Y KIEN - KINH NGHIEM
Cac phuong thuc the hien loi noi
tren
Uai
phat thanh
• ThS.
TRLTONG THj
KIEN
IHoc vien
Bao
ciii
va
Tuyen truyen
T
l"ong
phat thanh, dya tten
tieu cbi co che tao lap
led
ndi (tao
lap
vdn ban viet
hodn chinh, tao lap kich ban chi
tiet bay dng khau ttue tiep ehi
dya vao de cuong so luge) nha
bao ed 3 phuang thdc the bien
tren sdng:
dpe,
dpe
kit hpp vdi
noi va noi (dng khiu).
LDgc

cho tbdy.
phucmg
thdc dgc cd
mdt
sd
dac didm dugc xdc djnh
nhu sau:
- Ngudi dgc
ho^
toan
j^u
thude vk)
vdn
b^
vifit
Khi thd hien tdc phdm bdng
phuimg
thdc dgc. nha bao
Uiutmg
phai tudn
did
chat che
tat ca cdc dau hieu ngdn ngu
cua van ban viet. He thdng tu
vyng, cdu tnic ngu phdp, ngu
doan, cac sdc thai thdng tin da
dugc thiet
lap
sdn trong vdn ban
quy djnh each dgc cua nha bdo.

dung nhjp dieu khdng ddu ttong
pham vi tdc phdm, tdc la doan
mau. doan thua, doan
manh.
doan nhe,
ldc
bdng vdt, ldc
chim ldng, ldc khoan
diai,
khi
ddn dap tuy vdo sy chuyen
ddng eua ddng thdng tin thyc te,
thi ttong phuong thdc dgc, do
bien dgng nhjp dieu thudng it.
Nhip dieu the hien qua gigng
dgc bao gid
ciing
dn djnh. Ngucd
dgc cd the dgc vdn ban theo nhip
dieu ddu nhanh, ddu chdm, ddu
manh. ddu nhe, deu cao, ddu
thap
Neu khdng biet cdch van
dung cac yeu td ngu dieu, ngudi
dgc dd
red
vao ttang thdi dgc ddu
ddu, thieu bieu cdm.
Vi dy nhjp dieu cua ldi ndi
dugc the bien bdng phuang thdc

1+2-2011
Ly luan chinh (ri St TVuyen (hdng
47
Y KIEN - KINH NGHIEM
cdu ndi, tdc do dugc ddy len
nhanh
nhat,
cudng do manh nhat:
Va biy gid, cic ban co biet
vi khich mdi tiip theo cua
chung
ta
la
ai
khdng a?
Laaia?
Vang, hiy cung hudng lin
sin khiu va ndng nhiit chio
don:
ca
si
Ha Anh Tuih!
- Anh hudng cua gigng dgc
tdd gia tri thdng tin thudng
khdng Idn
Chinh sy chi phdi chat che
eua vdn ban viet tdd each dgc
cua nha bdo, nen tten thuc te,
bieu qua eua mdt bd phdn
khdng nhd tdc pham bao cbi

gid; nhidu tin tdc khde, ben canh
do ndng, sdc bdt cua sy kien,
hieu qua eua nd phy thude
nhidu vdo cdch nha bdo su dung
chi tiet, ngdn td, binh anh, ket
cau Do vay, vdi phuang phdp
dgc,
gigng dgc ehi lam tdng
(bode giam) edi hay, edi dep cua
bai viet, ehd khdng quyet djnh
nhidu tdi chdi lugng, hieu qua
eua toan bd tdc phdm. Ngudd
dgc chi cdn dgc ttdn vanh rd
chu. khdng vdp vdp, khdng
nhanh chdm, to nhd bat thudng,
khdng ngdt nghi sai la cd
die
traydn dat dung tinh than tac
phdm.
Qii
trong mdt vai the loai
nhu binh luan, xa luan, ky bio
chi, vai trd eua gigng dgc mdi
dugc phdt huy. Bai binh ludn, xa
ludn khdng chi hay bod ndi
dung, ma cdn d gigng dgc. Mdt
thinh gia da bay td sy yeu men
ede gigng dgc binh ludn tten
Dai TTNVN nhu sau:
"Ngiy

