LESSON 1 : TENSES ( Các thì )
1. SIMPLE PRESENT: (HTĐ)
Affir : S+V
1
/V
s, es
Ex : Water boils at 100
o
c.
Neg: S+ do/ does + not+ V
1
Ex : Tom doesn’t feel hungry.
Inter: Do/ does+ S + V
1
…?
Ex : How often do you go to school?
*(Be):am, is, are not ; (have):has/ have not +got = do / does + not + have
Diễn tả :  Tình cảm, cảm giác, nhận thức ở hđộng.
 Thói quen, phong tục, tập quán.
 Chân lí, sự thật hiển nhiên.
Với : EVERY (day, year…), ALWAYS, OFTEN, USUALLY, SOMETIME, SELDOM, RARELY, NEVER,
EVER, ONCE / TWICE / THREE TIMES + ( a day/ week/ month…), all the time, now and then . .

Notes : Qui tắc thêm es đối với động từ có S số ít :
- Các động từ tận cùng là : o, sh, ch, x, s, và z .
- Các động từ tận cùng là y mà đứng trước y là một phụ âm ta đổi y

i + es
( She studies, Tom tries, He plays . . .).
2. PRESENT CONTINUOUS ( HTTD)
S + am/ is/ are + V

3
ed
? Ex: How long have you studied English?
1
Với: BEFORE, ALREADY, RECENTLY= LATELY, EVER, NEVER, YET , JUST, TWICE, SEVERAL
TIMES, SINCE + mốc TG, FOR + khoảng TG, UP TO NOW=UP TILL NOW=SO FAR…
4. PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS: (HTHTTD)
S + has/ have + been + V
ing
. Ex: We have been studying English for many years.
S + has/ have + not + been + V
ing
.
Has/ Have + S + been + V
ing
?
Diễn tả: - Hđộng bắt đầu trong Qkhứ, tiếp tục ở Htại & có thể đến Tlai
( nhấn mạnh tính liên tục) - since + mốc TG ; for + khoảng TG.
5. SIMPLE PAST (QKĐ)
S + V
2
ed
Ex: I saw him yesterday.
S + did + not + V
1
Ex: She didn’t come last week.
Did + S + V
1
? Ex: Did Mr. Lee phone an hour ago?


; sau: S + V
2
)
8. SIMPLE FUTURE (TLĐ)
S + will / shall + V
1
Ex: I’ll buy it tomorrow.
S + will / shall + not + V
1
Will / Shall + S + V
1
?
*Note: will not =won’t ; shall not =shan’t.
Diễn tả:  Hđ sẽ xảy ra trong tlai.
 Lời yêu cầu (Will you + V
1
…? ); Đề nghò ( Shall I / we + V
1
…?)
Với: TOMORROW, SOON, NEXT (week, month,…)
2
9. FUTURE PERFECT (TLHT)
S + will / shall + have + V
3
ed
.
Ex: We’ll have already finished the work by the time you get back tomorrow.
Diễn tả:  Hđộng sẽ hoàn tất trong tlai.
* Notes:
1) Near future: (Tlai gần) S + am/ is / are + going to + V

April (May, August…)
the morning (afternoon, evening…)
time: kòp lúc
an hour - Ex : I will arrive in an hour.
3
2. ON : holiday
weekend
Monday
15, October
October 15
th
1977
Monday morning
Christmas day
time : đúng lúc
fire : đang cháy
3. AT: 7 o’clock
night
midnight
noon
(the) weekend
Christmas
the end of
the moment
4. SINCE (+ mốc TG): kể từ … Ex: He has studied English since 1900.
5. FOR (+ 1 khoảng TG) : được… Ex: _________________ for 17 years
6. FROM: từ
7. TO : đến Ex: I lived in village from 1977 to 1992.
III. Some Other Prep. :
1. By : bằng ,bởi. Ex: They can enrich the soil by using fertilizers.

