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VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, HANOI
INSTITUTE OF VIETNAMESE STUDIES AND DEVELOPMENT SCIENCES
PHAN THI HUONG GIANG

DRUM OCCUPATION IN RED RIVER DELTA
(CASE STUDY OF DOI TAM DRUM VILLAGE,
DOI SON COMMUNE, DUY TIEN DISTRICT,
HA NAM PROVINCE)

MASTER'S THESIS
Major: Vietnamese Studies
Code: 60.31.60
Supervisor: Associate prof. Dr. Le Sy Giao


1.3. History of drum craft village Error!
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Chapter 2: COMPONENTS OF A DOI TAM DRUM Error!
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2.1. Productional materials Error!
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3.2.1. Acur drum Error!
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3.2.2. “Ghi nang” drum Error!
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3.2.3. “Tang sanh” drum Error!
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3.2.4. “ Hagunsit” drum Error!
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3.2.5. Paranung drum Error!
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3.3. Modern Drum Error!
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3.3.1.Jazz Drum Error!
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3.3.2. “Seng” drum 64
3.3.3. Meca drum Error!
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Chapter 4: DRUM PRODUCTS IN DAILY LIFE OF DOI TAM Error!
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4.2. Effects of drum occupation on cultural life of Doi Tam village Error!
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4.3. Effects of drums occupation on social life Doi Tam village 78
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- Being located 60km far from the Capital and limited in
development of a craft village, the reputation of Doi Tam village has not
been known yet.
For the desire of discovering products of Doi Tam village from
formation, material, structure and classification, the writer wants to get
closer access to the life of a craft village in northern delta. Also, the writer
wants to go further to find out shortcomings and disadvantages of the
village and propose solution to make the village and its products more
complete and public
2. Scientific and practical meaning
* Scientific meaning: The thesis will contribute to enrich the
materials sources on the village. The drum product of the village will be
systematically presented from formation conditions and factors, type of
drums to its meaning to people’s lives in the Doi Tam village.
* Practical meaning: Studying the products of Doi Tam village, the
writer also has closer approach to the village life in all aspects of economy,
society and culture, to see not only the achievements but also shortcomings
and short-term limitation of the village
3. Purpose of the study

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- Purpose: Find out drum products of Doi Tam village from tradition
to modern type and have holistic view of Doi Tam drum craft village in
term of economy, culture and society, etc.
4. Objects and scope of the study
- Objects of the study: studied objects of the thesis are drum products
of Doi Tam Craft village – a typical drum making village in Red River
delta.
- Scope of the study: Thesis on traditional and modern products of
Doi Tam village (Doi Son commune, Duy Tien district, Ha Nam

of villages. Doi Son is located in the South East of Duy Tien district.
Doi is a sacred mountain; name in Han script is “Long Doi Son”
(Dragon mountain). At the foot of the mountain there is a well deep into
the mountain like dragon’s mouth. There are 9 natural wells near Doi
River. According to ancient notions, this is the land of the king, thus there
are a lot of brick Han tombs.
1.2. Drum founder
Drum career has existed for very long time, no one remembers. They
only know that Mr.Nguyen Quy Cong or Phuc Nang in Han script is now
being worshiped as the founder and founder’s grave is built as imperial
tomb in the eastern side of Doi Mountain. On anniversary of the founder’s
death – January 07th each year is the actual evidence proving the living of
drum career in the lives of local people.
1.3. History of drum craft village

