KHO KHAN TAM LY
CIJA
HOC SINH DAU
LOP
1
QUA THAI DO DOI VOI HOC TAP
Vu Ngpc Ha
Vien Tdm ly hoc.
1.
Dat van de
Nghien cuu khd khan tam ly (KKTL)
ciia
hgc sinh (HS) dau
Idp
1 qua thai
do ddi vdi hgc tap xuat phat tir mgt sd co sd sau day:
Thu
nhd't,
xiid't
phdt td viec chuyen hogt dgng
chii
dao d HS khi di hgc lap
J:
Giai doan
Idp 1
la giai doan chdng gai va thir thach trong cugc ddi HS. Nha tam
ly hgc Phap Maurice Debesce ggi
Idp
1 la "trang sir mdi
ciia
cugc ddi dira tre", cd

1 ddi vdi hgc tap la cin thiei.
Ddn thdi diem nay, cd rat nhidu quan niem khac nhau ve thai do, chiing tdi
tha'y quan niem sau
phii
hgp vdi nghien
ciiu
cua minh: Thai do la trang thai sin
sang vd mat tinh than va than kinh dugc td
cbirc
thdng qua kinh nghiem, cd tac
dung dieu chinh hoac cd anh hirdng mgt
each
linh boat den phan irng
ciia
ca nhan
vdi tai ca cac tinh hudng ma nd (phan ring) cd mdi lien he. [1, tr 790].
Thai do ddi vdi hgc tap dugc bidu la trang thai sin sang ve mat tinh thin va
than kinh cd tac dung dinh hudng cam xiic (mang tinh tich cue hay tieu cue) cua
HS lien quan tdi viec hgc tap va sinh boat d nha trudng va dugc bieu hien qua nhan
thiic,
xiic
cam va hanh vi.
O nghien cim nay, do nhan thiic
ciia
HS
Idp
1 cdn chua rd net,
nen
chiing
tdi tap trung tlm hieu sau hon thai do bidu hien d

cihi
la 547 HS
Idp
1 d 4 tinh thanh Ha Ndi, Ha Tay, Ca
Mau va Tra Vinh. Nghien
ciiu
dugc thuc hien trong nam hgc 2007-2008.
3.
Ket qua nghien ciru
Bdng
1:
KKTL qua thdi do ddi vdi hgc tap
ciia
HS ddu Idp 1
Nhung bieu hien
1.
Khong dm ma van nghi hoc
2.
Buoi tdi vira hoc, vira choi
3.
Budi tdi choi xong rdi mdi hgc
4.
Buoi tdi nhidu hdm chua hoc xong da di
ngii
5.
Chua hoc bai budi tdi lin nao
6. Khdng nin not moi khi tap viei*
7.
Danh thdi gian cho mon hoc yeu thich*
8. Budi tdi hoc

0,51
0,63
0,56
0,27
Ghi
chit:
Diem
thap nhat -
I,
diem cao nhd't = 3, DTB cdng cao the hien KKTL qua thai do
ddi rdi hoc tap cdng nhieu.
NhUng
menh de cd ddu * dugc
clio
diem
ngik/c
lai vdi nlulng
nienh
de con Igi
Tim
bieu thai dg
ciia
HS dau
Idp
1 ddi vdi hgc tap, chiing tdi cd ging xem
xet tir nhirng bieu hien nhd nhai nhu viec cac em nin ndt mdi khi tap viei, den
each
thiic vi hanh ddng mdi khi cac em
lim
bai d nhi va thdi

ciia
toan thang do la 2.0). Dieu dd cho thay, da sd HS khi di
hgc
Idp 1
cd thai dg hgc tap
tdt.
Cd the tha'y ring, thai dg la mgt nhan td quan trgng de quyet dinh hanh vi
ciia
mdi ca nhin. Ndu ca nhin cd thai do dung din thi trong da sd cac trudng hgp
ddu cd nhirng hinh vi khdng sai lech chuin muc do xa hgi cung nhu nha trudng
dat ra. Viec HS mdi di hgc
Idp
1 da cd thai dg hgc tap tdt la mgt didu rat dang
khich le. Qua trao ddi vd thai do hgc tap
ciia
HS ddi vdi hgc tap, da sd giao vien
(GV) tieu hgc cho ring, HS di hgc
Idp
1 cd dugc thai do hgc tap tdt phan
Idn
la
nhd vio vi tri
ciia
ngudi GV tieu hgc ddi vdi HS
Idp
1. Vi tri
ciia
GV trong nha
trudng tieu hgc khac vdi vi tri
ciia

