1. The singer/the dancer/(the + career) + Proper name ⇒ The singer My Tam or My Tam singer
2. S + not only + V + + but also + V +
S + either + V + or +
S + V + +whether + S + V + + or
3. Generally/Individually/Particularly/Basically, S + V + O
4. Passive sentences: S (⇒ in living things ) + be + V
3/Ed
+ by ( S as a person can be used in
passive voice. But when looking at the S as things, please use V in passive )
5. S + V + + Without + Noun / Ving
6. (A/An) + Adv + Adj + Noun (Adverb of degree or Adv-ly)
Adverbs of degree : extremely, very, rather, quite, fairly, pretty.
Adj ⇒ Verb + ing or Verb + ed
Action Verbs + Adv-ly : Speaker fluently, dance beatyfully,
7. Exactly +Wh/H – words + S + + is/was not known (unknown).
Wh/H – words: When, what, /How

8. One of the + Singular Verb (V
-S/es
) + S + is/was + One of the
Short Adj. – est
Most + long Adj. + N (s/es)
First, second + Adj
Short Adj. – est
Most + long Adj. + N (s/es)
First, second + Adj

9. FULL ADVERB CLAUSES : Adv. Clause, Main clause

An appositive is a no
S, Noun phrase, + V + O +
EX : Na al Road, one of the first highwayThe tion s in North America, conected the East Coast to
the Ohio Valley. (appositive following a nown – The National Road)
EX : A famous frontiersman, Buffalo Bill operated his own Wild West Show. (appositive before
+ be + no longer + /S, Noun phrase, + V + no longer
the subject - Buffalo Bill).
S, Noun phrase,
phrase=A/An/The + Adv + Adj. + Noun Noun
airly, pretty.
14.
nger/ Not untill/ Not once/ At no time/ By no means/ Nowhere/ Never/
Note: Adv of degree: extremely, very, rather, quite, f
Adv of manner Adj. + ly Æ Adv-ly: beautifully
INVERSIONS
14.1. Not only/ No lo
Seldom= Rarely/Scarcely/ No sooner/Hardly + auxiliary verb + S + main Verb
EX: Not once was he on time.
14.2. rase/Only once/Only recently + auxiliary verb + S + main V Only in (on, at, by, ) + noun ph
EX: Only in an emergency should you use this exit.
14.3 fter/ + S+V+O + aux.V+ S +main V .Only if/Only because/Only untill/Only when/Only a
EX: Only when she is satisfied is the sale considered final
14 + V .4. So + Adj. or Participle(V
ING
/ V
ED
) + auxiliary verb + S
EX: So rare is this coin that it belong in a museum.
So confusing was the map
that we had to ask the police officer for dicrections.

16. AD
16.1.N
om S + V + + main Verb (Whom ÆObject)
)
hich ÆObject of Preposition)
3/ The man who is sitting next to you now is my teacher. (Adj. clause)
J. CLAUSE:
oun (people) who + V + + main Verb (Who ÆSubject)
16.2.Noun (people) wh
16.3.Noun (people) whose + Noun S + V + (Whose ÆPossessive)
16.4.Noun (things) which + V + main Verb (Which ÆSubject)
16.5.Noun (things) which + S + V + main Verb (Which ÆObject
16.6.Noun (things) Preposition + which + S + V + main Verb (W
EX: That is the top. I will write on it. ÆThat is a topic on which i will write (write on)
-Noun (Place) + where + S + V + + main Verb (WhereÆ adv of place)
EX: He is the site where the bank plans to build its new headquarters.
-Noun (Time) + when + S + V + (WhenÆ adv of time)
EX: This is the hour when the children ussually go to bed.
* When “which/ that/ whom” are used as objects in relative clauses, they can correctly be omitted.
hich omitted)
1
lauses that contain active verbs
EX: The painting Ms. Wallace bought is very expensive. (W
* Noun (people) who + V + to/in + main V ÆNoun to/in whom + V + main Verb
* In which ≈ where (it depends on the verb & preposition).
7. REDUCED (SHORTENED) ADJECTIVE CLAUSES
17.1.Present participles (V
-ing
) are used to reduce adjective c
O, MAIN VERB + O

ING
+ O + MAIN VERB + O
Noun (people) who + be V
3/ed
+ + main V Æ NOUN+ V
3/ed
+ O + MAIN VERB + O
17.4.Noun (things) which + V + main V Æ NOUN + V
ING
O + MAIN VERB + O
Noun (things) which + be V + main V Æ NOUN + V
ING
+ O + MAIN VERB + O
17.5. S
1
+ V + O, S
2
+ V + O (S
1
=S
2
) ⇒ V
-ing
/V
3/ed
+ , S
2
V + O ( S as thing ⇒ V
3/ed