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Before the Queen mother Y Lan and the king Ly Nhan Tong came
Doi Son to build Long Doi Son pagoda (1118), Doi Tam drum village had
been over 200 years old.
During feudal time, the drum career of the village was
undeveloped. Drums were used only for festival or emergency of the
village such as patrolling, dyke maintenance, etc.
In subsidy period, drum craft of the village developed at wider
scale but still fragmented
Innovation time brought back many changes to Doi Tam drum
making village. People got interested in their spiritual lives, pagodas and
temples were built everywhere leading to the demand for drums. And in
November, 2007, the village was granted with the credit of “Typical Craft
Village of Vietnam” by Vietnam Association of Craft Villages.
Conclusion 1

crispy, the cost is high. For buffalo skins for drums, as selected taboos
fat buffalo skin because the skin-fat, no guest drum noises and can not be
dried, when wet weather rot prone skin, reducing the durability of
the drum.
When purchasing leather, choosing the more wrinkled skin, sparsehair
is silver and old buffal. After the purchasing of buffalo skin, the workers
have planed, shaved, took the kidney out, but would have to know to reach
for good drumming. Next, they stretch the skin to sun exposure on the iron
frame About two days. After sun exposure, if not used immediately, they must

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maintain good standing buffalo skin because if experience wet conditions,
skin prone to mold, broken. When tight skin, the worker have to know the
right way up place, dinner of the skin, the sound of the drum will circular.
2.1.3. Other materials
- Song Trees: used to do the belt of the drum
-Bamboo: Bamboo is split into stagnation. The stagnation will played
on the drum skin.
- Paint: Past, Doi Tam artisans used Vietnam paint to paint the drum,
now they use western paint. Drums are often painted red, with space given
that the black paint, children's drums, they may more colors: blue, white…
2.2. Productional tools
2.2.1.Sawing tools
Previously, craft workers use a hand saw to cut wood, sawn drum chips.
The vertical saws are long saws, “melon seeds” saws. Recently, workers
have used a chainsaw, it's sawmills into long slabs, cutting machine crushed.
2.2.2.Planing tools
Tools to ensure that, in a stand cell (Cell body length of about 30cm,
width of about 28cm) chips used totrim edges drum) horizontal cells (made
from a piece of wood about 25cm long, hovering on the edge of a curve)

types: interest, four soldiers, the military.
+ Split chips
Drum chips sawn angles and curves. Each particle of about 1-1.5
cm thick. After cutting is completed, the workers must check all just cut
chipsfinished, see the curvature is appropriate. First, use a knife all the fine rough,

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jagged edges on both sides of shavings, chips to the edges flat and smooth.
Thickness, thin shavings of space depends on size of fruit boxes do.
Drum to the particle size to cut thicker.
+ Pairing chips
Get a pair of two chips together, so that the backs of two miles insize
fit the curvature of the press. From the first pair with the second
chips to finish, the second chip with third chip. And so, in turn trans
plant until the chips to do, so that the finalparticle pair had just "fit" with
the first chip. After checking the curvature as well as the joints between
the chip,could be used in. The next stage is to do "advance belt".
Splitting the bamboo into yarn, wrap therope way. The length of the belt
by peripheral drum so that "hug" fit the drum. Temporary wrap belt was done,
in which chips up drum. Sort Order: chip 1, chip 2, 3, 4, 5
Assembled into finished shaped drums to the stage of "cool". Use a
knife to chip, cut and trim the rough part of the mouth or warping drum.
Take the "wedge" wood strapping down. Cells Continue to get the "meniscus
and the "grinding" tomuseums, for the closed circuit chips together and
create therounded, smooth to the drum.
2.3.3. Drumhead stretching
- Make skin face of the drum:
The first step is cutting the drum skin. When cut to the skin
to tear the ship except for review. If small spaceship review section for 3
to 4 cm wide, about 8cm drum to have to. With all kinds of drum cells must