Ben canh dd, su quan tam diing muc
ciia
gia dinh ddi vdi HS ciing giir vai
trd quan trgng de giiip HS cd thai dg hgc tap tdt.
Quan sat 1 gid tap viei tren
Idp
chiing tdi thay trudng hgp chau Tr d
Idp lA
trudng Tieu hgc DK Ha Ndi la mgt minh chiing rii rd cho thiy anh hudng
ciia
su
quan tim khdng diing cich tdi thai dg hgc tap
ciia
con. Trong toin bg tiet hgc,
chau hau nhu khgng dd y ddn viec hgc
ciia
ca
Idp.
Dudi ngan bin
ciia
chau chung
tdi nhin thiy rai nhidu dd an va thiic ud'ng, chau vira hgc, vira an, vira ud'ng, cd luc
chiu ngdi thing lung, cd
liic
chiu nira nim nira ngdi. Trong khi cac ban cham
chii
nghe cd giing bai va thuc hien
yeu
cau
ciia

Bidu hien khd khin rd
nbii
ma HS dau
Idp
1 giip phai la "budi tdi choi
xong rdi mdi hgc" (vdi DTB =
1,56).
Theo quy dinh
ciia mgt
sd trudng tieu hgc
trong miu nghien
ciiu ciia
chiing tdi va quy dinh nay da dugc phd bien tdi phu
buynh vio budi hgp dau nim la mdi tdi HS
Idp
1
nen
dinh ra 30
phiit
de dn bai va
chuan bi cho bai hgc ngay mai, nhirng qua 2 tuin di hgc, vin cd
4,8%
HS trong
30 TAP CHI
TAM
Ly
HOC.
Sd 2
(131).
2 - 2010

"Chi biei khdng, em bi stress nang lam rdi
vi
cai viec hgc
ciia
con be con
nhi em. Hang ngiy ngoai 8 tieng d co quan ra cdn vd nhi mgi viec em phd thac
cho dsin, em chi kem con em hgc. Em khdng cdn thdi gian lam bit
cii
viec gi
ngoii ve sinh ci nhin va kem con hgc thdi. Cd em ben canh li nd hgc diu ra day,
nhung khdng cd em la nd chenh ming ngay. Mdi tdi em bit tip viei 1 tieng, tap
lam toan 1 tieng, ngoii ra li chuin bi sach vd cic mdn khac cho ngiy hdm sau.
The mi khdng cd me ngdi ben canh la khdng chiu viei, khdng chiu lam toin, me
khdng chuin bi sach vd cho li hdm sau di hgc thieu ngay. Em chei mii thdi chi a.
Lai cdn cai benh dai dim nira
chii.
Gin 7 tudi den noi rdi ma hd bim ra li dai dam
udt hdt ca dem v.v ". (N.T.H, nir, 32
tudi.
Hi Ndi).
"Em
ching
biet lam sao nira chi a. Em kem thing cu nha em rii
ciiat,
tdi
nao in com xong cho nghi 30
pbiit
rdi bit ngdi vao lim toan vi tip viei, tip dgc
de'n tan
lOg

thich nbii la mdn tap vidt (xdp
thii
tu trong sd
nhirng mdn hgc dugc
yeu
thich nhai). Cd ddn 57,5% HS dugc hdi luc nio cung nan
ndt khi vidt,
34,1%
HS
liic
nin ndt,
liic
khdng vi chi cd 8,4% HS khdng bao gid
nin ndt mdi khi vidt. Danh gia
ciia
HS ve viec tap viet cd su khac biet so vdi dinh
gia cua cac GV
chii
nhiem
ciia
cac em. Theo GV, cd 40,4% HS
liic
nao cung nin
ndt khi vidt, 53,1% liic nin ndt, luc khdng vi chi cd
6,9%
ching
liic
nio nan ndt
ca. Nhu vay, sd cac em tu nhan minh khdng bao gid nin ndt cao hon so vdi danh
gia

nhat vdi
44,9%
HS
lira
chgn, xdp thir 2
la mgn
tidng
VietAFip
dgc vdi
26,4%^
lira
chgn,
thii
ba la mdn MT thuat vdi
21,6%
va
thii
tu la tap vidt vdi 17,7% sd HS lua chgn.
Trong sd nhung mdn hgc ma HS
lira
chgn la minh
yeu
thich nbii cd 65,3% HS
danh nhidu thdi gian cho mdn hgc minh thich nbii. Cd 30,1% danh it thdi gian va
cd
4,6%
HS tuy
yeu
thich mdn hgc nhung khdng danh thdi gian cho mdn hgc dd
nhieu hon so vdi mdn khac.

