New resource additions to the IDEAS Maternal and Child Health library
during June to September 2012

Below are brief details of the 184 new resources that have been added to the IDEAS Maternal and
Newborn Health Library: A library of around 2,000 resources relating to Maternal and Newborn Health
and other topics relevant to the work of IDEAS e.g. economic evaluation, scale-up and diffusion etc.

Where the full text is available through Open Access, there is a note after the URL. Other URLs give
access to abstracts. IDEAS Technical Resource Centre members can access some resources via ideas-
trc.lshtm.ac.uk.

There are a number of access schemes that make academic journals and papers available to people in
low- and middle-income countries through which you may be able you to access the full text of
resources that are otherwise available through subscription.

“Scale” and “Scaling-up”: A CORE Group Background Paper on “Scaling-Up” Maternal, Newborn and
Child Health Services. (2005).
Core GroupThis paper briefly summarizes definitions, approaches, and challenges to achieving “scale” in
community-focused health programs as discussed at the 2005 CORE spring meeting and the USAID child
survival and health grants program mini-university. [Management Sciences for Health] Ten dimensions of scaling up reproductive health programs: an
introduction. [2002].
This is the introduction to a series of issue papers for family planning and reproductive health program
managers that consider: change, capacity, strategy, impact, sustainability, access, supply and demand,
cost, resources and timing.
reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Adebowale, S. A., F. A. Fagbamigbe, et al. Contraceptive use: implication for completed fertility, parity
progression and maternal nutritional status in Nigeria. Afr J Reprod Health (2011). 15(4): 60-67
This study identified socio-demographic factors influencing contraceptive use while using nutritional
status, completed fertility and parity progression as key variables.
o/index.php/ajrh/article/viewFile/74794/65397

Adegoke, A. A., M. Campbell, et al. Community study of maternal mortality in South West Nigeria: How
applicable is the sisterhood method. Matern Child Health J (2012).
This paper reports the first community based study that measures the incidence of maternal mortality in
Ibadan, Nigeria using the indirect sisterhood method and explores the applicability of this method in a
community where maternal mortality is not a rare event. Aggarwal, R. and A. Thind. Effect of maternal education on choice of location for delivery among Indian
women. National Medical Journal of India (2011). 24(6 ): 328-334
A study of the effect of maternal education on the choice of location for delivery in the Indian
population. Ahmed, T., M. Mahfuz, et al. Nutrition of children and women in Bangladesh: trends and directions for
the future. J Health Popul Nutr (2012). 30(1): 1-11
Although child and maternal malnutrition has been reduced in Bangladesh, the prevalence of
underweight children aged less than five years is still high (41%). Nearly one-third of women are
undernourished with body mass index of <18.5 kg/m2. The prevalence of anaemia among young infants,
adolescent girls, and pregnant women is still at unacceptable levels. Despite the successes in specific
programmes, such as the Expanded Programme on Immunization and vitamin A supplementation,
programmes for nutrition interventions are yet to be implemented at scale for reaching the entire
population.

Although pregnancy loss causes considerable challenge to women’s health, population-based studies in
rural areas are not widely available in low-income countries. This study aims to determine the hazard of
pregnancy loss and related factors in the rural communities of Ethiopia. Atun, R., T. de Jongh, et al. Integration of targeted health interventions into health systems: a
conceptual framework for analysis. Health Policy and Planning (2010). 25(2): 104-111
The proposed conceptual framework and the analytical approach are intended to facilitate analysis in
evaluative and formative studies of—and policies on—integration, for use in systematically comparing
and contrasting health interventions in a country or in different settings to generate meaningful
evidence to inform policy. Baker, U., G. Tomson, et al. How to know what you need to do: a cross-country comparison of
maternal health guidelines in Burkina Faso, Ghana and Tanzania. Implementation Science (2012).
7(31): 13
The study was a multiple case study design of clinical practice guidelines, consisting of cross-country
comparisons using document review and key informant interviews. A conceptual framework to aid
analysis and discussion of results was developed, including selected domains related to guidelines'
implementability and use by health workers in practice in terms of usability, applicability, and
adaptability.