drum belt. In addition to tree song, Doi Tam workers also use bamboo to

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make belts. The effects of land outside the aesthetic elements also help seal
theempty vessel, positioning the drum, creating the link between the drum
chips together, not leaking. Now, people began to drum aluminum belt, the
same way. However, aluminum belt fragile fracture, difficulty bending over,
not good form with the title song (clouds) but has the advantage of durability
and convenience.
2.3.4. Drum painting and maintaining
- Paint the drum: . First, using paint mixed with saw dust, stone
powder that strokes along the drum vessels. Then take the clay was filtered
impurities, strokes on the circuit between the shavings drum. Wait
for the paint to dry, use cloth bucket "bundle" again. "Bundle" as many
layers as possible (cloth wrapped around the drum). After baits, assembly
workers take fight for fine paper again and start painting the drum.
Paint is done, about 6-7 hours for them to dry paint and began
painting motifs. Want to look better drum, more color, as "hom" complete re-
coated with a layer of lacquer on the outside. Then draw the figure on the
drum such as the dragons, phoenixes, Yin and Yang and the decorative
patterns: pattern rosette, cross, sine
Recently, workers use western paints to paint the drum, so the steps
are simple, fast. Storage the drum: The drum is placed in a dry, airy.
Sometimes it brings out the sun for the drum skin tension. When the drum
is white mold due to the long, low use, you can use a dry rag to clean
dirt off mats, then brought the sun. To hook up blank, slightly moist soil to
prevent as well as the prevention of type mice, bugs out drum (because the
mouse like buffalo skin very much , so the drum or rodents).
Conclusion 2:


diameter of 2.01m; body has played drums with bamboo nails1999; assembled
drum 34 pieces of blank chips. Recently, the workers also made Doi Tam drum
thunder largest water for the 1,000 th anniversary of Thang Long - Hanoi. The
drum has a diameter of 2.35 m, height 3.1 meters, weighs 1300kg.
3.1.2. Large drum
The drum used in the case of drums summoned the villagers, the
war drums, feshivan drum, meeting space, in the scene, churches drum, schools
drum, command drum, water drums, cheo drum, the drum that report
with the robbery, the broken dike, fire. The bass drum, echo, fit, hit slow
sound vibrations poise, type faster then heated jubilantly. Drum has three types
of statistics: Statistics onplane crashes on the price or force on a blow for
two people carryingbamboo. Drum for a user. They beat drums with wooden
awlsrounded at both ends.
3.1.3. “De” (base) drum
The drum with double-sided drum circle diameter equal about 15 cm,
usually appeared in cheo and ca tru. About 18cm high drum, raw jackfruit
wood floors song called, but when approved by the jackfruit wood scraps,
painted outside, often appear in opera and song categories. In the opera
theater, opera, the sound of this drum clearly the attitude of the fight.
3.1.4. “Khau” (mouth) drum
Khau drum, the diameter of about 18-20cm, a height of about 6cm,
participating in the drum woods, along with the drums, cymbals, drum, used
in controlling go fast or slowly, balancing with the rhythmic signal is
specified, a case reviewby the tune, commander of the dances. Drum password

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is used in funerals. The tunes, can sound, rhyth miccrowd the vacant
post is more of an aerobic.
3.1.5.“Bong” drum
Bong drum is used in the ensemble with drum, cymbals and students

50cm, height 60cm, the four remaining open surface with a diameter of
about 25cm and a height of about 30cm.
3.1.9. Paper tambourine
This is dum of the children in the moutain and the delta. This drum
is the same as khau drum but smaller and with grip, especially with
two terracotta
member attached to both ends of two wires, two wires force to the
drum.
3.2. . Drum of the ethnic group
Doi Tam workers go to the other places as well as learning new
techniques and create new drum product characteristics of each region,
ethnic group.That is:
3.2.1. Acur drum
This drum in Ta oi. A log drum is perforated hollow inside about 50 cm
high, two-sideddrum with a diameter of about 27 cm is cǎng cow leather.
3.2.2. “Ghi nang” drum
This drum in Cham ethnic groups in Ninh Thuan and Binh Thuan.
Remember capacity cylindrical shape, slightly swollen in the middle,
instant drum, made from a piece of iron wood or even wood coffee height
of 75-80 cm and a diameter of 26-28 cm. The drum has two aspects, the large