10.make a fuss over/ about
: cuống quýt về việc gì
11. make room for : dọn chỗ cho
12. make use of : sử dụng
13. pay attention to : chú ý đến
14. put a stop to : làm dừng lại
15. put an end to : chấm dứt
16. set fire to : châm lửa, đốt
17. take account of : chú ý đến
18. take advantage of : lợi dụng
19. take care of : chăm sóc
20. take note of : chú ý đến
21. take notice of : chú ý tới

D. GO + PREPOSITION:
1. after: đuổi theo 7. down: giảm giá ≠ up: tăng giá
2. ahead: được tiến hành 8. on: tiếp tục
3. along: tiến triển 9. off: nổ
4. away: ra đi, rời khỏi nơi nào 10. out: tắt
5. back: trở về 11. over: xem xét kỹ
6. by: trôi qua( thời gian)
E. CÁC TRƯỜNG HP KHÁC
1. belong to : thuộc về
2. on the contrary : ngược lại
3. on the whole : nói chung
4. be up to = depend on : tuỳ thuộc vào
5. listen to : lắng nghe
6. suffer from : bò, chòu
7. free from : giải phóng khỏi
8. write …to : viết … cho…

- a, an ,the
- this, that, these, those
- some, any, many, … + n
- my, your, Tom’s, …

II. Adjective (adj.):
1) adj + n
2) adv + adj
3) be (thì, là ), look có vẻ), feel, become, taste (có mùi), smell ( có vò), get, grow,remain,
stay, turn, seem, appear, sound, … + adj
Ex: That young girl is very beautiful .
III. Adverb (adv):
1) S + V
i
+ adv Ex: They arrived safely.
2) S + V
t
+ O + adv Ex: She did the housework disappointedly.
3) S + V
aux
+ adv + V
main
Ex: He can surely do it
4) adv + adj Ex: He is reasonably right.
5) adv + adv Ex: Jack runs very quickly.
6) S + V + adv Ex: We have bought it at that store recently.
( or: adv + S + V + …. ) (or: Recently we have bought it at that store.)
IV. Verb (v) : V đứng sau S.
Các hình thức ≠ của V còn được dùng ở nhiều vò trí khác.
Participle: Present participle ( V

- age : drainage
-0 : safeguard
II. n + suffix  adj :
- ful : harmful, useful, delightful, successful,hopeful, helpful, peaceful
- less : childless, odourless, speechless, restless, careless, harmless, treeless
- ly : manly, brotherly, worldly, hourly, yearly, daily.
n + - like : childlike, godlike, lifelike, statesmanlike = adj
- y : dusty, snowy, rainy, sandy, dirty, healthy.
- ish : foolish, selfish, childish
- al : magical, agricultural, industrial, natural.
III. OUT + Vi

 V
t

(tốt hơn, nhanh hơn, lâu hơn) :
outnumber, outgrow, outlive, outrun, outweigh
IV. UNDER + n / V  n / V( thấp hơn, bên dưới, kém hơn) :
undergrowth, undercharge
V. OVER + n/ Adj /V  n/ Adj / V ( quá giới hạn, vượt, quá nhiều)
overcoat, overanxious, overact.
C. WORD FORM CHARTS:
1. satisfy (v)
satisfied( past. Part)
satisfying (pres. part)
satisfactory (adj)
satisfactorily (adv)
satisfaction (n)
2. disappoint(v)
disappointed(past. Part)

preferentially(adv)
preference(n)
12. attract(v)
attracted(past. Part)
attractive(adj)
attractively(adv)
attraction(n)
13. reason(v)
reasonable(adj)
reasonably(adv)
reason(n)
14. absorb(v)
absorbed(past. Part)
absorbent(adj) / (n)
absorptive(adj)
absorption(n)
15. deafen(v)
deaf(adj) / (n)
deafness(n)
16. militarize(v)
militaristic(adj)
military(adj) / (n)
militarily(adv)
militarism(n)
LESSON 4 : ADVERBIAL CLAUSES OF TIME
( Mệnh Đề Trạng Từ Chỉ Thời Gian)
I. PRESENT TENSES IN THE MAIN CLAUSE:
Ex: 1/ a. We always take our umbrellas when it rains.
b. We are singing as she comes.
2/ a. I usually read a newspaper while I am waiting for the bus.