This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License
( which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and
reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Batson, A. Sustainable introduction of affordable new vaccines: the targeting strategy. Vaccine (1998).
16 (Suppl): S93–S98
The successes and failures in introducing a 'new' vaccine like hepatitis B vaccine into the world have
clearly illustrated that it is economics and not epidemiology which dictates introduction of the vaccine
Bedford, J., M. Gandhi, et al. 'A normal delivery takes place at home': A qualitative study of the
location of childbirth in rural Ethiopia. Matern Child Health J (2012).
A study to identify reasons why women who access health facilities and utilise maternal newborn and
child health services at other times, do not necessarily deliver at health facilities. Bertrand, J. T. Diffusion of innovations and HIV/AIDS. J Health Commun (2004). 9 Suppl 1: 113-121
As the HIV/AIDS epidemic continues its relentless spread in many parts of the world, DOI provides a
useful framework for analyzing the difficulties in achieving behavior change necessary to reduce HIV
rates. This article describes the attributes of this preventive innovation in terms of relative advantage,
compatibility, complexity, trialability, and observability. It reviews studies that incorporated DOI into
HIV/AIDS behavior change interventions, both in Western countries and in the developing world. Finally,
it discusses possible reasons that the use of DOI has been fairly limited to date in HIV/AIDS prevention
interventions in developing countries.

Bhandari, N., A. K. Kabir, et al. Mainstreaming nutrition into maternal and child health programmes:
scaling up of exclusive breastfeeding. Matern Child Nutr (2008). 4 Suppl 1: 5-23
This review examines programme efforts to scale up exclusive breastfeeding in different countries and
draws lesson for successful scale-up. Opportunities and challenges in scaling up of exclusive
breastfeeding into Maternal and Child Health programmes are identified. Bharati, P., M. Pal, et al. Prevalence and causes of low birth weight in India. Malaysian Journal of
Nutrition (2011). 17(3): 301-313
The aims of this study are (i) to understand inter-zone and interstate variation of low birth weight (LBW)
and (ii) to determine the key variables to reduce LBW in India.
global commitment and the fact that the majority of maternal deaths, 99% of which occur in developing
countries, can be prevented through well known interventions. So what more is needed to get on track? Central Statistical Agency, C. and I. International. Ethiopia demographic and health survey 2011.
(2012). Addis Ababa, Ethiopia & Calverton, Maryland, USA, CSA
This is the third comprehensive demographic survey conducted in Ethiopia as part of the worldwide
Demongraphic and Health Surveys project. It includes chapters on Infant and child mortality, Maternal
health and Child health. CGIAR – NGO Committee and Global Forum for Agricultural Research Going to Scale: Can we bring
benefits to more people more quickly? [Draft]. Going to Scale workshop. (2000). 10-14 April 2000,
International Institute of Rural Reconstruction
Silang, Cavite, Philippines: 41
The general objective of this GOING TO SCALE Workshop (the Philippine Workshop) was to “generate
guideposts and a list of available/emerging tools for use in scaling up efforts.” Chabalgoity, J. A. Paving the way for the introduction of new vaccines into developing countries.
Expert Rev Vaccines (2005). 4(2): 147-150
Most of the new developments in vaccines are being conceived to target the market of industrialized
countries and it is foreseeable that their introduction in low-to-middle income countries will be difficult
if at any time possible. Strengthening their own capacities for R&D and production is likely to be the
most reasonable avenue to ensure that new vaccines will become a sustainable reality for developing
countries. Concerted efforts that draw together local capacities (industry and academy) with the
experience of large global manufacturers, could have a major impact and provide a great example of an
effective partnership to achieve this.
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Clemens, J. and L. Jodar. Introducing new vaccines into developing countries: obstacles, opportunities
and complexities. Nat Med (2005). 11(4 Suppl): S12-15 Infectious diseases are thought to account for
nearly 25% of all deaths worldwide, and extract a disproportionate toll in developing countries.
Moreover, infectious diseases are now appreciated to be major causes of the poverty and economic
underdevelopment that characterize the world's poorest countries. Development and deployment of
new vaccines to prevent infectious diseases in developing countries have therefore become high
priorities in the global health agenda. Clemens, J. D. Thinking downstream to accelerate the introduction of new vaccines for developing
countries. Vaccine (2003). 21 Suppl 2: S114-115 Introduction of new vaccines into public health
programs in developing countries requires 'translational research', initiated even during the phase of
vaccine development, to generate the evidence base necessary for rational public health decision-
making. Translational research encompasses assessments of the local disease burden, demonstration
projects of vaccines in realistic public health programs, analysis of the economic impact of vaccine
introduction, assessment of community and policy-maker perceptions about the importance of a
disease and the need to vaccinate against it, and identification of distribution channels and financial
mechanisms for deploying and paying for a new vaccine. In the absence of this background information,
even a successful vaccine may risk substantial difficulties and delays in its introduction into programs for
the poor in developing countries. Coburn, C. E. Rethinking Scale: Moving Beyond Numbers to Deep and Lasting Change. Educational
Researcher (2003). 32(6): 3-12
The issue of “scale” is a key challenge for school reform, yet it remains under-theorized in the literature.
Definitions of scale have traditionally restricted its scope, focusing on the expanding number of schools
reached by a reform. Such definitions mask the complex challenges of reaching out broadly while
simultaneously cultivating the depth of change necessary to support and sustain consequential change.
This article draws on a review of theoretical and empirical literature on scale, relevant research on


