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p)p!r!p
r^.1

senlcnces a'ld
para_
8.rphs.
I'ou'll
necd to srlc
Ercrtcr
c:lrc
to
gei
it righr $e first timc.
Noq', hcre
are thc
bodl'
p:lr,rgraphs
of m,r' rcsponsc
to cach of thc two
simulxred
Issues. As
)'ou
re:rd
thcse
bodi
par,rSnphs.
nole lire followinS:
.
I rricd to srick to m) outline
$fiitc ar dre snmc iime rcmxi.lrin8 ,lcxiblc
:rs
ncw
idels for conlcnt or orgxnizltion

to the Issue
essay, it s
rll a mattcr of opinion-and
noi even
_vour
honest
opinion
ar thatl
.
A8ain, I've
underlined words and
phmses dut
vou
might use in
almost
any
Issuc
essay to help
you
see
how rhe
jdcas
flow naturilly
and
pcrsursivcly
faom one
to the nexr,
Fou r-Paiagraph Body
(Issuc
1)

holds the
reftllarory and enforcement
power
ao impose the n ecessarl' stlndards
ard to ensure th.at
we
achieve these
8oa.ls.
A1g!ggU,
go.'emment pen?.ltics
do nol
guamnlee
compliancc
wi.h
environmcntal regulations.
Businesscs often aftempt to
avoid compli
ancc by conccaling t})eir activitjes, lobbyrng
lcsislato.s to modiry
re[lu]ations, or moving
ope.atjofls to
jurjsdictions
rhxl allow thcir
environmcnt'lly hirn-Lful
acrivides. Others calculate
*rc cost of
poluting,.in
tcrms of
punishmcnt,
:thcn

is Faught
with
bure.xucratic
"'|d enJorcemcnt
Problcms.
ncgu'
latory
qvsrems
inhcrcntll call fo.
Iegislativc
comminces. invcstigations,
Wrltlrg
Skllk|or
tbe
GRE/GIuT Tests
[email protected]'.@m
,1r1
sttteah,411'nLu
sts4I
JVI^!D/Vnt
ro[s
tns SrtltuAt
.
s,uosrapd
't:in
uornrurrotur
ut:
ot ll.
'rao(
ll:utsnpor

515-q316
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pf,u3rsap

surc
(o
mxkc
timc
Io
wrap
up vour discussion.
Convc\'
thc nuin thnrst of
vour
essn\' ir)
rso of threc scnlcnces. It ao cspccialll' insiShth.rl concludinll
Jroint
occurs
to
you.
lhc finxl senlcncc of
),our
essal is lhc
pl.lcc
for i!,
For cxch of the two simulated Issues, herc s a brief summarl tha!
assurcs tlrc rc:rder
I've or8Rnizcd
my
tific
weLl rnd
finished m)'
cssrl'-
Notice thar this

of
aSrced.upon
cnvi.rotuncntal
goals,
Since individuals
arc unablc
and buslDcJscs
aie
by nature unwillirg
to assume
this lcsponsibility,
Sovemrncot
must
do so.
Finnl Paragraph
(l$sue
2)
ln sum,
although leidership, indivjduxl ambirion, and €ven the
valuc
of tangibl€ ,rscrs
plr),
crucial
rolcs
ln ahe
succcss
of
many large
businGs o4laniadons. reamwork is the singlc ingrcdicnt commoi
to

iI thcy are ba.]anced in
lcoSith.
lf
thcy
arcn'r,
perhaps you
dwellcd
too
lon8
on one
arca
of
disc\rssion,
whilc
in anotler,
you
neglccted
to
providcadcqur&
suppon
(rersons
andlor cxamples).
Dur48 step 7 is lhc
timc to
llim hck and
lill
our as necded to
achieve r
balanccd
Drcscnta-

