H2SO4, t0
t0
t0
Ni,t0
!"#"$%&'(# ) !)&*# + , /*
0*# + , 1( 2+
!"
#
#
$
##!
#
$
"
#
34"56+ 7&8#9':#9
; ,<=>?")"
%&'()*+,(
-().
$
@A
B6;<=>?@?*ABC
#
:
,
$D ED D C#D
B60;<=>?@?*ABC
E
F
,
D #D ED C$D
B63;<=>=G*ABC
#
:
,
D #D ED C$D
B6;;<=>=G*ABC
E
E
!D
#
#
DC
$
D
B6FM)OB)PH1
#
#
D-Q.O,
D?,?D '?,011D '?,?D C01,?D
B6G-?@?RBC
E
F
'S
;
E
,1T"P=LM@U'VPGO*WD-XOY=ZP
*
$
D C
#
*
#
D
B6R@??,_1'B,
#
#
D
$
D 8
D C
#
D
B60`P?@?
#
$
*A'^,LM*X=/P/a@U'P=LM,
D
#
8
D
8
#
DC
#
D
B6DR@?*,?B,
#
#
D
#
8
D
8
#
DC
#
D
B6E`P?@?
#
8
#
D
#
*
#
D
#
*
8D C
$
*
#
D
B6G%=<11'^?@?1=Gd@<'1,@02]@<'1,=TD-Q.?@?,
!01,?D '?,?D ?,?D C'?,_1'D
B6H)VPGO9*O=ZPc<,LMC2]:e=*DO9cf*A
#
DO
*A =P"LcBDB)PH1O9O,K,LM,
#
!
#
!!
D C
E
#
D
B60k^?@?BC,
E
:
cPl01'B0LbP=LM?=?DB)PH1P
.?@?=,
!
#
"8
D !8!
#
D
#
!8
D C
8!!
#
*,?01,D C
97
#$
*,?01,D
B60E%0'P=LM@U',
9$
#9
*?1,D
97
#$
*,?01,D
9$
#9
*,?01,D C
97
#$
*,?01,D
B60F%01,?P=LM@U',
9$
#9
*?1,D
#$
*,?01,D
B60H`P9'?*A9#F'?1,
;
E
=S,'"=[c=HA0H2]P
=LM99'?@?D&P@P)?@?, 189n89n89:"D
$eo :$o $$o C7$o
B63I1:''^?@?21,1=G*1,1=G*X[*A9ee',/P/a
9kD-Q.?@?=,
?,?D 01,_1'D'?,?D C'?,_1'D
B63`Y0P,LM\/1019E''^'pP)231K9$',/P/a%e9kDq@<'pP)
2310Q, 189n89:n%8#r"
EF :e $$ C7
B630O111'gM>'?@?
$
*
#
#
2]/P/a9k =P"D
-Y(/P/a<YPK/J,
Eee',D #ee',D 9$e',D Cee',D
B633O11197E')231K*X=ee:'1,DBH/P/a@PP=LMc<
,LM,
9::F'D 9F#F'D 9FE'D C97Fe'D
B63;OFF'?,?2]ee',/P/aekD;Pc011BH/P/a
DBC?@?,
E
F
E
E
F
E
C
#
:
B63G-Pl1199EE'?@?1=G'HIO*A9ee',/P/a9#k *X="P=LM$rF
''^1,WD-Q.O,
R,_1' R,? R,011 C01,?
B63H-Pl?@?O--
E
?*1,01,D C011*1,'?,D
B6;`Y0P19E''^)231K9$',/P/a%9kDq@<)231=,
: $ 7 CF
B6;0Y.Q?@?