Darmstadt, G. L., D. A. Oot, et al. Newborn survival: changing the trajectory over the next decade.
Health Policy & Planning (2012). 27(Suppl. 3: A decade of change for newborn survival, policy and
programmes (2000–2010): A multi-country evaluation of progress towards scale: 1-5
This editorial introduces the journal supplement in which the seven articles present 'a comprehensive
analysis of the changes in newborn care and survival over the last decade at global level, as well as five
detailed country assessments undertaken by over 60 experts from governments and multiple
organizations, in order to better understand the process of taking solutions to scale and how to
accelerate progress towards reductions in mortality and morbidity'. Dees, G., B. B. Anderson, et al. Scaling social impact: Strategies for spreading social innovations.
Stanford Social Innovation Review Stanford (2004). 1(4): 24-33
"If we are serious about tackling social problems on a large scale, we need to develop more effective
tools to address this challenge We hope to expand their conception of the possibilities by encouraging
social entrepreneurs to consider different ways of both defining and spreading their innovations before
determining whether and how to proceed. Our goal is to help them find the most promising strategies
for achieving widespread and timely impact." Defo, B. K. The importance for the MDG4 and MDG5 of addressing reproductive health issues during
the second decade of life: review and analysis from times series data of 51 African countries. Afr J
Reprod Health (2011). 15(2): 9-30 Addressing adolescent sexual and reproductive health issues are
central to efforts for reducing childhood and maternal mortality embedded in MDG4 and MDG5. This
paper reviews these issues in Africa and uses statistical methods for measuring changes to analyze
recent and comparable time series data from 51 African countries. DeJong, J. A Question of Scale? The Challenge of Expanding the Impact of Non-Governmental
Organisations' HIV/AIDS Efforts in Developing Countries. (2001). Horizons Program International


Doctor, H. V., S. E. Findley, et al. Using community-based research to shape the design and delivery of
maternal health services in Northern Nigeria. Reproductive Health Matters (2012). 20(39): 104-112
Maternal mortality ratios in northern Nigeria are among the worst in the world, over 1,000 per 100,000
live births in 2008, with a very low level and quality of maternity services. In 2009, we carried out a
study of the reasons for low utilisation of antenatal and delivery care among women with recent
pregnancies, and the socio-cultural beliefs and practices that influenced them. Duclos, P., J M. Okwo-Bele, et al. Global immunization: status, progress, challenges and future. BMC
International Health and Human Rights (2009). 9 (Suppl 1)(S2)
The Global Immunization Vision and Strategy (GIVS) was developed by WHO and UNICEF as a framework
for strengthening national immunization programmes and protect as many people as possible against
more diseases by expanding the reach of immunization, including new vaccines, to every eligible person.
This paper briefly reviews global progress and challenges with respect to public vaccination
programmes.