should
n1'to accomplish.
durinS
stcp 7:
tol
sroeat2d
ntn,nl
-
,t',t
J.vjr,r/.
t!
i.ll
r(J
\tDt|
nj
tpAt
r,
slosJa,.r
ror
roor)
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stLI
S$J^trU
aq
lou
prau,(f,ssa
rnol
.gJo
alors
dot xro!
.
A sl:raemcnt
dral
firi:'cs
two
dislircr

o,
suppon
ao rhe
sL?tement)
.
A surcmenr
rhar
mi8hr
be uue
(or
una[uc) gcncrilt],but
fails
ro
accounr
for
significxnr
exceprional
cascs
(look
foa
all_inclusive
words
such
as
orll,, aII,
aod
Drust)
.
A sraremenr
thar

cRI
or
GIUAT
lssue
sute-
mcnt.
lf
you
recognize
a
ccrrain parrem
behind
t})e
shrcment,
tl],
ro
'
deveiop
a
pcrspccrivc,
or ticsis.
rh.,r qualifics
rhe
sr^rcfirent
accof(insry.
Srnoruo
AonEemer.n
{AccrnnNce}
oR
DIsaGREEMEM

vic\\,.
,{rlopting
a
Controversial
position
It's
oka), ro
tak€
a conrrovcrsirl
sEnce
on an issue,
bu! avoto
cornrng
across
:ff
ilff
:ff : ilffi
:fi
:T:tr"JJ;,:T.:T:j;;.f
:n.,:fl:
roDs
one way
or thc
orher.
Don,t
wo.ry
thar
lhe
readcr
miv

pcndcnt
tlin_kers
with
dislircr pojn$
of
view.
Ap_".)ealirtg_
to
Moialirt',
Spiiituatify,
or
Jingoism
Avoid
inllammerory
satement5,
and
don't prcach
or
proselltjzc.
Approach
the lssue wriring
ri.sk
as
an
inrcllecrual
excrcrse
i'l wlicb you
disp:rssion_
atcly
cxrmine l?lrous

or
cxtouirt
bascd
on
pcrsonrt
moraj
Frounds.
Also rvo;O
ctcmagogucry
(appcrls
ro
prciudicc
or cmotion)
or
jin8oism
(cxcessive
pa6iorism).
brs.perdsot\ com
Pct*soi's I
Vlnng
Skrk
Jor
tbe
GRE/GMAT
Tcs.s
t1).iroe'rd on,
srsal
lvtrtDmxt
aq!
nfs

'axt
rqr 3rrtor^;IU:do
purj
s)D
lxurd
prludDrtuc
roj
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l'
la6Pnq
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sulel
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rsor
aql aulnrJr)
lo
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pto^c
01 ldu.trux
ueuo srss:lusnlql
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rroddns
tuarDddD

erF
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'saJdurzx::atunol
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rsnur ,{tssr rnol a.{lrJaJJo iltc:)

JoJ
stnbllry)ll
pul
sd!
Jo
iralrE^ c ur[)I
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rpoq-scldurrxa lttx
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suotEar
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loilltod no,{
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::pr:: arp cprnsred o:
pJcu
nol r'doN
poo8
os

strsngth
of
x
diffcrcn!
position)
is tnlirl-
minor' or insiSnificxnt
Thc
css;r\'
for lssuc
2
provides
an ctamPlc
First
thc cssrl
ofJlrs
nvo exrmPlcs
1at lend
apl>atcnt
support
to rhs opPosinS
Posn'on:
Olhcrs
miShl
ailc ai)e
hea\\'mxnufacturin8:rnd
nf,iu
l'tcsourcc
jndustfics,
whcrc lhe

