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Vinhphuc education & training service
pham cong binh secondary school
English group
Teaching project
For
Gifted students
Created by truong quang khanh
September 2007
Part one
Phonetics
A. The aims:
- To introduce to the sts the phonetic symbols, the transcription of a
word, the sound of the word…
- To improve the sts’ phonetic, stress, and intonation.
- To help the sts do the phonetic exercises.
-
B. Teaching procedure:
1. The vowel sounds:
There are 20 vowels in the English language, 12 of them are pure vowels
(single vowels), and the left eights dipthongs (combination of two
vowels).
- The 12 pure vowels: / I - i: /, / e - æ/, / o - o:/, / Λ - a: /, / u-
u:/, / ә - з/.
- The 8 dipthongs: / ei - ai - oi /, / au - әu /, / iә - eә - uә /
Practical Exercises
Ex1: Classify /i:/ and /I/:
Evening, tin, easy, eat, it, jean, since, this, meat, teach, film,
interesting, tea, sea, seen, sit, seat, minute, fifty, cheese,
chinese, free, three, be, she, pleased…
Ex 2: Classify /a:/ and / Λ /:

h /.
2.2. Voiced consonants: / b /, / v /, / δ /, / d /, / z /, / Ʒ /, / dƷ/, / g /, /
l /, /m /, / n /, / ŋ /, / r /, / w /, / j /.
Practical Exercises
Ex 9: Classify / δ / and / θ /:
Think, thigh, though, thought, breath, breathe, bath, bathe, cloth,
clothe, clothing, clothes, threaten, although…
Ex 10: Classify / s / and / ∫ /:
She, see, sugar, seat, sound, show, sure, suit, sugary, sunny, soon,
saturn, shrink, scream, settle, surely…
Ex 11: Classify / k/ and / t∫ /:
Chess, chimney, choice, chaos, chemist, chest, chemical, chicken,
cheap, catch, chemistry, school, scholar…
Ex 12: Classify / s / and / z / :
See, seat, please, measure, mouse, pass, mass, bags, close, has,
sum, sick, tease, sues, rise, lays, eyes…
3. The consonant clusters:
3.1. / s / + / p, t, k, f, m, n, w, j /
Spy, stay, sky, smile, snow, sleep, swear, suit, speak,…
3.2. / p / + / l, r, j /:
Plough, play, proud, pray, pure, puritant,…
3.3. / t / + / r, w, j /:
Tree, try, twin, twice, tune, tunic,…
3.4. / k / + / l, r, w, j /:
Clerk, clay, crown, cry, quite, quick, cure, curious,…
3.5. / b / + / l, r ,j /:
Blind, blow, blown, brown, bring, brick, beauty, bureau,….
3.6. / g / + / l, r /:
Glass, glance, grass, grow,…
3.7. / d / + / r, w, j /:

bee
sealing
chews
coarse
dough
heir
choove
aisle
beach
cell
site
days
fair
isle
beech
sell
cite
daze
fare
I’ll
sight
eight
bean
cheep
cord
dear
feat
ate
been
cheap

Part two
stress
A. The aims:
- To help the sts know the way to mark stresses, and pronounce words
correctly.
- To emphasize the important of stresses.
- To show the rules to mark stresses.
- To provide the sts with exercises on stresses and intonation.
B.Teaching procedure:
I. Definition :
Stress is the degree of the loudness or prominence with which a sound
ort a word is pronounced.
II. Degree:
1. In phrases or sentences:
1.1. Primary stress: (/) The strongest and loudest stress of all.
1.2. Secondary stress: (Λ) The second loudest stress.
1.3. Tertiary stress: (\) weaker than secondary stress.
1.4. Weakstress: (٧) Zero stress, the weakest degree of loudness.
2. In words:
2.1 Primary stress: (/) The loudest one.
2.2 Secondary stress: (\) The weaker one.
III. The marking rules for word- stress:
1. For disyllables words:
1.1. Usually on the first syllables: mother, ready, colour, palace,
student, teacher,…
1.2. Usually on the root syllables with words having suffixes or
prefixes: become, react, foretell, unpleasant, disorder, peaceful,
kindness, scientist,…
(But: foresight, forecast, unkeep)
1.3. Usually on the sound of “ate”, “ize”, “ise”, “fy”: dictate, surprise,