This is an Open Access article in the spirit of the BioMed Central Open Access Charter
without any waiver of WHO’s privileges and
immunities under international law, convention or agreement. This article should not be reproduced for
use in association with the promotion of commercial products, services or any legal entity. There should
be no suggestion that WHO endorses any specific organisation or products. The use of the WHO logo is
not permitted. This notice should be preserved along with the article’s original URL

Dynes, M., S. T. Buffington, et al. Strengthening maternal and newborn health in rural Ethiopia: Early
results from frontline health worker community maternal and newborn health training. Midwifery
(2012).
This paper describes early results from the Community Maternal and Newborn Health (CMNH) training
programme of the Maternal and Newborn Health in Ethiopia Partnership (MaNHEP) project.


disabilities among women in Matlab, Bangladesh. Journal of Health Population and Nutrition (2012).
30(2): 143-158
This study aims at identifying the consequences of pregnancy and delivery in the postpartum period,
their association with acute obstetric complications, the sociodemographic characteristics of women,
mode and place of delivery, nutritional status of the mother, and outcomes of birth. Feysia, B., C. H. Herbst, et al. The health workforce in Ethiopia: Addressing the remaining challenges.
(2012). Washington DC, World Bank
This document reviews the current human resources for health situation in Ethiopia, summarizes the
evidence on population use of select health services, and offers relevant policy options to assist the
government finalize its new human resources strategy and address remaining health challenges. Fisher, J., M. Cabral de Mello, et al. Prevalence and determinants of common perinatal mental
disorders in women in low- and lower-middle-income countries: a systematic review. Bull World
Health Organ (2012). 90(2): 139G-149G
The objective of this study was to review the evidence about the prevalence and determinants of non-
psychotic common perinatal mental disorders (CPMDs) in World Bank categorized low- and lower-
middle-income countries. Fraser, S. W. Accelerating the spread of good practice : a workbook for healthcare. (2002). Kingsham
Press.
This workbook combines theories, methodologies and concepts at developing tools and techniques for
promoting the spread of good practice within healthcare. It consists of 5 parts: an overview, sending,
receiving, implementing and putting it together.

Garces, A., E. M. McClure, et al. Training traditional birth attendants on the WHO Essential Newborn
Care reduces perinatal mortality. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand (2012). 91(5): 593-597

Gebremariam, M. B. Perspectives on optimization of vaccination and immunization of Ethiopian
children/women: what should and can we further do? Why and how" Ethiop Med J. (2012). 50(2): 167-
184
Vaccination and immunization of children and child-bearing women, in particular, is uniquely important
public health intervention Ethiopia inclusive. In spite of the promising progresses, much is desired
toward the ultimate optimization, effectiveness and protection. This analytical discourse-recourse piece
of work aimed at flagging the optimization perspectives on the basis of readily available information. Geoghegan, T. M. E. Nutrition in the first 1,000 days: State of the world's mothers 2012. (2012). Save
the Children
The focus of this year's report is on the 171 million children globally who do not have the opportunity to
reach their full potential due to the physical and mental effects of poor nutrition in the earliest months
of life. This report shows which countries are doing the best – and which are doing the worst – at
providing nutrition during the critical window of development that starts during a mother’s pregnancy
and goes through her child’s second birthday. It looks at six key nutrition solutions, including
breastfeeding, that have the greatest potential to save lives, and shows that these solutions are
affordable, even in the world’s poorest countries.
/>9bd0df91d2eba74a%7D/STATEOFTHEWORLDSMOTHERSREPORT2012.PDF

Gilmore, K. and T. A. Gebreyesus. What will it take to eliminate preventable maternal deaths? The
Lancet (2012). 380(9837): 87-88
When the UN Commission on the Status of Women met in March, 2012, it adopted a ground-breaking
resolution calling for the elimination of preventable maternal mortality. With this important goal in
mind, Saifuddin Ahmed and colleagues’ results documented in The Lancet suggest that contraceptive
use can avert more than half of maternal deaths. The investigators used data from three 2010 databases
(UN Maternal Mortality Estimation Inter-Agency Group, UN World Contraceptive Use, and UN World
Population Prospects) to estimate the number of maternal deaths averted by contraceptive use in 172
countries with a counterfactual approach. Using a second model, they made the same estimation for
167 countries and estimated the effect of meeting the unmet need for family planning. The methods

Immunisation Programme (UIP), no scalpel vasectomy (NSV), voluntary counselling and testing (VCT),
and antiretroviral treatment (ART), to identify lessons that might inform the future adoption and
implementation of AIDS vaccines.
/>Center/Publications/Documents/IAVI_THE_INTRODUCTION_OF_NEW_HEALTH_TECHNOLOGIES_IN_INDI
A_RWP_2007_ENG.pdf