3"
Appeal
to
Broader
Considerations
r8xc
that
any minor
Problems
piih
your
position secm
trivi'l in
light of
the broad,
and
serjous,
implicatjons
that
th€ lssue
raises
Tbe
essay
for
lssue I
Provides
an
cxamPle
First. $e
cssay

out
thc
broad
socielal
consider:rtion
tl:rt
Puis
iris
mitot
drawback
in its
proPer
PcrsPective:
' .
lsluch
delays
sccm
trivial
when
\\'e
considct
thar
many
enviJon'
eotil
iroblcmi
car4'no!
onl-\'a
rcal
threat

a ccnaifl
rcspect. The
essay for
Issue I
provides an examplc
Fifs!
the
l
cssa-l
rcknowledgcs
a certain
weakicss in
its
Posttron:
.
IDlehys
l}?icdly
associlted
with
burcaucraric
regdatron
can
-
thqan
t)rc
purPosc of
the relxrladons
bccausc
cnvirotrncntal
problems can

s
t
1vllttnq
Shlusfor
tbe
GPE/GMAT
TQs,s
tuo)-tuosroFdrD4nl

s,L
J.Vt1't/ildl
nqt ro[ s
lts
n'u!t].lar
L
t.uosJat
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ro
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AVSST lnSSr
9N|UO3S-H9lH
V
SSOdy\OO 01
MOH
Avoid the
Trite
and Hackneyed
Tn'to
avoid
usint bxckncvcd.
overuscd
cxamplcs
Io mJI:c
Your
Poinl
Kccp
in mind:
IIanY GRE
lrd GMAT
lest lakers
will

The Effon
and Atlhuf
Andcrson
accounling
scaodals
.
Recenl American
Prcsidentixl
scandrls
"
AdolDh
Hitler
and drc
Jewisir
Holocrust
.
Bill Gates
and Mrctosofi
s busitess
lmcLice(
Examples such
as thcse
arc
the ali_tooobvious
ones. Try
lo
di8 a bit
deeper, showing
the
rcader

rell'in8
too hcavily
on
personal
cxpeience.
Strive
to demonstrate
through
yout essal' a
b'eadti
of
both real-world
cxpcri€nce
znd
academic
LnowledS€'
Generalist,
Not
a
Specialist
Unless
the sPecific
directive
lccompan]'i'rg
the
stalemcnl
insruc$
othetwise,
avoid harping
on

agarnst
gohB
orf
on a rangcnt
witi a sinSle
rsson
or eximPle'
ir-'r' to adherc
to one
of thc siruc-turrl
templares
you'll
lcaF'about
a.bit
I^tcr in
Pan 2.
rvllllrg
Skllk
lor
rbc
GRE/GMAT
Tests
,ltaut.letidoa oh
nr
Ljjj
'rrurlsqns
slrit rnql
.irss!
Jruq
x ulqr l.q3lq

atlt
uo spuadap
lTe
lI
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tnssl
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ro
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f,rof,s
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,qr urrSr
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(f,rlleql
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trcqs
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lvss3 3nssr 9Nruo3s-H9lH
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NOTE:
Thc
samplc
cR[ essa-vs
in
pan
5
of this
book mnSe
from
475
ro
675
vords
in lcngtb,
and the
GIUAT
lssue essays
m
p1n
7
mngc
from
325
ro
500
words
i.o
lengrh.
But for a

of
Paragraphs
Therc
is no
"correcr"
o,
"bcst"
numbcr
of
par.rgrJphs/rr
sc for an lssuc
essat.
Ncvenheless,
an),
cRE
or GMAT
lssue essa),sboutd
jrcludc
scpaialc
inrroducrory
and sunrmar.y
(o.
conctuclinS)
paiagraphs.
ln addirion,
2ny
cM]lT Issue
cssry
sho:uld
coora;a at tcast

pangcaphs.
While
there
are no
hard-and.fasr
rules. here are
a handfut of
idcas for
you
ro
pul
'nlo
Dracrrce.
.
Ifvou
bcgin vour
bod)'para8rnphs
1vith your positjon,
stan s,ith
the
slrongcst
("chicf,"
"main,"
or
.primxr\r)
reason
for
that
position.
Then

of
6fiL
By,runing
righr around
to counrer
tur .e.alon,
you
disam
.
your
dcrmctors
caf in
)our
ess:r}.
.
,^mor8
varions
opposinS poin15,
admir t}lc
skonScst one
firsr.
.
Respond innrcdiatel1,
ro
e3ch conrm'_-\'
poin!,
in
rurrl.
Don r
pile