sound, or end in more than one consonant : affect, obtain,…
IV. Rules for phrase-stress:
1. Compound nouns: (/ \) farm-house, fire-engine, cowboy, black-
bird,
But: (\ /): pass-by, sun-set, ice-cream, steak-dinner, glass-window,
silk-dress, nylon-stock, cotton-flower,…
2. Compound adjectives: ( \ /) light-blue, absent-minded, blue-eyed,
hard-working,…
But: (/ \) sun-burnt, sun-lit, sea-sick, sea-faring,…
3. Adjective-nouns: ( \ /) a sad song, a beautiful picture, a fresh egg,
an interesting lesson,
4. Present participle-noun: ( \ /) a travelling circus, a singing student,
an amusing story, a sleeping child,…
5. Gerund noun: – (/ \) a dancing teacher, an eating apple, a looking
glass, a stepping-stone, a magnifying glass, a washing
machine,…
6. Qualifier-adjective: (Λ /)very tired, rather old, pretty bad, quite
important, too weak,…
7. Verb- adverb: (Λ /) come here, speak clearly, try carefully, read
aloud, sit down, ….
8. Verb-adverbial particle: ( \ /) put on, look up, put off, come
through, take off, call on, hand over, go over,….
9. Verb-adverbial particle-noun: (\ Λ /) put on the coat, turn on the
light,…
10. Verb-noun-adverbial particle: (\ Λ /) put the coat on, turn the
light on,…
11. Verb-preposition: ( / Λ)look at, speak to, wait, for, look up,…
Part three
Vocabulary
A. The aims:

a bus buses a class classes
a dish dishes a wish wishes
a watch watches a torch torches
a potato potatoes a tomato tomatoes
a box boxes
3.3. Adding ies“ ” to the count-nouns that end in “y” with its
preceding consonants:
singular plural singular plural
a lorry lorries a lady ladies
a story stories
3.4. Adding ves“ ” to the count-nouns that end in “f, fe”:
singular plural singular plural
a wife wives a leaf leaves
a knife knives a loaf loaves
3.5. Irregular changes:
singular plural singular plural
a man men a woman women
a child children an ox oxen
a tooth teeth a goose geese
a louse lice a mouse mice
a medium media a
phenomenium
phenomenia
3.6. Collective noun: crew, family, group, team,…(either singular or
plural form, either singular or plural verb)
3.7. Always plural form-nouns:
clothes police breeches pants pyjamas
trousers scissors pliers (k×m) binoculars glasses
scales shears (kÐo c¾t cá) arms damages earnings
goods greens (vegetable) outskirts savings pains (trouble, effort

4.4.2. a relief: A relief to + V (That gave me a relief to continue my
study)
4.4.3. a knowledge: A good/ bad knowledge of + N (Pete has got a
good knowledge of history)
4.4.4. a dislike / dread / hatred / horror / love of + …(He had a
great love for funny stories)
4.4.5. a mercy / pity / shame / wonder + that…(It’s a pity that I
couldn’t come)
4.4.6. a fear/ fears; a hope/ hopes; a suspicion/ suspicions: We
have a suspicion / suspicions that no one will agree to help.
5. Compound nouns:
5.1. Noun-noun: Hanoi-capital; halldoor; hitch-hiker; kitchen-table;
traffic light; winter clothes; petrol tank;…
5.2. Noun-gerund: fruit-picking; weight-lifting; lorry-driving; bird-
watching; coal-mining; surf-riding;…
5.3. Gerund-noun: waiting-list; landing card; driving board; dining
room; driving licence; swimming pool;…
5.4. Free combination:
- shop window; church bell; picture frame; garden gate; college
library; gear level;…
- city street; corner shop; coutry lane; …
- summer holiday; spring flowers; Sunday paper; dawn chorus;
November fog; …
- steel door; stone wall; silk shirt;…
- coffee cup; golf club; chess board; football ground;…
- fish-farm; gold-mine; oil-rig; …
- football match; beauty contest; pop music;…
6. Suffixes:
6.1. er/ or/ ist/ ant/ ee/ : … teacher, visitor, terrorist, vegetarian,
applicant, employee,…