Hadis, M., A. Woyessa, et al. Prevention of postpartum hemorrhage in rural Ethiopia: an evidence-
based policy brief. (2012)
As in many African countries postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) is a serious problem in rural Ethiopia.
Reaching rural mothers through Health Extension Workers and/or Traditional Birth Attendants by using
appropriate technologies like misoprostol and oxytcin in Uniject TM could address this problem. The
objective of this policy brief is to summarize the best available evidence describing the problem and
potential solutions for addressing the problem of PPH in rural Ethiopia where there are no health care
facilities and skilled attendants. Hailegiorgis, S. E., S. V. Harlan, et al. Ethiopia family planning / reproductive health inofrmation needs
assessment. (2012). Addis Ababa
In Ethiopia, K4Health sought to explore the current family planning/reproductive health (FP/RH)
knowledge management system; examine information flows and barriers at different levels of the health
system; and identify areas to strengthen health information sharing and use. Haile-Mariam, A., N. Tesfaye, et al. Assessing the health system's capacity to conduct neonatal
resuscitation in Ethiopia. Ethiop Med J (2012). 50(1): 43-55
Globally and nationally approximately a quarter of neonatal deaths and an unknown number of
intrapartum stillbirths are attributed to intrapartum complications known as birth asphyxia. Simple
stimulation and resuscitation can save many of these lives.
To describe the capacity of the Ethiopian health system to provide neonatal resuscitation with bag and
mask.

good and do well, all too many efforts fail, losing billions of investor dollars along the way So why is
innovation so unsuccessful in health care? To answer, we must break down the problem, looking at the
different types of innovation and the forces that affect them, for good or ill. Hoque, M. E., T. Powell-Jackson, et al. Costs of maternal health-related complications in Bangladesh.
Journal of Health Population and Nutrition (2012). 30(2): 205-212
This paper assesses both out-of-pocket payments for healthcare and losses of productivity over six
months postpartum among women who gave birth in Matlab, Bangladesh. Horne, R., V. Cooper, et al. Patients' perceptions of highly active antiretroviral therapy in relation to
treatment uptake and adherence: the utility of the necessity-concerns framework. J Acquir Immune
Defic Syndr (2007). 45(3): 334-341
This study aimed to test the utility of the necessity-concerns framework in predicting highly active
antiretroviral therapy (HAART) uptake and adherence. Iyengar, K. Early postpartum maternal morbidity among rural women of Rajasthan, India: a
community-based study. Journal of Health Population and Nutrition (2012). 30(2): 213-225
The first postpartum week is a high-risk period for mothers and newborns. Very few community-based
studies have been conducted on patterns of maternal morbidity in resource-poor countries in that first
week. An intervention on postpartum care for women within the first week after delivery was initiated
in a rural area of Rajasthan, India. The intervention included a rigorous system of receiving reports of all
deliveries in a defined population and providing home-level postpartum care to all women, irrespective
of the place of delivery. Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health. Use of mobile technology in creating demand for
and sustaining use of contraceptives among marginalized urban populations of Uttar Pradesh. (2009).

appropriate health programmes and policies in order to meet the United Nations MDG goal. The
objective of this study was to develop a predictive model and identify maternal, child, family and other
risk factors associated U5M in Nigeria.

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License
( which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and
reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Khan, A., M. V. Kinney, et al. Newborn survival in Pakistan: a decade of change and future implications.
Health Policy & Planning (2012). 27(Suppl 3: A decade of change for newborn survival, policy and
programmes (2000–2010): A multi-country evaluation of progress towards scale): 72-87
Pakistan has the world’s third highest national number of newborn deaths (194 000 in 2010). Major
national challenges over the past decade have affected health and development including several large
humanitarian disasters, destabilizing political insurgency, high levels of poverty and an often hard-to-
reach predominately rural population with diverse practices. As part of a multi-country analysis, we
examined changes for newborn survival between 2000 and 2010 in terms of mortality, coverage and
health system indicators as well as national and donor funding. Kirk, E. and H. Standing Institutional issues in scaling up programmes for meeting the health related
needs of the very poor [Background paper]. What Works for the Poorest: Knowledge, Policies, Practices:
International Conference. (2006). BRAC, Rajendrapur 3-5 December 2006: 18
This paper reviews current strategies for scaling up successful interventions to meet the health-related
needs of the poorest in developing countries. Findings show that all mechanisms for targeting the
poorest suffer from elements of leakage, as well as weak institutional and governance structures.
However, these problems are outweighed by the distributive benefits of some schemes. Demand-driven
financing (involving the provision of resources to supply services for a distinct group) also has potential
for reaching the poorest. However, parallel interventions on the supply side are needed to ensure
quality is raised in addition to coverage.


