
NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF VETERINARY RESEARCH
ENTERIC DISEASES DIAGNOSTIC REQUEST FORM Signed ………………………………………………………… Date………………………… NIVR – Attn: Department of Bacteriology (Dr Cu Huu Phu)

Postal Address
86 Truong Chinh Rd
Dong Da-Hanoi

Phone 84 48693923
Fax 84 48694082

Please complete ALL sections. Complete ONE form for each sow. Multiple piglets from the same sow can be entered on a
SINGLE form.

Farm Owner:
Number of sows:
Address:

Phone: Fax:
Email:
Mobile:

NIVR Use Only:

TEST FARM NUMBER:

5
6
7
Preliminary Diagnosis/History (Treatments, severity of scour etc) Reports to be sent
Vet Other: Name Fax No
Property
Manager
Other: Name Fax No

NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF VETERINARY RESEARCH
ENTERIC DISEASES DIAGNOSTIC REQUEST FORM Signed ………………………………………………………… Date…………………………
Characteristics of faecal specimens:

Sample No: pH: Colour: Consistency (Scale
1-4): (1 = thick custard; 4 = pure water) Other: Virology (TGE)

DIPSTICK (Herd only):
ELISA:
Immunoflourescence:

Virology (Rotavirus)

ELISA:
Diagnosis
ID No: Date:

NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF VETERINARY RESEARCH
ENTERIC DISEASES DIAGNOSTIC REQUEST FORM Signed ………………………………………………………… Date…………………………

class="bi x22 y75 w4 he"
class="bi x22 y75 w5 hf"
class="bi x22 y75 w6 h10"
class="bi x22 y75 w8 h11"
class="bi x22 y75 wa h11"

, Cu HP
1
, Fahy VA
2
, Cargill C
3
, and Trott DJ
4
1
National Institute of Veterinary Research, Hanoi, Vietnam
2
National
E. coli
Reference Laboratory, Department of Natural Resources and Environment, Epsom, VIC 3554, Australia
3
The South Australian Research and Development Institute (SARDI), Adelaide SA 5001, Australia
4
School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072
INTRODUCTION
OBJECTIVES
MATERIAL AND METHODS
RESULTS
REFERENCES
Table 1: The contribution of different infectious agents to
PrWD in commercial and village pigs
# of positive specimens (%)Agent(s) detected
45 (100.0)92 (78.8)
Total multiple infections
(23)(76)(111)(97)(50)
(36)

TGEVRVCrypto
1 (2.2)1 (0.8)
C. per.TGEVCrypto
3 (6.7)1 (0.8)
ETECRVCrypto
4 (4.4)5 (4.2)
ETECTGEVCrypto
1 (2.2)1 (0.8)
RVCryptoCocci
2 (4.4)2 (1.7)
ETECTGEVCocci
3 (6.7)4 (3.4)
TGEVRVCocci
3 (6.7)2 (1.7)
ETECRVCocci
7 (5.9)
ETECTGEV
1 (0.8)
C. per.TGEV
2 (4.4)6 (5.1)
TGEVCrypto
1 (2.2)1 (0.8)
C. per.Crypto
1 (2.2)3 (2.5)
ETECCrypto
2 (4.4)1 (0.8)
CryptoCocci
2 (4.4)1 (0.8)
RVCocci
3 (6.7)17 (14.4)

(Institut Pourquier, France); 5) ETEC by aerobic culture
and PCR for enterotoxins and fimbriae; and 6) C.
perfringens by anaerobic culture. Results were
interpreted according to manufacturer’s
recommendations (ELISA kit) or as described [3].
 Detection of multiple infectious agents from a single
specimen was common, with TGEV and RV being
endemic to all piggeries (Table 1).
 In village pigs, agents were always found together with
one or more additional agents, while 25 cases from CP
were infected with only 1 causative agent.
 ETEC occurred in older (>4 day-old) piglets; most
probably due to effective vaccination programs.
 These results and observations from farm audits
suggest that environmental conditions and husbandry
practices may be predisposing piglets to intestinal
infections.
1. Straw, B. E., et al. Diseases of Swine 1999: 41-59.
2. Tzipori, S. British Veterinary Journal 1988; 144: 521-523.
3. Diagnostic Manual of the Pig Health and Research Unit (Bendigo,
Victoria, Australia).
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
This work was supported by Ministry of Agriculture & Rural
Development (Vietnam), National Institute of Veterinary
Research (NIVR), Australian Government (AusAID) under
Collaboration for Agriculture and Rural Development (CARD)
Program
2
 Escherichia coli is one of the most important
enteric pathogens causing diarrhoea in pigs [1]

3
, Fairbrother JM
3
1
Department of Bacteriology, National Institute of Veterinary Research, Hanoi, Vietnam
2
School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
3
The
Escherichia coli
Laboratory, Faculte de Medicine Veterinaire, Universite de Montreal, 3200 Sicotte, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC,
Canada J2S 2M2
INTRODUCTION
OBJECTIVES
MATERIAL AND METHODS
RESULTS
REFERENCES
Table 1: Prevalence of individual virulence gene
1 (5.6%)Aero
7 (17.1%)14 (77.8%)EAST1
28 (68.3%)STx2
23 (56.1%)12 (66.7%)LT
20 (48.8%)16 (88.9%)STb
31 (75.6%)14 (77.8%)STa
13 (31.7%)2 (11.1%)AIDA-I
25 (61.0%)13 (72.2%)
Paa
30 (73.2%)
F18
2 (11.1%)