ts
gl
soN
irrss-i
Jllc
trt
:rlxldrurl
srq)
tro;llirru)s!)
n){rxl
)Ii
:
ur:.t
pur
(
ur:d ur
sixssi.nsst
3ur^{oltot
:)ql.
Itlrnqrr
e
rur(xl.rruxln):)
- uonrsod rnoi rol uosr.ar
rJttlJ :ctdDra^DrDd
pr!
lulnqrJ
{-
rurodr)rulo)
(-
uortrsod

(rldujr\?
ro uoscrl)r
odsJ x
01.sr:Jtr
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crlt'osty
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prrt
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lcqulnu
aqj, .
luelrtllls
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Jo)
lej8x
no,(
rlJtrlna
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tualxo srll .
(Z
rrd
u-i
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ro
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otur u^\op
u:loJq
oq u')
lr
Jrq)eq,r
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guroi5loJ
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lunrlndrs
s/Avssf
,^vssl
!nss
gNtLo3s-Hcrrl
v:sodhto3
0^ MoH
uno^
uoJ
s \ndwl
PAlli z
) ou
can
u5c
thc s:rme
remPlerc
to orscuss
two or
morc examPlcs
(or
disttnct
at
s) drit
lend suPpon
lo
-vour
posroonl

(or
ar€a)
drat suPporu
your
position
-)
countcrpoiJ)!
+ rebutld
The
followinS lssue
cssi.rs
in Part 5
and Pan
7 are
ba5ed
esscntially
on
t])
varEuon:
I t I GRE
Essay Nos.
66' 85
tlll
GMdT BseY
No 74
TernPlate
B
Try this
rcmplate to
acknowledgc

(andlor
exmple)
in support
of
yor
posilion
3rd
ParagraPlr:
Attorher
reason
(3nd/or
ex
npie)
in suppon
of
yo!
positioo
Final
Paragrapb:
-ief
countirrrgument
-+
rebutta)
The
foUowin8
issue
€ssays
jn
Pan
5

)_out
position
but
wherc
you
have
betcr
reasons
andlor
cxa$ples
rin
.
suPPon
ofYour
Positioni
I
st Paragrapb:
Clt\et
countcrarg,
rmcn!
.
\ext
PatuTralb:
Attoth€r
counter"rSrmcntl
Nctt
PaTalrapb:
On'
r€ason
and/or

t
:alEldurar
sqt
uo ,{llr!urss.
p$rq
orx
/
rrcd
pw
!
r,'rd
ur sftssr )nssl
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hurnq.r
F
tlstgn8J8Js]runol.
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rrDEngJEJrrrmo)
.
(s.tdDr8ar,d.qv
puD pr€
Jo)
qdDr8bJod puz
Tsllnqar
{- rururn8]rjJruno] .'(.94dor3orod
pue
puD

i4 s,{Essa
enssl Sq,uonoj rql
uortrsod
ArJluor , Sarlloddns
stldujr.rr
ro
(s)rrry
;(s./darSnt4d
qtt puD
prt
ro)
qdorSDtDJ puz
soFlsod ruo
SarFroddns
sctdEIx'r ro
(s)E
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puz
puo
tsI
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rl'Jdur)l
srp l,r
,(uor",rprsuo)
Dprm B.'s .rr ""
#::":;:ff:tl:j
.
Suons trJJmbr f.n uolllsod s.luesra:sls rql

q
eldutEx? rolprm uosser ratlro:uy
:ttdpJSDJt2d
txaN)
AVSS3
lnssl eNldO3S-HglH
V
lSOdt'lOO Ol /v\OH
DO'S
AT,ID
DON'Ts
FOR YOUR, ISSUE ESSAY
Noq'.
rcvicw
some of *)e ke1'
Doinls
from Pan 2. Herc s a lisr
ot DO s
and
DOr Ts ro kcep vou
on rl)c righ! rr.rck
s/h€n
l,ou
orFrnizc and composc
your
lssuc essa\,.
To
rcinforce ihc
idcas in this.lisl, eannark it and r€fer ro
il