a woman space her next pregnancy by at least six months. UNICEF, UNFPA and WHO also recommend
that a woman delay her first pregnancy until 18. These recommendations comprise the concept of
Healthy Timing and Spacing of Pregnancy (HTSP). The Extending Service Delivery Project (ESD) partnered
with the Federation of Muslim Women Association of Nigeria and religious leaders to educate
communities about the benefits of using family planning to practice HTSP in five local government areas.
o/vol16_no2/16_2_article19.pdf

Larkin, M. E., C. A. Griffith, et al. Promoting research utilization using a conceptual framework. J Nurs
Adm (2007). 37(11): 510-516
Since the early 1990s, evidence-based practice has gained momentum, but barriers persist between
knowledge development and application in practice. The Massachusetts General Hospital re-engineered
the Nursing Research Committee as one vehicle for promoting research-based practice. Using the
Promoting Action on Research Implementation in Health Services framework, the mission and methods
(context) to advance research-based practice are explicated. Characteristics of the membership,
leadership, and practice environment that facilitate research utilization are delineated.
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Lawn, J. and H. Blencowe. Born too soon: The global action report on pre-term birth. (2012). A podcast
of a lecture delivered at LSHTM on 30 May 2012.
This report shows that rapid change is possible and presents actions for policy, programs and research
by all partners - from governments to NGOs to the business community that if acted upon, will
substantially reduce the toll of preterm birth, especially in high-burden countries.
:8080/ess/echo/presentation/fc6a08ba-64dc-4d28-b5ce-f95fc740273d

Lawn, J. E., M. V. Kinney, et al. Newborn survival: a multi-country analysis of a decade of change.
Health Policy & Planning (2012). 27(Suppl. 3: A decade of change for newborn survival, policy and
programmes (2000–2010): A multi-country evaluation of progress towards scale [Supplement]): 6-18
Neonatal deaths account for 40% of global under-five mortality and are ever more important if we are
to achieve the Millennium Development Goal 4 (MDG 4) on child survival. We applied a results
framework to evaluate global and national changes for neonatal mortality rates (NMR), healthy

