Let children learn to judge their own work. A child learning to talk does not learn by being corrected all the
time: if corrected too much, he will stop talking. He notices a thousand times a day the difference between the language
he uses and the language those around him use. Bit by bit, he makes the necessary changes to make his language like
other people’s. In the same way they learn all the other things they learn to do without being taught – to talk, run, climb,
whistle, ride a bicycle – compare their own performances with those of more skilled people, and slowly make the
needed changes. But in school we never give a child a chance to find out his mistakes for himself, let alone correct
them. We do it all for him. We act as if we thought that he would never notice a mistake unless it was pointed out to
him, or correct it unless he was made to. Soon he becomes dependent on the teacher. Let him do it himself. Let him
work out, with the help of other children if he wants it, what this word says, what the answer is to that problem, whether
this is a good way of saying or doing this or not.
If it is a matter of right answers, as it may be in mathematics or science, give him the answer book. Let him
correct his own papers. Why should we teachers waste time on such routine work? Our job should be to help the child
when he tells us that he can’t find the way to get the right answer. Let’s end all this nonsense of grades, exam, marks.
Let us throw them all out, and let the children learn what all educated persons must someday learn, how to measure their
own understanding, how to know what they know or do not know.
Let them get on with this job in the way that seems most sensible to them, with our help as school teachers if
they ask for it. The idea that there is a body of knowledge to be learnt at school and used for the rest of one’s life is
nonsense in a world as complicated and rapidly changing as ours. Anxious parents and teachers say, “But suppose they
fail to learn something essential, something they will need to get on in the world?” Don’t worry! If it is essential, they
will go out into the world and learn it.
1: What does the author think is the best way for children to learn things?
A. by copying what other people do
B. by making mistakes and having them corrected
C. by listening to explanations from skilled people
D. by asking a great many Questions
2: What does the author think teachers do which they should not do?
A. They give children correct answers
B. They point out children’s mistakes to them
C. They allow children to mark their own work
D. They encourage children to copy from one another
3: The passage suggests that learning to speak and learning to ride a bicycle are

B. “Life Underground”
C. “Animal Life in a Desert Environment”
D. “Man’s Life in a Desert Environment”
Question 2: The word “inexorable” in the passage mostly means _____ .
A. relentless B. full C. demanding D. essential
Question 3: Man can hardly understand why many animals live their whole life in the desert, as _____ .
A. sources of flowing water are rare in a desert
B. water is an essential part of his existence
C. water composes the greater part of the tissues of living things
D. very few large animals are found in the desert
Question 4: The phrase “those forms” in the passage refers to all of the following EXCEPT _____.
A. water-loving animals B. the coyote and the bobcat
C. moist-skinned animals D. many large animals
Question 5: According to the passage, creatures in the desert _____.
A. are smaller and fleeter than forest animals
B. live in an accommodating environment
C. are more active during the day than those in the tangled forest
D. are not as healthy as those anywhere else in the world
Question 6: The author mentions all the following as examples of the behavior of desert animals EXCEPT _____.
A. they sleep during the day
B. they dig home underground
C. they are noisy and aggressive
D. they are watchful and quiet
Question 72: The word “emaciated” in the passage mostly means _____.
A. wild B. cunning C. unmanageable D. unhealthy
Question 83: : the word “Them” means
A. animals B. people C. water D. minutes
Question 9: The word “burrows” in the passage mostly means _____.
A. “places where insects or other small creatures live and produce their young”
B. “holes or tunnels in the ground made by animals for them to live in”

C. It has no fixed meaning D. It is seldom used by consumers.
Question 3. The author implies that there is cause for concern if consumers with limited incomes buy organic foods
instead of conventionally grown foods because .
A. organic foods can be more expensive but are often no better than conventionally grown foods.
B. many organic foods are actually less nutritious than similar conventionally grown foods.
C. conventionally grown foods are more readily available than organic foods.
D. too many farmers will stop using conventional methods to grow food crops.
Question 4. According to the last paragraph, consumers who believe that organic foods are better than conventionally
grown foods are often .
A. careless B. mistaken C. thrifty D. wealthy
Question 5. What is the author’s attitude towards the claims made by advocates of health foods?
A. Very enthusiastic B. Skeptical C. Neutral D. Somewhat favourable
The tourist industry is (21)…………… to be the largest industry. Before 1950 one million people traveled abroad each
year but by the 1900s the figure (22) ………………to 400 million every year.
(23) ………… large numbers of tourists, however, are beginning to cause problems. For example, in the Alps the skiers
are destroying the mountains they came to enjoy. Even parts of Mount Everest in the Himalayas are reported to be
covered (24) ……………old tins, tents, and food that have been (25) ………
But at a time when we have (26) …………… freedom to travel than ever before, more and more people are asking how
they can enjoy their holidays (27) …… causing problems by spoiling the countryside. Now there is a new holiday (28)
… called "Holidays That Don't Cost The Earth". It tells you (29) ………… you can help the tourist industry by asking
your travel agent the right questions (30) … you go on holiday.
1. a. regarded b. considered c. seen d. figured
2. a. had risen b. rose c. has risen d. were rising
3. a. The b. Those c. These d. Such
4. a. by b. with c. under d. beneath
5. a. disposed b. littered c. thrown away d. launched
6. a. greater b. bigger c. larger d. better
7. a. apart from b. instead of c. without d. hardly
8. a. guidance b. guide c. direction d. instruction
9. a. where b. what c. when d. how