timc sccond{uessing what thc rcadcr
mighr aSrcc
(or
disagree)
with-
Gn.E and GMAT rcaders are tmlned to be objccrive. So don't try to
anticipatc whar
a reeder
$ould
consider a
"co.rccr"
poshion (politically
or
othcrwise) on an lssuc
UO
-hed8c"
your position
by
qualifyinS your
vicwpoint
and ackrowlcdging
others. ln doing
so,
you
won'r appear wishy-wr,sh),
bu! rather thoughtft
and scholarlvl
DOI'T
l. relucrinr to rak€ a stroos slance
on

rccnmques.
UON T
overdo,r
when
it comes to dFwing on
personrl
expeoences
ro
suppon
your positjon.
Try insrerd ro dcmonst.are a breadth of both rcal-world and
t\^
9o
cxplain
how each exmple
you
mention illusrntcs l our
point.
Anyone call
sjmply list a long stdrS of examples and claim thar thcy
tllustratc a
poinl
But tic rodcrs,are lookin8 for incisivc
analysis, not fasr
q?ing (or
writin8).
DON'I
t.y
.o imprcss the rader wirh either
your lasr

pull
no^
st.a,srrr.t u^top 1ol
.
:s:rldujxx;)
SurDoddn\.ior
SuDou
or
uorllppx ul s,rtss: :nssl
s,looq
aql
Plrl
no,i
sY
'lood
lrlrlllo
,ql u!
sanssl
9lI
JoJ sixssr,{t!
sulntuoJ uoDlpr
puz
s,-\iooq
:)rLL
(s,uosl)lad
lq
paqsltqnd)
sflotrsrrrA
{ossg
lDaE

aqr
3l4pc).]
,{q s?5Jl
ssar!
loJ
p!?ds
01
dn rr3 srqr :uepg.p
3J,no,{
qrJl]a II
(I
lrDd
lI1
9I-€l
stird
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urorJ)
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3tp lJFulpI
srrqro roJ
lJgrn sf,nssl
Jo
s'dll
sitos roJ
slldursD
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dn
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JaFto
lrl a^xq

'3uo
qJra
ro:l stur.q! esl)^lp
Susa^o)
su
uclrrs
rnssl urrl!
Jo
urr
lJells
(
salls
qar(
IYl,'{5
pue
AUC
s,tJlnlas
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tq)
urqqo ol ,$.oq
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fuo.{ r.ttop
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€slpnlJuoJ
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pltr qdtJSE Ed fuorJnponq
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tu41
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rlJEJ or
qdEJ€Errd
auo
uxqr cjor! ou
€ulo^f,p'JoJ
eull
t^tq
no'{
sc :umno
mo,{
u!

'
Pick
up
trcr,:r idexs:
cvcn tcading
just
the
firs( and
lasl
pal?grJPhs
of erch
€ssxl
s'ill xfford
you m:rn\' uscful
jnsighls
'
HiFlilight
tt4t-rilio'r
and rl:tctoricttl
PF,ras':s
lhcn !n
compostng
s.vcnl
essxvs
)'oursclf,
making
a spccial
effon
ro incorPorate
your

the lists of
cornmon
themes
on
pages
13-15
irl
Pan
l' roll
up
your
sleeves
3nd hit
thc
proverbiel stacks
for
lssue
idcas All
forms
of
rncdia
a.e fair
8'Jne
i,{agazines
Tbe
Periodicals
lisLcd
below
fea$re
anicles

'
T'be Ecollo'nLst:
Pohtical
and
economic
ideologJ'
'
.Re,rotr
idcolog.v
and culNre
Ooads
of
"cross{isciplinc"
articles)
'
Tlte
Neu lbrle''r
arts, huma{u!€s,
sociolo8J"
Popular
culturc
'
Tlre
Futurist:
a)ltrrdl
and
technological
trcnds
with
rhis list in