20.3. WITH “THAT”: OBJECT
S + + That + S + V + O (NOUN CLAUSE)

(THE FACT/ THE REASON) + THAT + S + V + + MAIN VERB + (NOUN CLAUSE)
ADJ and ADJ
or NOUN
V
S/ES
V
2/ED
H V
ING

Will/ Can + V
1
V
22.
3/ED

ONE + ADJ
2
2 UN
S/ES
= ONE OF (ONLY ONE) + NOUN
S/ES

2 UTER (ADJ) : OUTER SPACE
*
21. PARRALLEL STRUCTURES:
ADV but ADV

6. OUT (PREPOSITION) O
Say, know, understand, think,
believe, hear, feel, rumor
4
IN INNER
28. V , S + V + O
TO + ANOTHER
30.
30.1. N
27. S + V + ADJ./ADV-LY + ENOUGH + (FOR S.O)+ TO – INF
S + V + ENOUGH + NOUN + TO – INF (V
1
)
WHATEVER + TYPE/KIND/SORT + OF + N +
29. S + V + FROM + TIME/PLACE + TO + TIME/PLACE
S + V + FROM ONE + SINGULAR NOUN +
• PREVENT/PROTECT FROM
• PREFER + N/V
ING
TO N/V
ING

NO/NOT
O : OBJECT
- S + HAVE/HAS/HAD + NO + SINGULAR UNCOUNT NOUN/ PLURAL NOUN
ERE + BE + NO + SINGULAR UNCOUNT NOUN/ PLURAL NOUN- TH
30.2. NO : SUBJECT
SINGULAR UNCOUNT NOUN + V
S/ES
+ O

36. S + V + O + IN THAT + S + V + O (IN THAT POINT)
37.
38. AS YOU/WE KNOWN + S + V + O

HUNDREDS/THOUNDSANDS/MILLIONS/BILLIONS/ + OF + PLURAL NOUN
NOUN +
EX: English as we know it is not hard to study.
39. MAYBE = PERHAPS BECAUSE + A CLAUSE/ BECAUSE OF + NOUN PHRASE
40. A/AN + + ADJ. – ADJ. – ADJ + SINGULAR NOUN.
EX: A four – month – old baby

5
41. ALLOW:
41.1. S + ALLOWS/ALLOWED + V
ING
+ EX: The teacher allows speaking loudy in class.
41.2. S + BE (NOT) + ALLOWED + TO + V
1
EX: He is not allowed to smoke here
IVES 42. INFINIT
42.1. S + V + to infinitive + O (infinitive as object of a verb)
EX: She forgot to read the directions.
She pretended to cry or She pretended not to know how to eat dog meat.
t of a verb) 42.2.To infinitive + O + singular V (infinitive as subjec
EX: To read the directions is important.
42.3. To/in order to + infinitive + O, S + V + O (Purpose)
EX: To learn how to cook, she took lessions.
42.4. It + Be + Adj + (For someone) to infinitive (infinitive after to be + Adj.)
EX: It is important to read the dicrections.
42.5. S + be + the first + person + to be + V

EX: We objected to her cutting class last week.
43.5.S + V + PREPOSITION + PROPER NAME’S +V
ING
+
EX: We objected to Alice’s cutting class last week.
43.6.V
ING
+ NOUN PHRASE + V
S/ES
+ O.
43.7. Not + V
ING
+ NOUN PHRASE + V
S/ES
+ O.
Singular S
(PLEASE GO TO ENCLOSED SHEETS OF GERUNDS)
6
Gerunds: V
ING
I. Defination: The gerund is a Verb + ing form used as a noun. It can function as a subject,
subject of a complement, object, object of a preposition.
EX:
1) Writting essays in English requires practice. (Subject)

iỏi về)/bad at(dở về)/successful
ộn)/excited about(hồi hộp)/ against/be
4. Ge
in(thành công)/capable of(có thể)/Busy with(bận r
or get + used to/
- EX: The chidren are excited about going on holiday.
rund sau các động từ nhất định + Giới từ sau:
Approved of: Chấp thuận - think of = think about : Nghĩ về -
n = count on = rely on: lệ thuộc vào
ceed in: thành công
o lắng về
5.
- Give up: Từ bỏ - depend o
- Be better off: tốt hơn - suc
- Put off: Dập tắt, trì hoãn - insist on: nài nỉ, đòi
- Worry about: L - keep on = go on = carry on: tiếp tục
Gerund sau các thành ngữ cố định:

- Look forward to: mong chờ, ngóng mong - take to: quan tâm
- It’s no use: mất công, không có lợi - can’t help: Không tránh khỏi, không thể không
- can’t stand = can’t bear: không chịu được
thể chống lại
- It’s worth: xứng đáng
- It’s no worth: Không xứng đáng - can’t resist: Không
- There is no + V
ING
- what a nuisance !: Phiền quá
7
- Be busy: bận - It’s much use: rất có lợi
EX: We are looking forward to seeing you soon.