to the angry crowd)
- He turned pale (= He became pale)
- He turned angrily to the man behind (=He was angry with the
man behind)
- The soup tasted horrible (= The soup was not delicious itself)
- They tasted the soup suspiciously (= They thought there was
something wrong with the soup)
3. Comparison forms:
3.1. Positive degree: as + adjs + as
Eg: - She is as tall as my wife.
- Peter was as hard-working as I was (me).
3.2. Comparative degree:
3.2.1. Monosyllable-adjectives: adjs-ER + than
Eg: - Lan is shorter than Na
- She was better at English than we were (us)
3.2.2. Multisyllable-adjectives: more + adjs + than
Eg: - She was more hard-working than us.
- We are more intelligent than him.
3.3. Superlative degree:
3.3.1. Monosyllable-adjectives: the adjs-EST
Eg: - Nam is the best in our class.
- She was the kindest lady I ve ever met.’
3.3.2. Multisyllable-adjectives: the most + adjs
Eg: - Sharol was the most intelligent in my group.
- She is the most hard-working girl I ve ever known.’
Notes: For adjs ending in “er”, “y”, “ly”, or the irregular cases:
Adjective Comparative Superlative
clever Cleverer the cleverest
pretty Prettier the prettiest
happy Happier the happiest

4.3. It be + adjs + (of O) + infinitives:
a. Character: brave, careless, corwardly (nhót nh¸t),
cruel, generous, good, nice (=kind), mean, rude, selfish,
wicked, wrong,…
b. Sense: clever, foolish, idiotic (ngu), intelligent, sensible
(nh¹y bÐn), silly, stupid,…
4.4. Pronoun + be + adjs + noun + infinitives:
Using the above adjectives and: astonishing, curious, ridiculou
s(lè bÞch), unreasonable, funny(=strange), odd (lËp dÞ),
pointless, useful, useless,…
- That s the amazing idea to show.’
- It was an unreasonable result to accept.
4.5. It s + adjs + infinitives:’ advisable, inadvisable, better, best,
desirable, essential, good, important, necessary, unnecessary,
vital (tÊt yÕu),…
4.6. It be + adjs + (for O) + infinitves: convenient, dangerous,
difficult, easy, hard, possible, important, safe, unsafe,…
4.7. S + be + adjs + infinitives :
- Angry, delighted, dismayed, glad, happy, pleased, relieved,
sorry, sad,…( S + be + glad/ happy/ sorry/ sad + to say/ tell/
inform; Others adjs + to find/ learn/ hear/ see/…)
- Able, unable, apt, inclined, liable, prone, prepared, quick,
reluctant, slow, ready, willing, unwilling.
4.8. Special cases:
- Due: (time) >The race is due to start in 5 minutes.
- Due to: a result of >The accident was due to his carelessness.
- Owing to: because of >owing to his carelessness, we had an
accident.
- Certain/ sure + to V= opinion >He is sure to take legal action.
- Certain/ sure that + (clause) = opinion >I am certain that the price