PWD (n=41)PrWD (n=18)
Source of isolates
Pathotype
 To screen for the presence of 19 virulence factors
(F4, F5, F6, F17, F18, F41, EAE, P factor, Paa, AFA,
AIDA-I, STa, STb, LT EASTI, Stx1, Stx2, CNF, Aero)
in ETEC and ETEC/VTEC strains obtained from pig
with diarrhoea in Vietnam
 E. coli strains (n=18 from pre-weaning and n=41
from post-weaning piglets with diarrhoea) from
different provinces in Vietnam
 ETEC or ETEC/VTEC were confirmed by primary
multiplex PCR (F4, F5, F6, F41, F18, STa, STb, LT,
VT2e)
 DNA hybridization and PCR were further applied to
detect for the presence of 19 virulence factors
according to the protocol of The Escherichia coli
Laboratory, Faculte de Medicine Veterinaire,
Universite de Montreal
3
 The cost of pork production in Vietnam could be significantly reduced by the widespread use of locally made
efficacious vaccines to control endemic diseases such as neonatal colibacillosis.
DEVELOPMENT AND EFFICACY TESTING OF A VACCINE
FOR THE CONTROL OF PRE-WEANING COLIBACILLOSIS
IN VIETNAM
Cu HP
1
, Fahy VA
2
, Driesen SJ

NIVR
0.9406
b
EcoVac
0.8129
b
Litterguard
0.2260
a
Control
Mean (OD value)Treatment group
82
4
2
5
0
80
3
2
4
0
Piglets born alive
Stillbirths
Mummies (or died before
parturition)
Deformities eg splay legs
Abortion
Group 2
(8 sows)
(NIVR)

b
: p<0.005
4
Some technical solutions suitable for development
of smallholder pig production in Quang Tri
province
Duyen T.T.B
1
, Coi N.Q
1
, C Cargill
2
, VA Fahy
3
, DJ Trott
4
.
1
National Institute of Animal Husbandry, Hanoi, Vietnam;
3
South Australian Research
Development Institute,
2
Victorian Department of Primary Industries;
4
School of Veterinary
Science, The University of Queensland, Australia.
Introduction
√ Quang Tri province is located on the coast of
Central in Vietnam, where always adversely affected

0.57
2.05
0.72
1.88Litters/sow/year (litter)
4.52334.006.59304.7
Age of First farrowing (day)
mxXmxX
F1MC
Criteria
Table 2: Reproductive performance of MC and F1 sows in Feeding experiments.
Within a row, values with different letters are significantly different (P<0.05)
423.40
b
393.53
a
526.27
a
464.14
a
Profit/litter (1000VND)
2051.73
a
2010.62
a
2184.27
a
2257.12
a
Total income/litter (1000VND)
1628.33

59.96
a
59.64
a
Weaning weight/litter (kg)
8.83
a
10.2
a
8.75
a
10.10
a
Weaning piglets/litter (head)
F1MCF1MC
Control groupExperimental groupCriteria
92.50
a
93.36
a
97.38
a
95.65
a
Alive weaning rate (%)
9.25
b
10.27
a
10.71

2573.80
a
2290.80
a
Income/litter (1000VND)
94.31
a
86.11
a
97.58
a
93.98
a
Alive piglet rate at 60 days of age (%)
14.83
a
13.07
a
15.10
a
14.08
a
Weight at 60 days of age/head (kg)
9.33
a
9.67
a
10.00
a
10.25

Piglet creep boxes
Feeding piglets by “Start feed”
House for pigs with open side walls
5
6
Table 1: Results of diagnostic samples submitted to the lab (4/2005-10/2005)
Total No. of samples tested Causative agents No. of positive/Total %
E. coli
30/154 19.48%
Swab samples (n = 154)
C. perfringens
10/154 6.49%

Rotavirus 53/65 81.54%
Coronavirus 43/65 66.15%
Cocci oocytst 13/65 20.00%
Faecal samples tested (n = 65)
Crypto 9/65 13.85% Table 2: Results of diagnostic samples submitted to Bacto Lab (11/2005-6/2006)
Total No. of samples tested Causative agents No. of positive/Total %
E. coli
19/113 16.81%
Swab samples (n = 113)
C. perfringens
7/113 6.19%

Rotavirus 61/74 82.43%
Coronavirus 49/74 66.22%

perfringens type C
2 + days 2 gm faeces, whole
animal, small intestine
Severe haemorrhagic
enteritis
Salmonella 5 days of age to
weaning
Rectal swab, caecum
terminal iliium,
mesenteric lymph node,
whole animal
Scour, ill thrift, emaciation,
+/- pneumonia
Cryptosporidium 5 days of age to
weaning
2 gm faeces, whole
animal, small intestine
Scour (blood), ill-thrift
Stronyloides
ransomi
10 days to post
weaning
Faeces Severe diarhoea and
dehydration