AFTER
S + HAS / HAVE + V
3
ed
4. S + HAS / HAVE + V
3
ed
SINCE
S + V
2
ed
→ ĐÃ CHẤM DỨT
S + HAS / HAVE + V
3
ed
→ Vẫn còn
5. S + V
1 / s / es
AS SOON AS
UNTILL = TILL
S + V
1 / s / es
S + HAS / HAVE + V
3
ed
→ Hoàn tất
II. PAST TENSES IN THE MAIN CLAUSE:
EX: 1/ a. I sat near the window whenever I took a bus.
b. It was raining hard when I got there.
2/ a. I met him while I was walking down the street.

4. S + HAD + V
3
ED
BY THE TIME
BEFORE
S + V
2
5. S + V
2
AS SOON AS
UNTILL = TILL
S + V
2
S + HAD + V
3
ED
→Hoàn tất
II. FUTURE TENSES IN THE MAIN CLAUSE:
EX: 1/ a. We’ ll go when we want.
b. I’m goint to wait until you have finished your homework.
2/ We will have finished the work by the time you get back tomorrow.
Note: Không dùng thì Tlai trong Mđề Trạng từ chỉ TG→ Dùng các thì Htại thay thế.
LESSON 5 : MAKING & ANSWERING QUESTIONS
( Dựng & Trả Lời Câu Hỏi)
Types Questions Answers
Yes - No Inter. form?
Yes, S
pron
.
+ V

1
WHEN =AS
AS SOON AS
UNTILL = TILL
S + V
1 / s / es
S + HAS / HAVE + V
3
ed
→Hoàn tất
2. S + WILL / SHALL + HAVE + V
3
ed

→Hoàn tất
BY THE TIME
BEFORE
S+ V
1 / s / es
 Nam can swim.
b/ How many students are absent today?
 Two students are absent today.
2. Tag Question:
Ex: The weather is nice , isn’t it ?  Yes, it is.
3. Commands:
V
1
…( Hãy…): List/ Mention/ Name/ Give… → They are / It is …
Ex: Name some English scientists.
 They / Some E. scientists are Newton, Faraday, …

+ V
ing
Was / were
Am/ is /are
+ being
Was / were
Has / have
+ V
3
ed
Had
Has / have
+ been
Had
Will (would)
Shall (should)
Can(could)
May (might)
Must + V
1
Be going to
Be able to
Have to
Ought to
Used to
Will (would)
Shall (should)
Can(could)
May (might)
Must + be

ed
+ by + O + (THAT) S + V
V

: SAY KNOW THINK
BELIEVE REPORT RUMOUR
TELL CLAIM PROVE
CONSIDER…
Ex : A : They say that they has been ill.
P : He is said to have been ill. (or : It is said that he has been ill.)
*CLEFT SENTENCES:
1.
S
1
+ V
A (PRESENT)
+ that + S
2
+ V
B (PRESENT)
 IT + IS + V
3 (A)
+ that + S
2
+ V
B (PRESENT)
 S
2
+ IS/ ARE + V
3 (A)

1
+ V
A( PRESENT)
+ that + S
2
+ V
B( PAST)
 IT + IS + V
3 (A)
+ that + S
2
+ V
B (PAST)
 S
2
+ IS/ ARE + V
3 (A)
+ to have +V
3 (B)
Ex:
- They say that three men were arrested after the murder
 It’s said that three men were arrested after the murder
 Three men are said to have been arrested after the murder
3.
S
1
+ V
A ( PAST)
+ that + S
2

will
S + shall + V
1
can
may
2. Present Unreal:
→ ĐK không thể xảy
ra ở HT&TL
V
2
ed
IF + S + did not + V
1

*BE: were
would
S+ should + V
1
could
might
3. Past Unreal:
→ ĐK không thể xảy
ra ở QK.
IF + S + had + V
3
ed

would
S+ should + have + V
3

were
had + V
3
ed

Ex: If you didn’t study hard, you’d get bad marks.
= Unless you studied hard, you’d get bad marks.
Note: Nếu câu với Mđề IF Kđònh, Mđề chính ở thể Pûđònh , ta có thể chuyển sang
UNLESS = cách đổi Mđề chính thành thể Kđònh.
Ex: If you are lazy, you can’t be successful
= Unless you are lazy, you can be successful.
B/ CÁCH VIẾT CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN TỪ TÌNH HUỐNG
T. HUỐNG CHO: 1.Có từ “OR” : viết đk loại 1
2. H.tại : loại 2
3.Q. kh : loại 3
4.Có từ “SO”: viết xuôi S + V SO S + V