The smallest and most popular are pocket-sized hand portables. These work on rechargeable batteries, which allow an
(40) of up to 80 minutes’ conversation. Mobiles that are fitted permanently in a vehicle do not
(41) on separate batteries. They require an external aerial on the vehicle. This can mean a stronger signal
with clearer (42) Transportables have a high power capability and can be used (43)
anywhere. They come with powerful battery packs for longer, continuous use and may also be put (44) a
vehicle, using its electrics. They (45) to be bulkier than hand portables.
36.A. unless B. when C. while D. whether
37. A. make B. give C. take D. do
38.A. In addition B. Because C. As a result D. Although
39. A. little B. come C. few D. lots
40. A. amount B. account C. activity D. average
41. A. rely B. create C. carry D. insist
42. A. wave B. letter C. speech D. speed
43. A. mostly B. hardly C. most D. almost
44. A. on with B. into C. up with D. in to
45. A. used B. haved C. tend D. are
Sometimes you know things about people the first time you see them, for example, that you want to be friends with them
or that you don’t trust them. But perhaps this kind of intuition isn’t as hard to explain as it may seem. For instance, people
give out body language signal all the time. The way you hold your body, head and arms tells people about your mood. If
you hold your arms tightly at your sides, or fold them across your chest, people will generally feel that you are being
defensive. Holding your head to one side shows interest in the others, while an easy, open posture indicates that you are
self-confident. All this affects the way you feel about someone.
Also, a stranger may remind you of a meeting with someone. This may be because of something as simple as
the fact that he or she is physically similar to someone who treated you well or badly. Your feeling about a stranger could
be influenced by a smell in the air that brings to mind a place where you were happy as a child. Since even a single word
can bring back a memory such as that, you may never realize it is happening.
46. What does the word “open” in the passage most closely mean?
A. unrestrained B. relaxed C. confined D. unlimited
47. What influences your impression of a person you meet the first time?
A. intuition B. familiarity C. knowledge D. feeling

C. has been reversed D. has changed slightly
53. The phrase “enlightened individuals” in the first sentence most likely means “people who ”
A. always appear brilliant-looking in public B. have often been well-exposed to light
C. have acquired an adequate level of education D. bring light to anywhere they go
54. In order to become a good American citizen today, in the author’s point of view, any individual must
A. know well all his/her rights and be ready to grasp his/her opportunity of success in life
B. study carefully the history of American educational and vocational systems even since their creation
C. understand thoroughly the combination of academic knowledge and practical skills
D. move actively forward in the new Information Era and international economy with a prestigious diploma
55. Which of the following titles would be best for the passage?
A. Education and Jobs in the Past and at Present in the United States.
B. The Significant Role of Education in American Citizens’ Careers
C. Academic Knowledge and Practical Skills in American Professions
D. Recent Changes of Educational and Vocational Systems in America
The Industrial Revolution in Britain was built on the use of machines in factories. Since the 1950s, Britain's (51) _______
industries have replaced machine operators with computers, and this (52) ________ has led to a decline in the number of
(53) ________ in many factories. Goods are bought and used much more than ever before but a lot of these goods are
imported. By the beginning of the 20th century, other industrial countries like the USA were (54) ________ with Britain's
exports, and countries in the Far East have been able to provide cheaper (55) _________since the 1970s. Areas located
with heavy industries are suffering high unemployment. During the last 30 years, there has been a constant rise in smaller
industries (56) ________ as "light industries". These ones use electricity and are not (57) _________ on raw materials
such as coal so they are "footloose", i.e. they can be located anywhere. They produce such things as washing machines or
spare (58) ________ Some of these industries produce nothing at all, but provide services like distribution. The consumer
boom of the 1980s and the increased leisure time of most Britons have led to rapid (59) ________ in service industries
like banking, tourism, retailing and information processing, and in industries which distribute, maintain, and repair (60)
_________ consumer goods.
6: A. manufacturing B. big C. large D. running
7: A. replacement B. change C. exchange D. automation
8: A. employers B. employees C. labors D. servers
9: A. working B. familiar C. competing D. fed up