vi
Thinh
gii Dii TNVN).
Nhung PTV tai ndng da dd
lai phuang thdc rieng nhd gigng
dgc traydn cam cua minh. Vi
dy, gigng dgc eua phdt thanh
vien Tuyet Mai, Anh Tha, Kim
Cue,
Viet Hung, Hoang Yen,
Ha Phuong , du mdi ngucd mdt
ve,
nhung khi vang len, cd thd
khcd day sy rang ddng, danh
thdc nhung chidu canh cam xdc
phong phd d ngudi nghe.
- Thdi diem su dung vi
ngucd thuc hiin phuang thuc
dpe
Khao sat cho thay, tten Dai
TNVN, phuang thdc dgc xudt
hien chu yeu ttong cac
chucjig
trinh khdng true tiep, dde
biet 6
nhiing thd loai khdng cd
hoac it
cd yeu td hdi thoai (hay doi
thoai),
nhu tin, binh ludn, xa

di.
De ban che phan ndo nhfing
nhugc diem dd, nha bao phat
thanh thudng phai sd dung
phuong phap dgc didn cam.
Neu dgc bieu dat ndm d
cap
do dgc ddng: dung td
ngu,
diing
ehd ngimg nghi, ttdn vanh ro
chu thi de dgc didn cam,
ngucd dgc khdng chi can co
chdi gigng dep, sang, am, ma
quan trgng la cd nghe thudt sit
dung cac phuang tien ngd dm:
biet each ngdt nghi nhanh lau,
biet cbd nhan manh,
ludt
nhe,
biet ehd keo dai, co ngdn, biet
didn ta rd sdc
Uiai
vui, budn
ciia
ddng tin bdng gigng dieu sinh
48
Ly luan chinh (ri St TVuyen (hdng
Sdihing 1+2-20111
Y KIEN - KINH NGHIEM

Ha Ndi, 2005), bay gii ndi
(chu dung
ciia
mdt sd nhd bdo
Dai TNVN) la mdt ky thudt ma
chi nhtrng ngudd "ttong nghd"
phdt thanh
ttuydn
hinh mdi thdng
tudng, bdi thinh gia rat khd - va
gdn nhu la khdng thd, phdn biet
ddu
Id gii
noi.
ddu la noi.
Gii noi thuang dugc bidu Id,
ngudi ttinh bay, vd ban chdi la
dgc vdn ban, nhung nhd ky
thudt
did
hien ma ngudi nghe cd
cam giac nhu nha bao dang
"ndi",
dang giao tiep thyc sy vdi
minh. Phuang thdc nay xudi
bien do yeu eau eua ldi ttuyen
dat thong tin theo kieu ttd chuy-
en vdi thinh gia, ttong didu kien
nha bdo vdn phai phu
Uiudc

ngon tu. Tue
la,
qua trinh thd
bien khong ddi bdi sy cbinh xdc
tuyet ddi nbu trong van ban viet.
Ngudi dgc ed thd thay ddi mdt
so tu ngu, ed thd sd dung di
chem xen, dd bien vdn ban viet
thanh van ban ndi cd mau sdc
khau ngu. Vi du:
"(d)
Cic ban
a.
theo dy bao
eua dai khi tugng thuy van khu
vyc Nam Bd
thi
thcd tiet tai
TTidnb
phd Hd Chi Minh trong
nhting ngay tdi se ndng am.
Ngdy mdng 1 Tet vd ngay
mimg
3
Tet
thist
xudt hien
mdt
dgt ttidu cudng. Tuy nhien, cic
ban niy, myc nude sdng cao

cung vdd viec su dung cac td
chem xen, ngucd ddn phai ed
each ngimg nghi, each nhdn td,
nha tu phu hgp.
- Ngudi gii noi da bit diu
the hiin bin sic ci nhin ro
ring han
Ndu nbu trong phuong thdc
dgc,
vai trd hd trg cua gigng dgc
tdi hieu qua tdc phdm ttong
nhidu the loai bao chi thudng
md nhat, thi trong phuang thdc
dgc ket hgp vdi ndi, dnh hudng
eua gigng dgc - ndi, cua each
ddn tdi hieu qud tdc phdm rd ret
ban. Cd the thay rd didu nay
qua vi dy sau:
'Nu:
Thuong
Uyin vi Dang
Khang chio mung quy vi vi cic
ban.
Nam: Rat vui
vi
duac
gap
lai
quy vi vi cic ban
Uong