 IF + S + V , S + V
5.Có từ “BECAUSE”: viết ngược
S + V because S +V

 IF + S + V , S + V
6. Phủ đònh viết khẳng đònh & ngược lại

Examples: 1. I am not clever, so I won’t be a doctor.
If I were clever, I would be a doctor.
2. John was sick because he ate much cake.
If John hadn’t eaten much cake, he’d not have been sick.
Trường hợp khác :
1.

: Tình huống Htại / Tlai , trái với khả năng
S + wish + (that) would / should + V
1
: Tình huống Tlai
+ S + V
2
/ were; didn’t+ V
1
/ weren’t : Tình huống Htại
If only hadn’t + V
3
: Tình huống Qkhứ
Ex: a) I wish I (can fly) could fly.
b) We wish it (be) would be sunny soon.
c) If only we (see) saw a UFO now.
d) He wishes he (meet) had met her yesterday.
 Sentence Transformation:
a.

Note:
- Thêm S ( nếu thiếu)
- Kđònh  Pđònh ( và ngược lại)
- Htại  Qkhứ;
- Qkhứ  Qkhứ hoàn thành
Ex: I’m sorry that I didn’t come yesterday.
 I wish ( that) I had come yesterday.
Ex: Mr. Taylor doesn’t like living in a small house.
 Mr. Taylor wishes he didn’t live in a small house.
b.
S+ be sorry

Vai trò:
1. S ( Ex: Learning English is easily.)
2. O - Sau prep. (Ex: We are interested in studying English.)
- Sau một số V (Ex: I enjoy swimming.)
3. C (Ex: Conservation is the safeguarding and the preservation of natural
resources.)
Notes: The + V
ing

+ of + n ( Ex: The reclaiming of land.)
B. GERUND OR INFINITIVE :
I. Các động từ được theo sau bằng động từ nguyên mẫu ( To+V
1
)
Theo qui luật thông thường, động từ nào đúng sau một động từ khác thì phải ở dạng
nguyên mẫu (TO +V
1
)
Ex: a) I would like to speak to Mr. Duran.
b) Mary asked John to help her.
c) My brother wants to become a pharmacist.
d) Every body is expecting her to come .
II. Các động từ & cụm từ được theo sau bằng V
ing
:
1. acknowledge
2. admit
3. appreciate
4. avoid
5. celebrate

36. resist
37. risk
38. suggest
39. support
40. tolerate
41. understand
42. be accustomed to = be used to
43. be busy
44. be worth
45. can’t help
46. can’t stand
47. get used to = become accustomed to
48. look forward to
49. it’s no good
50. it’s no use
III. Các động từ được theo sau bằng V
ing
/ To V
1
nhưng không dổi nghóa:
1. continue 5. begin
2. dread 6. hate
3. like 7. love
4. prefer 8. start
Ex: She started to learn English when she was 5 years old.
↔ She started learning English when she was 5 years old.
IV. Các động từ được theo sau bằng V
ing
/ To V
1


Ex: a) Feeling sleepy, the driver stopped to drink a coffee
b) That old man tried to stop smoking because of his bad cough.

4. NEED + To V
1
: cần phải làm ( ý chủ động).
V
ing
: cần phải được làm ( ý bò động).
Ex: a) Tom needs to work harder.
b) The grass in front of the house needs cutting.
V. Một số trường hợp khác:

1. ADVISE To V
1
Ex: The police allow us to go there
ALLOW +
PERMIT
RECOMMEND V
ing
Ex: The police allow going there.
2. FEEL
HEAR + V
o
/ V
ing
( đang) Ex: We saw David jog
SEE jogging in the park.
WATCH