'nd
dcvelopmcnts
in
lErious
are?s
of human
cndeavor.
Herc
arc lwo
uscful oncs
to st'Jt
wilh:
'.1
;r;1;;;, ,.
.
;::'.
A
Hktory
ol
Ktouledgc:
Past,
Present,
and Flture
by Ch^tlcs
uet\
'
Doren
(Birch
llne Pr6s
1991)

2qt rofrttts
SutUlAt
I
s,uoe4
(s.srJr.x.
{t)
rlntlrurs s,il]ssr
LrI: Sqzlu3o)?ll .
({)sr).xr
c) sqdl:lll rd
,irolJnportu! Surlu^\
.
(srsr]J)xr
€)
SurulllnO
.
:)dit
r)d
s)sr)r)ri!
Jo
r.qunu
aqr Lirr^
BuoF
aDq
puu
ll,nol
s)slJJexr
Jo
sad;l
a^lt ,qt ,rr 3JOH

x IJI
',{FNoJr
uortrsod
txql Su,rssrdrT .
srqodarr^ Jrglo seSpol^\otDi)?
rrqt
pux
suolD.rlds4 put
^]rx)ldlrloJ
s,ruauj5lrls
aql JoJ
slunot)r,
lErn uollsod
t BuldoJa,lro
n
:qll^l
paulo)uotr
oq
/Ulurud
pfnoqs
mo
tusuodun
]soui
arn
ssEatll ou
lq
plll|]
rpalgl
BrJ.uoJs
JDr)^Js

sll8arljrs
aql
'ElIg
ailt JoJ l[IrDadsa
,soJdirrxa
rnssl
poog q]!,,t!
lpEaj
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fl,nod
plJY'sr:qdosol,rqd.pur:sl.apBrl
TErlrllod
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parrurrj
, .
.qr
Jo
ndsJ B uo t4 or.z
.(6661-000I)
wnlruslnur
tucJrr
$orr
oql
Jo
rldo)d
Fnurn[u]
tsoui
OOI
cqr s,{r^Jns
qrr,q,r

ar,nol
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slrn JoJ
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s8rrE Sur,rp^
IEJI fcuv
lql

pu!
'srplod 'Aorsru
'c)u3!rs 'ux
rn srsmoJ ,{'^rns
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JJo
Sunsnp
lJI
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aSoflo)
Eo.IJ
saloN

VSS3
lnsst
9NidO3S-H9tH
V
SSOdt
OO
01MOH
.
Anal\1icJt
NriLrn! (i
(xcrcis(5)
.
Composing
a fult-tcngah
lssuc
cssrl,(l
cs:,i1.)

of thc
fouo\\,ing
rhrcc
lssues.
l'our
ourline
should
conrxin
nores
for:
.
At
least
one
cxamplc
andlor
rcason
in
suppon
of
cach
maiD point
o
A ba.sic
posilion
or
rhesis (for
vour
introducrion
and

opposcd
to
i!:
."ln
ant
ficld
of eDdeavor,
an
indiviclual,s
bcst
critics
arc
tlc
individual's
own pcers
in thar
felcl."
2.
For
abe
folo*,in8
Issuc,
provide
an
outlnc
for
,rrce
body
par]graphs.
you,

adapt
to
unexpccted
problems
and
changing
crrcum.unccs'
3.
For
rhe
folloe/ing
lssue, provide
arl
outline
for
,/rrca
body
paragnphs.
you'll
probablv
nced
xt lcast
three paragraphs
to
examine
bodl
arerj
Lisred
and
to

cach
of the
following
Issucs,
compose
a tq/o.or
tffec-senrc.ncc
t trodudoq,
paraFrrph
rh.ll:
.
Rcvcrls
rie
comple
-r,v
ofrhe
issue
.
su8teess
a
Fencral
posrrion
on tfic
issuc
o
Anrjcjp?tes
$e
sFucturc
of rbc
essr],