C. They are all related to health D. none of the above
60: According to this passage, what creates disease?
A. wearing the color black B. exposing yourself to bright colors
C. being open to your emotions D. ignoring your emotions
61: The term "intimately" in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to
A. clearly B. closely C. obviously D. simply
62: The term "they" in paragraph 3 refers to
A. emotions B. people C. colors D. none of the above
63: Why does the author mention that color and emotions are both vibrations?
A. to show how color can affect energy levels in the body. B. Because they both affect how we feel.
C. to prove the relationship between emotions and color. D. Because vibrations make you healthy.
64: The phrase "saturated with" in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to
A. bored with B. in need of C. covered with D. lacking in
65: What is the purpose of the passage?
A. to persuade the reader that colors can influence emotions and give a person more energy
B. to show that colors are important for a healthy life
C. to give an objective account of how colors affect emotions
D. to prove the relationship between color and emotion
During the 19th century, women in the U. S organized and participated in a large number of reform movements, including
movements to reorganize the prison system, improve education, ban the sale of alcohol, and most importantly to free
slaves. Some women saw similarities in the social status of women and slaves. Women like Elizabeth Cady Stanton and
Lucy Stone were feminists and abolitionists who supported the rights of both women and blacks. A number of male
abolitionists, including William Lloyd Garrison and Wendell Phillips also supported the rights of women to speak and
participate equally with men in anti- slavery activities. Probably more than any other movement, abolitionism offered
women a previously denied entry into politics. They became involved primarily in order to better their living conditions
and the conditions of others.
When the Civil war ended in 1865, the 14th, and 15th, Amendments to the Constitution adopted in 1868 and 1870
granted citizenship and suffrage to blacks but not to women. Discouraged but resolved, feminists influenced more and
more women to demand the right to vote. In 1869, the Wyoming Territory had yielded to demands by feminists, but
eastern states resisted more stubbornly than ever before. A woman's suffrage bill had been presented to every Congress

D. He believed in equality between men and women.
80: What can not be inferred from the passage?
A. The blacks were given the right to vote before women.
B. The abolitionists believed in anti- slavery activities.
C. A women's suffrage bill had been discussed in the Congress for 50 years.
D. The eastern states did not like the idea of women's right to vote.
At the beginning of the nineteenth century, the American educational system was desperately in need of reform.
Private schools existed, but only for the very rich. There were very few public schools because of the strong sentiment
that children who would grow up to be laborers should not “waste” their time on education but should instead prepare
themselves for their life’s work. It was in the face of this public sentiment that educational reformers set about their
task. Horace Mann, probably the most famous of the reformers, felt that there was no excuse in a republic for any citizen
to be uneducated. As Superintendent of Education in the state of Massachusetts from 1837 to 1848, he initiated various
changes, which were soon matched in other school districts around the country. He extended the school year from five to
six months and improved the quality of teachers by instituting teacher education and raising teacher salaries. Although
these changes did not bring about a sudden improvement in the educational system, they at least increased public
awareness as to the need for a further strengthening of the system.
36. The best title for the passage could be ______.
A. A Flight for Change B. American Education in the Beginning of the 19th Century
C. Nineteenth - the Century of Reform D. The Beginnings of Reform in American Education
37. The passage implied that to go to a private school, a student needed ______.
A. a high level of intelligence B. a strong educational background
C. a lot of money D. good grades
38. The word “desperately” in the passage mostly means ______.
A. partly B. urgently C. completely D. obviously
39. The author of the passage puts the word “waste” in quotation marks because he ______.
A. does not want students to waste their time on education
B. is quoting someone else who said that education was a waste of time
C. wants to emphasize how much time is wasted on education
D. thinks that education is not really a waste of time
40 According to the passage, Horace Mann wanted a better educational system for Americans because ______.

qualifications will (62)______ you to get on more quickly in many careers, and evening classes allow you to learn
(63)______ you earn. Starting work and taking a break to study when you are older is (64)______ possibility. In this
way, you can save up money for your student days, as well as (65)______ practical work experience.
56. A. former B. past C. later D. after
57. A. term B. class C. school D. course
58. A. necessary B. important C. worth D. useful
59. A. of B. through C. among D. between
60. A. skills B. interests C. habits D. arts
61. A. instant B. just C. straight D. direct
62. A. help B. make C. give D. let
63. A. while B. what C. where D. which
64. A. another B. always C. also D. again
65. A. Doing B. getting C. making D. taking
It is hard to think of a world without gas or electricity. Both are commonly used for lighting and heating today. We now
can instantly flick a lighter or strike a match to make a flame. But it was not long ago that there were no such things as
matches or lighters. To make fire, it was necessary to strike a piece of iron on flint for sparks to ignite some tinder. If
the tinder was damp, or the flint old, you had to borrow some fire from a neighbor.
We do not know exactly when or how people first used fire. Perhaps, many ages ago, they found that sticks would burn
if they were dropped into some hole where melted lava from a volcano lay boiling. They brought the lighted sticks back
to make their fire in a cave. Or, they may have seen trees catch fire through being struck by lightning, and used the trees
to start their own fires.
Gradually people learned they could start a fire without traveling far to find flames. They rubbed two pieces of wood
together. This method was used for thousands of years.
When people became used to making fires with which to cook food and stay warm at night, they found that certain
resins or gums from trees burnt longer and brighter. They melted resins and dipped branches in the liquid to make
torches that lit their homes at night. Iron stands in which torches used to be fixed can still be seen in old buildings of
Europe.
There was no lighting in city streets until gas lamps, and then electric lamps were installed. Boys ran about London at
night carrying torches of burning material. They were called torch boys, or link boys, and earned a living by guiding
visitors to friends’ houses at night.