Mahoney, R. T., A. Krattiger, et al. The introduction of new vaccines into developing countries. IV:
Global Access Strategies. Vaccine (2007). 25(20): 4003-4011
This paper offers a framework for managing a comprehensive Global Access Strategy for new vaccines in
developing countries. It is aimed at strengthening the ability of public-sector entities to reach their
goals. Mahoney, R. T. and J. E. Maynard. The introduction of new vaccines into developing countries. Vaccine
(1999). 17(7-8): 646-652
The development and introduction of new vaccines is a costly and time consuming process.
Unfortunately, those most in need individuals in developing countries are the last to receive these
powerful disease preventing products. From the time a vaccine is first licensed in a developed country to
the time most of the poor in developing countries have access to the vaccine can be 20-30 years. This
delay is unacceptable. There is a great need to reduce this time span. This paper examines five ways of
reducing the time span. Each of the five is essential and achieving success on all five will require a
heightened level of international effort and coordination. Mahoney, R. T., A. Pablos-Mendez, et al. The introduction of new vaccines into developing countries.
III. The role of intellectual property. Vaccine (2004). 22(5-6): 786-792
The development of new vaccines that address the particular needs of developing countries has been
proceeding slowly. A number of new public sector vaccine research and development initiatives have
been launched to address this problem. These new initiatives find that they often wish to collaborate
with the private sector and, in collaborating with the private sector, they must address issues of
intellectual property (IP) management. It has not been well understood why IP management is
important and how such management by public sector groups can best be conducted This paper
suggests some strategies that might be used by the public sector to help achieve its public health goals,
especially for the poor.
Results of a global literature review on program effectiveness, and from case studies in Ethiopia, India,
and Nigeria, were synthesized. Massey, P. Reducing maternal mortality in Senegal: using GIS to identify priority regions for the
expansion of human resources for health. World Health Popul. (2011). 13(2): 13-22
In 2005, Senegal had an estimated maternal mortality ratio of 980 deaths per 100,000 live births, well
above the global average of 400. The concentration of health workers has been shown to be associated
with improved health outcomes, including maternal mortality. To explore this relationship, this paper
uses geographic information systems (GIS) to examine the regional distribution of human resources for
health and related maternal health indicators in Senegal. Mazumdar, S., A. Mills, et al. Financial incentives in health: New evidence from India's Janani Suraksha
Yojana. (2012). 53 (The paper was delivered in May 2012, as part of the 3ie-LIDC Seminar Series).
This paper studies the health effects of one of the world’s largest demand-side financial incentive
programmes – India’s Janani Suraksha Yojana. Mbonye, A. K., M. Sentongo, et al. Newborn survival in Uganda: a decade of change and future
implications. Health Policy & Planning (2012). 27(Suppl 3: A decade of change for newborn survival,
policy and programmes (2000–2010): A multi-country evaluation of progress towards scale): 104-117
Each year in Uganda 141 000 children die before reaching their fifth birthday; 26% of these children die
in their first month of life. In a setting of persistently high fertility rates, a crisis in human resources for
health and a recent history of civil unrest, Uganda has prioritized Millennium Development Goals 4 and
5 for child and maternal survival. As part of a multi-country analysis we examined change for newborn
survival over the past decade through mortality and health system coverage indicators as well as
national and donor funding for health, and policy and programme change.
service utilization and associated factors among pregnant women attending antenatal care clinics using
a health belief model. Moran, A. C., K. Kerber, et al. Benchmarks to measure readiness to integrate and scale up newborn
survival interventions. Health Policy & Planning (2012). 27(Suppl 3: A decade of change for newborn
survival, policy and programmes (2000–2010): A multi-country evaluation of progress towards scale):
29-39
Neonatal mortality accounts for 40% of under-five child mortality. Evidence-based interventions exist,
but attention to implementation is recent. Nationally representative coverage data for these neonatal
interventions are limited; therefore proximal measures of progress toward scale would be valuable for
tracking change among countries and over time. We describe the process of selecting a set of
benchmarks to assess scale up readiness or the degree to which health systems and national
programmes are prepared to deliver interventions for newborn survival. A prioritization and consensus-
building process was co-ordinated by the Saving Newborn Lives programme of Save the Children,
resulting in selection of 27 benchmarks. Moree, M. and S. Ewart. Policy challenges in malaria vaccine introduction. American Jouranl of Tropical
Medicine and Hygiene (2004). 71(2 (Supplement: Breman JG, Alilio MS, Mills A, editors. The Intolerable
Burden of Malaria II: What's New, What's Needed)): 248–252
This article draws attention to the importance of research to inform policy decisions and to minimize
delays in the introduction of a new malaria vaccine. Morrison, S. J. and S. Brundage. Advancing health in Ethiopia: with fewer resources, an uncertain GHI
strategy, and vulnerabilities on the ground. (2012). Washington, D.C., Centre for Strategic and
International Studies (CSIS)
Over the last decade the United States' health partnership with Ethiopia has contributed to significant
health gains in the country. This is a report of three visits to Ethiopia in 2011 by senior officials from

evaluation of the country programs, identifying the most effective and cost-efficient programmatic
approaches to improving contraceptive use among the urban poor.
This report presents baseline survey results from samples in six cities in Uttar Pradesh, India.
/>Uttar-Pradesh.pdf