S + V + SUCH + (a/ an) + adj + n + THAT + S + V…

( quá… đến nổi…)
S + be / V
ord
+ TOO + adj/adv + (for +O) + TO + V
1
(+ O)*
( quá nên không thể…)
* Bỏ ‘for O’ khi O này = S hoặc chỉ chung chung.
* Bỏ O của ‘to V’ khi O này = S
Ex: The tea is too hot for me to drink.
He drove too badly to pass the driving test.
4/
be +adj
S + ________ + enough + (for +O) + To V
1
( + O )
V
ord
+ adv
(đủ… để…)
Ex: The tea is not warm enough for me to drink.
He didn’t drive well enough to pass the driving test.
 Sentence Transformation:
a/
S(n) + be + SO + adj + THAT…
It /This /That
↔ + be + SUCH + (a/ an) +adj + n + THAT…
He/ She/ They

Antecedents
Subject Object Poss. Adv
Things Which Which Whose + n
(of which)
People Who Whom Whose + n
Place Where
Time When
Reason Why
Notes: *Where = prep + n
place
*When = prep + n
time
*Why = for + the reason
*‘THAT’ thay thế cho “WHO, WHOM, WHICH” trong mệnh đề có giới
hạn (không đứng sau dấu phẩy, prep).
*Dùng 1 hoặc 2 dấu phẩy tách mệnh đề quan hệ ra khỏi mệnh đề chính
khi tiền danh từ là:
- Danh từ riêng
- Danh từ được bổ nghóa = THIS, THAT, THESE, THOSE
- Danh từ được bổ nghóa = sở hữu (MY, YOUR, …,TOM’S HOUSE,…)
- Danh từ được bổ nghóa = 1 nhóm từ ( EX: The man from Hanoi,…)
Ex: They wanted to see my manager, who was away.
Relative Clauses:
Rel. Cl.
Ant.
Relative clause
Relative pronoun / adverb The other parts
Things + which / that + V ( + O)
+ S + V
People + who / that

1. Phát biểu: S + V (chia rồi) …
TOLD + O
S + (THAT) + S +V (lùi thì)
SAID
Ex
1
: They said to us, “These are snakes.”
↔ They told us (that) those were snakes.
Ex
2
: “I came at 8 o’clock,” he said.
↔ He said (that) he had come at 8 o’clock.
2. Câu hỏi:
a/ WH_ / How_ Questions: “WH + V + S… ?”
b/ YES _ NO Questions: “ V + S … ?”
Ex
1
: The stranger said, “ Where is Tra Vinh town school?”
↔ The stranger asked where Tra Vinh town school was.
Ex
2
: “ Did you see him?” she said to me.
↔ She asked me if / whether I had seen him.
3.Mệnh Lệnh &ø Yêu Cầu: To+V
1
… ( KĐ)

Not + To + V1 ( PĐ)

TOLD

3
He Him His His WE
She Her Her Hers YOU
It It Its its THEY
S + V + O, “ person 1…………………… person 2”
(chúng) tôi (các)bạn
3. Changes of Tenses:
Direct Speech Reported Speech
Notes:
1/ Khi từ ‘WH’ làm S hoặc bổ nghóa cho S

O đổi thể.
Ex: “Who has broken this vase?” said my father.
↔ My father asked who had broken that vase.
2/ Khi câu trực tiếp diễn tả 1 chân lí, sự thật hiển nhiên

O đổi thì.
Ex: Our teacher said, “The sun rises in the East.”
↔ Our teacher said that the sun rises in the east.
V
1
/ V
s/es
V
2
ed
am
is +V
ing
are

(Mệnh Đề Chỉ Mục Đích)
SO THAT can/could
S + V + _______________ + S + will/ would + V
1
IN ORDER THAT shall/ should
…để mà… may/ might
Ex: a) We study hard. We want to pass the exam.
↔ We study hard so that we can pass the exam.
b) I helped Nam. I wanted him to finish the work on time.
↔ I helped Nam in order that he could finish the work on time.
Notes: Phrase of Purpose
to
S + V + in order to + V
1
so as to
in order for + O +TO
… đ…
Ex: We study hard to pass the exam.
↔ I helped Nam in order for him to finish the work on time.
LESSON 14 : COMPARISONS
( So Sánh)
Types Models
1/ Equal Degree
(So sánh bằng)
AS + adj / adv + AS
(bằng, như)