va cd tdi 10,9% khdng can hgc
bai xong da choi hoac
ngii.
Nhu vay, sd HS ma cha me nhln nhan li hgc xong mdi
choi hoac
ngii
thap hon so vdi tu danh gia
ciia
HS va do vay con sd khdng can hgc
xong bii da choi hoac
ngii
lai ting len so vdi nhin nhan
ciia
cac em.
Thii do ddi vdi hgc tap
ciia
HS cdn the hien qua y thiic tu giac hgc bai vi
lam bai tip d nhi. Cd
61,1%
HS ddn gid hgc tu ngdi vao ban, cd
31,1%
cd ngay
phai nhic nhd va 7,9%
ludn ludn
phai nhic nhd mdi chiu hgc. Danh gia cua phu
buynh (PH) HS vd van de nay khac xa tu danh gia
ciia
con hg. Ndu nhu sd HS tu
nhan den gid hgc tu ngdi vao ban khdng cin phai nhac nhd la 61,1% thi theo cha
me cac em chi cd 35,3% la khdng cin nhic nhd, vi cd tdi 15,2% ludn ludn phii

ring, khdng
nen
bat HS
Idp 1
hgc bai d nha vdi thdi gian dai va nhieu bai tap, cd vi
PH mdi tdi chi bat con ngdi hgc 30
phiit.
trong khi dd cd cha me
yeu
cau con hgc
1 hoac 2 tidng ddng hd.
32 TAP CHI
TAM
Ly
HOC.
Sd 2 (131), 2 - 2010
"Mdi tdi vd nha em phai dinh vat vdi con
vl
bai cd giao giao vd nha tap viei
nhieu qui. Em thi chi mudn chau hgc khoang 30 phiit mdi tdi li vira, nhung me
chau bit nd phai vidt hdt bii cd giao, rdi cdn lam them bii me giao nii'a. Nhin con
cdng lung ra vidt mdi ca tay, rdi ngip ngin ngap dai lim toin mi bd sdt hdt ca
rudt. Chi vi viec hgc
ciia
con d nha mi nhidu hdm vo chdng em gian nhau" (PVS
Tr.M.S,
phu buynh
I IS Idp
1,
Hi Ngi).

— ^_
1.
Khong dm ma vin nghi hgc
2.
Budi tdi vira hgc, vira choi
3.
Budi tdi choi xong rdi mdi hoc
4.
Budi tdi nhieu bom chua hgc xong da di
ngii
Nam
vd nd
(dl)
0,18***
5.
Chua hoc bai budi tdi lin nao i 0,02*
6. Khdng nin ndt mdi khi tap
viei
7.
Danh thdi gian cho mdn hoc yeu thich
-0,03*
Thdnh phd
vd nong
thdn (d2)
-0,08***
-0,15***
0,45***
-0,08***
-0,06***
-0,02*

hai.
Xem xet
sir
khic biet d mgt sd tieu chi vd thai do ddi vdi hgc tap
ciia
MS
dau
Idp
1, chiing tgi thi'y, vd tdng the, khdng cd
sir
khac biet cd y nghia ve KKTL
trong thai do ddi vdi hgc tip giira HS nam vi HS nir. Nhu vay, HS nam vi HS nu
deu gap khd khin d cic
miic
dg nhidu, it nhu nhau va mu'c do khd khan la tuong
ddi thi'p d ca nam va nu. Nhung. xet rieng tirng bieu hien KKTL qua thai do ddi
vdi hgc tip thi HS nam gap khd khan hon HS nir, the
hien
trong 4 bidu hien cd
TAP CHI
TAM
Ly
HOC,
Sd 2
(131),
2 -
2010
33
khac biet (cd y nghia) thi HS nam gap khd khan nhieu hon HS nir 3 bidu hien (cac
bidu bien 3, 5, 9).

tdi
nhidu hdm chua hgc xong da di
ngii";
"Chua hgc bai budi tdi lan
nao"
hon HS thinh phd (vdi dg chenh lech vd DTB giira hai nhdm khach the lin
lugt la 0,08; 0,15; 0,08; 0,06 va P<0,001). Nhung cd the tha'y ring, su khac biet
Idn
nbii li d bieu hien "budi tdi choi xong rdi mdi hgc"
ciia
nhdm HS thinh phd
cao hon nhdm HS ndng thdn (d = 0,45, P<0,001). Ket qua nay mgt lin niia lai cho
tha'y, 0 thanh phd dieu kien sinh boat vui choi tdt hon d ndng thdn, cho
nen
HS
thanh phd khd tap trung vao viec hgc bai d nha hon HS ndng thdn.
Chii
thich
1.
Vu Diing (chu bien) (2008),
Tddien
Tdm ly hoc, Nxb Tir dien bach
khoa.
Ha Ndi.
2.
Cac bai viei dugc dang tren Tap
chi
Tam ly hoc sd 5,6,9.10 Tap chi Tam ly hoc
2008 visd 12 nam
2009.

bien),
Nxb Giio
due,
1998, tr 153.
4.
Vien Khoa hgc giao
due
- Trung tim Tam li hoc - Sinh li hgc
liia
tudi (2001), Mat
sd ddc diem sinh li vd tdm li cua HS tieu hgc ngdy
na\,
NXB
DllQG
Ha Ndi.
34 TAP CHI
TAM
Ly
HOC. So 2
(131).
2 - 2010