Y KIEN - KINH NGHIEM
( )
Nu: Quy vi va cic ban than
men,
ching can phai noi chic
quy vi va cic ban cung da biii
ngay sau day
sela
nhirng thdng
tin khuyin mai hip din trin
khip mpi miin dii
nude
phii
khdng a? Va Thanh Uyin va
Dang Khang cdng khdng de
quy vi phii dcd liu hon nua.
Ngay sau diy, mdi Dang
Khang gdi den quy vi
thinh
gii
chuang trinh siiu khuyen mai
diu tiin cua budi tin khuyen
mii hdm nay di
Nam: Vang, thua quy vi,
chuang trinh khuyen mai dau
tiin mi Dang Khang mudn gidi
thieu cimg quy
vi,
dPli
chuang

chuang trinh da the hien ngay
quan he than mat vdd thinh gia.
Vai ttd ca nhdn cua ngudd ndi
ttd nen rd rang hon.
Chinh didu nay, ngugc lai, da
anh hudng tryc tiep tdd tam ly,
ngdn ngu cua hg. Ngudi ndi
khdng the yen tam dya hoan
toan vao cdc van ban viet sdn,
ma da ed phuang thdc "kbdu
ngu boa", bdt dau xuat hien
nhting dng bien ngdn ngu linh
hoat ban. Vi du, ngucd ndi ed
the them tu, luge bdt Ui, sua ddi
cdu chu neu tbdy can thiet.
Trong mdt sd tradng hgp, ngucd
ndi phai "ddng vai" phdng vien
phdng thu dd ket ndi dien thoai,
ddt cdu hdi vdi ngudn tin
Cam gidc dem
lai
cho ngucd
nghe chinh la ngucd phdng vien,
ngudd ddn chuang tiinh dang
ndi
"Idd
eua minh" ma khdng
phai la ndi
Idd
cua ngudd khac

phuong thuc gia not
huon^
Tren Dai
'mVN,
phuonj
thdc gia ndi xudi hien nhieu
nhai ttong cac chuang trinh
hoac the loai - ma d dd, cd tinh
ddi thoai hoac Wang tac, vi du
nhu ttong boat ddng ddn (ddn
gidd thieu tin, bai; ddn ddt, dieu
khien tga dam, phdng van;
din
chuong trinh; ddn he chuong
trinh) hoac trong boat dpng
phan anh true tiep tai hien
tradng cd su dung van ban.
6
nhung tradng hgp nay, bieu
hien rd nhat
la
ngudd ddn vdn
nhin van ban, nhung thay bdng
ldi dgc vdd ngu dieu ddu deu,
ttan tra, khdng vap vap, ngudi
the hien cd gdng tao nen mot
gigng dieu tu nhien nhu la dang
hdi thoai, dang ndi chuyen vdi
khdch mod bode thinh gia.
De thyc hien phuong thiic

bao gid cbi ciing dung phong
each
dpe
kit hop vdi noi,
tim
den mdt each ddn du khac. Daiu
ah "ndi hda" rai rd ttong
vi6
50
Ly luan chinh (ri St TVuyen (hdng
Sdihing
1+2-201
Y KIEN - KINH NGHIEM
tao
led.
Chang ban, dya tren van
ban da dugc chuan bj, chj them
Idi (nhting tu in nghieng) theo
phong each gia ndi:
"Vi tic gii cung xin luu y
vdi cic ban la, sau 5 phut nua,
chuang trinh Tu van phap luat,
tic gii
cdngse
tiep tue ed cudc
tga dam dd cap mdt sd giai phdp
ndng cao hieu qua eua cdng tdc
trg gidp phap ly. Vi luat su
Ddng Thi Nhung, den tu vdn
phdng luat su midn

hoac thoit ly hoin toan van
bin viii
Trong phuong thdc ndi,
ngucri ndi bao gid cung su dung
dd cuong so
luge,
bode, ttong
nhidu
uudng
hgp, hoan toan
theo
phuang thdc ndi ngdu
hung. Hg dugc ttao quydn chu
dgng didu chinh them, bdt
ndi
dung trong khi chuong trinh
dang dugc thyc bien.
Vi dy, ngudi ddn trong cac
chuang trinh phdt thanh
Gid
cao
diim,
Khich mdi
tnic
tiep cudi
tuin.
Bin trdn im nhac, Diin
dan
Kinh
te,