C. containing a lot of white D. full of light; having the natural light of day
74. What form of street lighting was used in London when link boys used to work there?
A. Gas lighting. B. No lighting at all. C. Electric lighting. D. Oil lighting.
75. The best title for the passage could be ______ .
A. Prehistoric People and Fire B. Fire: Discovery and Uses
C. Different Types of Lamps D. The Advantages of Candles
The role of translation enabling literature to pass beyond its natural frontiers is receiving growing recognition. In
view of the general increase in this 31 _____ , it is not surprising that many people with literary interests and a
knowledge of languages should think of adopting translating as a full- or part-time 32 _____. Some advice may
usefully be given to such would -be translators.
The first difficulty the beginner will 33 _____ is the unwillingness of publishers to entrust a translator to anyone
who has not already 34 _____ a reputation for sound work. The least publishers will 35_____ before commissioning a
translator is a faily lengthy 36 _____ of the applicant’s work, even if unpublished. Perhaps the best way the would-be
translator can begin is to select some book of the type which he or she feels competent and eager to translate, translate a
37 _____ section of the book and then submit the book and the translation to a suitable publisher. If he or she is
extremely lucky, this may result in a commission to translate the book. More probably, however, publishers will 38
_____ the book as such but if they are favorably 39 _____ by the translation, they may very possibly commission some
other books of a 40 _____ nature which they already have in mind.
Question 31: A. field B. category C. group D. class
Question 32: A. work B. employment C. occupation D. line
Question 33: A. encounter B. involve C. reveal D. introduce
Question 34: A. formed B. set C. founded D. established
Question 35: A. instruct B. oblige C. demand D. direct
Question 36: A. instance B. case C. specimen D. model
Question 37: A. substantial B. main C. grand D. plentiful
Question 38: A. exclude B. reject C. object D. disapprove
Question 39: A. impressed B. convinced C. affected D. taken
Question 40: A. common B. same C. similar D. joint
Until recently, most American entrepreneurs were men. Discrimination against women in business, the demands of
caring for families, and lack of business training had kept the number of women entrepreneurs small. Now, however,

B. Women lacked ability to work in business.
C. Women faced discrimination in business.
D. Women were not trained in business.
Question 54: in line 10, “that” refers to
A. a woman becomes chairman of the board.
B. Women working hard
C. Women achieving advanced degrees
D. Women believing that business is a place for them.
Question 55:According to the passage, Charlotte Taylor believes that women in 1970s
A. Were unrealistic about their opportunities in business management.
B. Were still more interested in education than business opportunities
C. had fewer obstacles in business than they do today.
D. were unable to work hard enough to success in business.
Question 56: The author mentions the “shoesbox under the bed” in the third paragraph in order to
A. Show the frugality of women in business
B. show the resourcefulness of Sandra Kurtzig
C. Point out that initially the financial resources of Sandra Kurtzig’s business were limited
D. suggest that the company needed to expand
Question 57: The expression “ keep tabs on “ in line 16 is closest meaning to
A. recognize the appearance of B. keep records of
C. provide transportation for D. pay the salaries of
Question 58: The word “hurdles” in line 21 can be best replaced by
A. fences B .obstacles C. questions D. small groups
Question 59: It can be inferred from the passage that the author believes that business operated by women are small
because
A. Women prefer a small intimate setting.
B. Women can’t deal with money.
C. Women are not able to borrow money easily.
D. many women fail at large businesses.
Question 60:The author’s attitude about the future of women in business is

C. having a deficiency in carbohydrates D. having an insufficient amount of protein
Question 78: According to the passage, which of the following does NOT describe carbohydrates?
.A. a protein supply B. a necessity C. a range of sugars D. an energy source
Question 79: Which of the following best describes the author's tone?
A. sensitive B. emotional C. informative D. regretful
Question 80: Which of the following best describes the organization of this passage?
A. Cause and result B. Comparison and contrast
C. Specific to general D. Definition and example