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trap buffalo leather, slightly smaller surfacecovered by goatskin or leather
roebucks.
3.2.3. “Tang sanh” drum
In San Chay ethnic. Drum made of clay about 50 cm high at the waist.
Two leather trǎndrum, big face about 20cm in diameter, the smaller diameter
10 cm, connected by leather straps. When used, the drum is placed
horizontally, the right hand using bamboo to come with me stock are
stick type soft, rhythmichand clapping in rhythm. The soundof drum casting clay,

This drum is a unique percussion instrument in the musical repertoire
of the southern ethnic Khmer. Along with the drum as the drum type puncher,
racks, drum strap, carrying drum attack is designed to suit each type
of drum. Stifle is made of teak wood or wood glue, the workers use lathes
rounded at both ends awl, tapering in the middle, the side hand lesare also tapered
awl to fit the users hand. Drum hangers or wooden timber for glue. Price has
two types of leg or rack price. Schools are often drum hanger, may be two-
sided drum beat. Drums in the festival is often used to stand prices, price fitted
with four wheels beneath, above the drum. Carrying empty timber blow is square
orround, the top hit the dragon, also painted red, are used to carry
thedrum in the team dragon dance, lion dance
Doi Tam village is also famous for drum team is composed
of 60 members (including 48 women). The thunder drum, nomarl drum, small
drum are held by women. Early days of the village, the drum of women
Doi Tam drum teamjubilantly, echoing at blizzard combat drum, bass scholarship
at, fun exciting time. Doi Tam drum when female team to perform in other

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places, costumes usually have two sets, one set of traditional and modern
as an actor. Want to be recruited into the village drum team is Doi Tam
village girl who married the daughter of the village or the village
of Doi Tam. Daughter of the village is not married is not selected on the
drum team, lest later she married the other village drum team will lose and
lose the job All the festivals from provincial to district and conference veterans,
women, youth, In the province Doi Tam drum invited to perform the
opening.

Conclusion 3
Thus, the products of the village of Doi Tam drum hugely diverse,
rich with all the sizes, different shapes. The traditional drum is not

In the trend of market development increasingly village has 17
manufacturing facilities and 15 drum buff processing facilities, professional
supply raw materials for production of more than 400 households that make
drum. Besides the traditional products, many artisans and skilled workers in the
village also explore, study manipulated the drum product stylized simulation
Dong Son bronze drum, drum unplug (drum string without using nail scissors,
when they will draw a string) or as home appliances: bath medicine, pedicure
are made of wood revenue from craft villages are emptied on average 15
to 17 billion / year, a relatively large contribution to the local budget. In
addition to production workers locally, Doi Tam longer sending workers to
go all the way to the country's production and business space. The production
facilities of Doi Tam drum are present in almost all provinces in the country.

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4.2. Effects of drum occupation on cultural life of Doi Tam
village
Products in the village of Doi Tam drum not only serve the cultural
life of the local but also contribute to enriching the cultural life of the spirit
of the country. At any festival, temples and pagodas has drum. In thegreat
festival of the nation,the important events of the country, the drums always
appeared. On holidays, anniversary craft, holidays Thanh Minh, Long Doi Son
Pagoda Festival, the workers everywhere returned to family reunion. These days,
Doi Tam drum team came again, mixed in lively and cheerful atmosphere
in the whole region.Doi Tam drum of the profession is preserved and kept
in the living museum - these are the artists. All these techniques only
emptied the village passed to his son, first to the daughter. Daughter
and son in law is not transmitted for fear of job offers else where.The
barber did the drums sound thrilled to bring, to make life fun when the
person lies down, the drums will take off their souls. Not only that funeral
in Doi Tam village in which any one of the Kinh in Vietnam and the

During development, Doi Tam drum trade village exist many problems.
One of the biggest weaknesses of the village is the information and skills market;
lack of alignment and cooperation between artists, producers, managers,
people who search the market; competitiveness and economic integration
in the village are limited, the policy lacks clarity and attention of the State;
status of production "up everyone as" unfair competition in the village;
limited degree, the capacity of employee training; negative impacton the