, the subject means the Actor, O
i
compare with the recipient and O
d
becomes the
Goal of the action.
[43] The duke gave my aunt(o
i
) this teapot(O
d
)
Actor V
(material process) Recipient goal
Verbs belonging to this process are: give someone something, bring someone
something, offer someone something.
We have the Vietnamese equivalents:
5BCDEFCCG+HBB&
I>>J We’ll buy him (O
i
) a new car (O
d
)
Actor V
(material process) Recipient goal
Chúng tôi s mua cho anh y mt chic xe mi.
[45] She sent her this letter
Actor V
d
)
Sayer verbal
Process Receiver verbiage
The other verbs used in this type of process are: tell someone something, promise
someone something, ask someone something…………
For more examples:
[50] We told him (O
i
)this story (O
d
)
Sayer verbal
Process Receiver verbiage
Chúng tôi ã k cho anh ta nghe câu chuyn này
[51] We promise her (O
i
) good compensation.(O
d
)
Sayer verbal
Process Receiver verbiage
[52] They asked us (O
i
) why we didn’t attend the meeting.(O
d
)
Sayer verbal
N3 is the third noun of the sentence. V is the verb of the sentence.
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