5.4. like/ style/ type/ :… childlike, Romantype, Germanstyle,…
5.5. Nationality:
a. an: American, Venezuelan, German, Mxican, African,…
b. ese: Chinese, Vietnamese, Portugese, Sudanese, Lebanese,…
c. i: Pakistani, Iraqui, Israeli, Yemeni, Saudi,…
d. ian: Argentinian, Australian,Brazillian, Italian,…
e. ish: English, Polish, Turkish, danish, Finnish,…
f. others: Czech, French, dutch, Swiss, Greek, Thai,…
B. Verbs (v):
1. Definition: To denote action, state, and be the most important part of
sentences.
2. Classification:
1.1. Auxiliary verbs:
1.1.1. Primary auxiliary verbs: be/ have/ do (These verbs can either be
auxiliaries or lexical verbs)
1.1.2. Modal verbs: can/ could/ may/ might/ must/ have to + base form/
will/ would/ shall/ should/ be going to + base form/ used to + base
form/ ought to + base form/…(These are sometimes functional
verbs)
1.2. Lexical verbs:
1.2.1. Intensive verbs: verbs that show the state (She feels tired/ He is
selfish)
1.2.2. Extensive verbs: verbs that show the affection (He gets angry/
They arehelpful)
1.2.3. Intransitive verbs: verbs that can function as verb phrases and
make sentences meaningful without any complementation.
e.g. She cried (noisily).
It rains/ is raining (hard/ heavily/ cat and dog)
1.2.4. Transitive verbs: verbs that need complementation.
a. Monotransitive verbs: verbs that followed by one object

4.3. S + Vin/ extensive + Cs: e.g. He became famous/ They are nearly
exhausted.
4.4. S + Vintrans + A: e.g. He went abroad/ She arrives late.
4.5. S + Vditrans + O + O: e.g. She buys me presents/ That brings
my father success.
4.6. S + Vcomplex trans + O + C: e.g. The story made me bored/ You drive
me mad.
4.7. S + Vintrans + A + A: e.g. She went to school early/ He came
to the park in the early morning.
C. Adverbs (adv):
1. Kinds (Classification):
1.1. Adv of manner: bravely/ fastly/ happily/ quickly/ well/ hard/…
( She sings marvellously/ He worked very hard)
1.2. Adv of place: by/ down/ near/ here/ there/ up/…
(She comes there twice a week/ Here comes the
police)
1.3. Adv of time: now/ soon/ still/ then/ today/ yet/…
(We are going to Hanoi today/ He will return
soon)
1.4. Adv of frequency: always/ often/ sometimes/ never/ once/ twice/
…
(We never eat dog-meat/ She once became the
leader)
1.5. Adv of sentence: certainly/ definitely/ luckily/ surely/…
( He was certainly the liar/ luckily, she passed
the exam)
1.6. Adv of degree: fairly/ hardly/ rather/ quite/ too/ very/…
(He was quite handsome/ Hardly did we see
anything)
1.7. Adv of interrogative: when/ where/ why/…

3.2.2. Always at the end: before*/ early/ immediately*/ late (Adv* as
conjunctions at the beginning)
e.g: He went to the church immediately. Immediately, he went to
the church.
3.2.3. Follow verbs or “V + O”: yet/ still e.g: He still lives in
the suburbof the city.
3.2.4. Split: just e.g: He has just left
the house.
3.3. Adv of place:
3.3.1. At the beginning or end: away/ everywhere/ nowhere/ somewhere/
here/ there/…
e.g: Nowhere could we find him. English is spoken everywhere.
3.3.2. Administration: here/ there
e.g: He lives here/ She hasn t gone there’ .
3.4. Adv of frequency:
4.1. always/ continually/ frequently/ occasionally/ often/ once/ twice/
periodically/ repeatedly/ sometimes/ usually.
e.g: She usually walks to school.
4.2. Restricted (inversion): hardly ever/ never/ rarely/ scarely ever/
seldom
e.g: Never will she eat this kind of food.
3.5. Inversion cases:
Hardly…ever Hardly…when In no
circumstances
Neither…nor
Never No sooner…
than
Not only Not till
Nowhere On no account Only by Only in this
way