97
##
"
#
#
$
,
01,? 0@?0 0' C@?0
t0
H2SO4(đặc), t0
H+ hoặc enzim
H+ hoặc enzim
Enzim
30-350C
B6;3`P)231K*X=Eec/P/a9$o@C011D%<,LM c",?01,P
=LM,
9#F E: :r7$ Cr
B6;;O111#7e'gM?@?,
$
*
#
$
D
$
#
D C
#
7
D
B6;EO11197:'gM?@?,?,?*'?,011
2],LM*X=* ',"/P/a
e$kDt0a*=T/J,
ee',D $ee',D Eee',D C:ee',D
B6;F-01C?@? O"1=G'HIK1['#:#:oc<,LMD;<=>)PH1O,
ED D #D C$D
0
JKJAL?MJ
NO#9 !"P# "Q#&+,6O>) B#R&*# + , /*
0*# + , 1( 2+
"'=? ,P1mG*_0P1mG"
56
"
#
6
#
#
=S"5
:
7
"
#
6
#
";01m12^*?,P,1m1b?m'(M
:
99
$
w!
:
:
9
:
-2^1S?,P,1m1
,P1m1
/",Q'?0LMP
:
9
:
$
3S#9':#9&T"56+ 7&U#V6,W+ XYP+ 6Z[# 1(\N6+>]>9/6+>]>^
@A
B6-01C21=0,PB
'D '?1D '1,D C'=?D
B60)P^,1H=@0,
*
#
D
#
*
#
D
#
"*
#
D C
#
*
8
D
B6F)'0LG,
?,P,1mGD 2^D _0P1mGD C@01mGD
B6G)_ `#9*Au
#
01/P/a#=PH1u,
#
/L"dc<,LMu<=P=LM,
9:'D 9eF'D 9:'D C#E'D
B6;1$e',/P/a,P1mGL0y>=^/N*A'^,LM/Lu
#
01/P/a
#
P
=LM9:'2Hc[D>=^'1, 1S'1,z,"/P/a,P1mG=T/J, 1u89eF"
eek ee9k eek Ce9ek
B6D{LM,P1mGK/J=YH109F'@121,*A&P@P)Feo,
$'D 9Fe'D 9F'D C9EE'D
B6E`P?,P,1mG01/P/a*BGP=LM@U',
@01mGD ,P1mGD _0P1mGD C'1mGD
B6F1@G=>PY@P-2^iOiWi?DO*W,K,LM,
1,?,=??D ,P1mG1,?,D
,P1mG?,?D C,P1mG=??D
B6G-2^?,P,1mG@01mG'1mG=ZPcf'
1P "
D 0JLD 0LGD CD
B6Hk^)c01'B0Lb=P_ `#9H10,P1mGD)=,
01D @01mGD 2^D C?,P,1mGD
B60I1/T),P1mG?,P,1mG@01mG2^_0P1mGD;<)01/T'0LG,
#D ED D C$D
B60-#E'2^*A&P@P),7$oc<,LM,P1mGP=LM,
$e'D #ee'D #:e'D C7e'D
B600-X9:e)?,P,1mGLb@P)=LM')?,P,1mG00 2[&P@P)(?1?,P,1mG,
reo"Dt0a',
:7#D ##eeD $E:D Cr7eD
9eeee Feee reee C7eee
B60G-02H11'',P1mGP=LMF:E'uD[P,Q'?11'',P1mG0>1c(
P
=LM)N*1LA*B01/Ld,LMc[P=LM,
:eD eD EeD CFeD
B60H-01)@P?,?01,,P1mG1,?,?,P,1mGD;<)=LMP "
I&=^Lb
,
# $ 9 CE
B63I{Q'?E9E',P1mG*A&P@P)Feo,LMc(P=LM1)N11*1/P/aLA*B01/L
d,LMc[P=LM,
9FE F7$ #:F C#D
B631'',P1mG,Q'?1,?,D%(@01*1PA*B01/LP=LM9e'c[2[&P
@P)|P0d,Q'?=H:eoDt0a',
$'D 99$'D 9e'D C9Fe'D
B6301/P/a@P@01mG,P1mG=??,?01,1,?,?,?_0P1mGD;<,LM/P/a
Y'0LG,
#D ED $D CD
B633%@01mGdP=LM
1,?,D ,P1mG*_0P1mGD ,P1mGD C_0P1mGD
B63;B1@P=,?,P,1mG}
5
:
7
"
#
6
D
B63DxT)1@P==ZPPl01'B0Lb}
-2^?,P,1mG,P1mGD -2^?,P,1mG_0P1mGD
-2^?,P,1mG@01mGD C-2^@01mG_0P1mG