Trude bet, dd
la
ban sdc
trong viee su dyng ngdn tu. Cd
ngudi, tu ngu bat ra mau le,
chinb xdc, ttudng td phong phd,
thoang dat. Cd ngudi hay thich
su dung ldi so sdnb vi von, cd
ngudi hay sd dyng tue ngu,
ngan ngu dd bidu. Cd ngudi ndi
ludn cd mau sdc vdn bgc nghe
thuat, cd ngudd ndi day triet ly
sdu xa
Thd
hai,
dd la ban
sdc
d gigng
ndi,
cdch
ndi.
Cd ngudd ndi ndng
luu
lodt,
ttdi chay, ed ngudi ap a
dp dng nhu ngdm hot thj. Cd
ngucd ndi chdm rai, tu tdn, dinh
dac,
cd ngudi ndi nhanh nhu "bdt
tep".

dde diem:
+ Su dung td ngu co dp du
Vi dy: 'Ban thinh gia d sd
mdy 0942106888 tbi cho biet,
nga ba Phan Trgng Tue di ra (p,
di ra) Nggc Hdi. vang. nga ba
Phan Trpng Tui giao cit vdi
Ngpc Hoi thi mat
dd
phuong
tien giao thdng rat ddng va di
chuyen chdm. (d)
Thua
cic ban/
(d) cii viee (d) nga ba Phan
Trgng Tue - Nggc Hdi ddng
ngudi di chuyen chdm cung (a)
phdn nao phdn dnh (a) cii viec
un tdc d tren dudng 70, doan
qua Vien 103 va Cdu Bieu tu
dau gid cao diem den bdy gid
(d) (cd khi)
CO
the li vdn chua
die
li (d) giai tda dugc
"
(Gid
cao diem,
12.1.2010)

cao diem den biy gid
CO
the vin
chua
giii
toa
duac ".
Didu nay ed mdt vai nguyen
do.
Thd nhdi, vi ldi ndi khdng
dugc chuan bj trade ma phai bat
ra tu hien thyc sinh ddng, Ngudi
ndi phai xu ly cung mdt
ldc
rat
nhidu cdng viee: vua quan sat
hinh anh thu dugc td camera,
quan sat mdn hinh bien tap, ket
ndi dien thoai, phdi hgp vdi ky
thuat vien dm thanh, vua tim tu,
nen khi ndi, hg thudng dung
nhung tu nao mdi nghi ra dugc
cbd khdng cd du thdi gian (bode
kha ndng) tim kiem nhung td
ngu "ddt", va cung khdng du
thdi gian dd didn dat ggn gang
didu mudn ndi nbu each dien
dat trong ngdn ngu viet. Nhidu
khi,
ngudi ndi phai dya vao cdc

do du, nen cung vdi sd lugng
cdu chu bdng nhau, nhung
lugng thdng tin dugc tao ra
khdng dam dde nhu
led
ndi d
dang viet.
+ "Dp
vap"nhieu
han so vdi
khi dpe hay
dpe
kit
hep
vdi noi
Trong khi thyc hien Wdng
thudt tryc tiep, phan anh tryc
tiep,
binh ludn tryc tiep, nhidu
nha bdo de dung sai td, dung tu
khdng ehinh xac, ndi nhdm mdt
cbi tiet nao dd, hoac ndi nhju,
ndi
lap,
ndi ngdc ngd Didu
nay
la
he qua tdi yeu, bdi khdng
phdi ldc nao. W duy ngdn ngu
cung theo kjp su

nen nhip dieu
led
ndi dugc
didu khien
bed
ddng cam hung
va su W duy. Cung trong mpt
cudc Wdng thuat, phan anh, hay
trong mdt cudc ttd chuyen, ldi
ndi ed nhung
ldc
bdi chgt
ngtmg, cd nhung ldc sdi ndi, cd
nhung ldc trdm lang, cd nhimg
khi cao vdt
- Thdi diim xuit hiin
phuang thdc ndi
Phuong thdc ndi xudt hien
kha thudng xuyen trong cac
chuang trinh phat thanh tryc
tiep,
trong nhung the loai cd su
tuong tac vdi khach mdi, vdi
cdng chdng nhu phdng van, tpa
dam, giao
luu
Ngudi su dung
phu'ong thdc nay la phdng vien,
bien tap vien ed uy tin, cd kinh
nghiem eua Dai. Mdt