Narayanan, P., K. Moulasha, et al. Monitoring community mobilisation and organisational capacity
among high-risk groups in a large-scale HIV prevention programme in India: selected findings using a
Community Ownership and Preparedness Index. J Epidemiol Community Health. (2012). (1470-2738
(Electronic))
In a participatory approach to health and development interventions, defining and measuring
community mobilisation is important, but it is challenging to do this effectively, especially at scale. A
cross-sectional, participatory monitoring tool was administered in 2008-2009 and 2009-2010 across a
representative sample of 25 community-based groups (CBGs) formed under the Avahan India AIDS
Initiative, to assess their progress in mobilisation, and to inform efforts to strengthen the groups and
make them sustainable. Neogi, S. B., S. Malhotra, et al. Challenges in scaling up of special care newborn units - Lessons from
India. Indian Pediatrics (2011). 48: 931-935
Neonatal mortality rate in India is high and stagnant. Special Care Newborn Units (SCNUs) are being set
up to provide quality level II newborn care services in district hospitals of several districts to meet this
challenge A recently concluded evaluation of these units indicates that it is possible to provide quality
level II newborn care in district hospitals. However, there are critical constraints Scaling up these units
would require squarely addressing these constraints. Nizova, N., Z. Shabarova, et al. Scale-up strategy for the prevention of mother-to-child transmission of
HIV/AIDS in resource-limited settings in Eurasia. XV Intenational AIDS Conference. (2004). Bangkok.
This poster presentation describes a strategy for preventing mother-to-child-transmission of HIV, using
the Odessa Model, which has been designed to be effective in resource poor settings.


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reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Oladeinde, B. H., R. Omoregie, et al. Prevalence of malaria and anemia among pregnant women
attending a traditional birth home in Benin City, Nigeria. Oman Medical Journal (2012). 27(3): 232-236
The objectice of this study was to determine the prevalence of malaria and anemia among pregnant
women attending a traditional birth center as well as the effect of herbal remedies, gravidity, age,
educational background and malaria prevention methods on their prevalence. Oladokun, A., R. Oladokun, et al. Knowledge and utilization of malaria control measures by pregnant
and newly delivered mothers in Ibadan, Nigeria. Afr Health Sci (2011). 11(4): 573-577
The World Health Organisation (WHO) guidelines for the control of malaria during pregnancy include
prompt and effective case management of malaria combined with prevention of infection by insecticide-
treated nets (ITNs) and intermittent preventive treatment in pregnancy (IPTp). Despite this the uptake is
poor. This study aims to describe the malaria prevention measures utilized by these women in this
environment. Olagbuji, B. N., M. C. Ezeanochie, et al. Stillbirth in cases of severe acute maternal morbidity.
International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics (2012). 119(1): 53-56
OBJECTIVE: To determine the incidence and correlates of stillbirths among women with severe acute
maternal morbidity (SAMM).
METHODS: In an observational study of 728 women who had SAMM between January 2007 and
December 2010 at a referral tertiary health facility in Benin, Nigeria, the incidence of stillbirth, and the
clinical and demographic correlates of stillbirth were evaluated.
on child mortality, life expectancy and inequality in age at death. PLoS ONE (2012). 7(8): e41521
The fourth Millennium Development Goal calls for a two-thirds reduction in under-5 mortality between
1990 and 2015. Under-5 mortality rate is declining, but many countries are still far from achieving the
goal. Effective child health interventions that could reduce child mortality exist, but national decision-
makers lack contextual information for priority setting in their respective resource-constrained settings.
We estimate the potential health impact of increasing coverage of 14 selected health interventions on
child mortality in Ethiopia (2011–2015). We also explore the impact on life expectancy and inequality in
the age of death (Ginihealth). Onoka, C. A., O. E. Onwujekwe, et al. Sub-optimal delivery of intermittent preventive treatment for
malaria in pregnancy in Nigeria: influence of provider factors. Malaria Journal (2012). 11(137)
The level of access to intermittent preventive treatment for malaria in pregnancy (IPTp) in Nigeria is still
low despite relatively high antenatal care coverage in the study area. This paper presents information on
provider factors that affect the delivery of IPTp in Nigeria.

This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License
(
which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work
is properly cited.

Onwujekwe, O., K. Hanson, et al. Examining inequities in incidence of catastrophic health expenditures
on different healthcare services and health facilities in Nigeria. PLoS ONE (2012). 7(7): e40811
There is limited evidence about levels of socio-economic and other differences in catastrophic health
spending in Nigeria and in many sub-Saharan African countries. The study estimated the level of
catastrophic healthcare expenditures for different healthcare services and facilities and their
distribution across socioeconomic status (SES) groups. Otto, K. Do m-Health tools really work? Testing the impact of mobile technology on maternal and child