ần 7 đ
ộng từ có
- Can’t stand=bear: không thể chịu đựng - prefer: thích hơn
- Dread: l
- *Stop: ngừng -*remember: nhớ -*forget: quên
- Allow: cho phép - Agree: đồng ý - advise: Khuyên bả
- Dislike: không thích - Attemp: nổ lực=*try: cố gắng, thử - Leav
- Mean: có nghĩa là - Permit: cho phép - plan: dự trù
- Regret: tiếc - : học -Propose:đề nghị - neglect: sao lãng
*: Tất cả các động từ ở ph ược dùng 2 cách (Gerund & Infinitive) mà ý nghĩa không
thay đổi, ngoại trừ 4 đ dấu *
EX
1
: He started studying after dinner = He ted to study star after dinner: sau bữa tối, anh
bắ đầu học.
ấy
t
EX
2
: She stopped studying English ≠She stopped to study English
(Cô ấy không học tiếng anh nữa ≠ Cô ấy ngừng làm một điều gì đó để học tiếng anh)
EX
3
: I remember locking the door before I left ≠ I remember to lock the door before I left
a cửa trước khi đi để (tôi đã khóa cửa rồi bây giờ tôi nhớ rõ việc này ≠ Tôi nhớ về việc khó
khóa)
EX
4
: I tried helping her but she failed ≠ I tried to help her
( tôi đã thử giúp bà ấy ≠ tôi đã cố giúp bà ấy)

nd) (Adj + Geru
EX
2
: Possesive noun: My father’ walking improves his health
(Noun’s Gerund)
9

She
told me (that) She hoped I would
5. ổi thì c a động t trong ngoặc kép nếu độ ừ giớ ệu ở quá khứ (said/ ) như sau:
Hiện tại Quá kh
Đ ủ ừ ng t i thi
ứ
Simple present (walk) Simple past (walked)
Present progressive (is walking) Past progressive (was walking)
Present perfect/simple past ( ct (had wwalked) has walked/walked) Past perfe
Past progressive (was walking) Past perfect progressive (had been walking)
Simple future (will walk) Conditional present (would walk)
Conditional present (would walk) Conditi alked) onal perfect (would have ww
Past perfect/ Conditional perfect
Không đổi 10
6. Đổi vài từ chỉ thời gian hoặc nơi chốn sau:

Direct Reported
Now Then
Today That day
Thi ng T s morni hat morning
To w The following day/the next day/the day after morro
Yesterday The day before / the previous day
Ago Before
This That
Æ I asked Mary where she was going then
sually says to me, “What time is it now?”
Æ She usually asks me What time it is th

11
• Rules: Gồm 8 bước:
1. Đổi say to thành ask/wonder/want to know/inquire
2. Bỏ dấu phẩy (,)
3. h If (liệu) /whether Đổi dấu ngoặc kép thàn (có không) nếu ở dạng 1 (YES/NO question). Còn
ở dạng 2 thì WH/H question giữ nguyên: what/who/where/when/why/how/
từ hoặc tính từ sở hữu cách giống như ở dạng câu xác định (Xem phần 4/I) 4. Đổi các đại danh
5. Chuyển chủ từ lên trước động từ thành câu xác định
Đổi thì của động từ trong ngoặc kép (hạ thì6. ) nếu động từ giới thiệu ở quá khứ (Xem phần 5/I)
7. Đổi các từ chỉ nơi chốn hay thời gian (Xem phần 6/I)
8. Đổi dấu chấm hỏi (?) thành dấu chấm (.).
• Lưu ý các điểm hết sức cần chú ý:
a) Trợ động từ must khi chuyển sang câu gián tiếp phải dùng had to, nhưng must not vẫn là
must not (nếu mang tính cấm đoán). Need not (needn’t) đổi thành did not have to.
EX:
The teacher said: “You must do the exercises carefully”
EX
Æ The teacher said that we had to do the exercises carefully.
:
The girls said, “You needn’t come with us if you do not want to”
Æ The girls said that =asked me I did not have to come with them if I did not want to.

Æ S + ask/asked + O + to V
1
+ O +
EX: She said to Bill, “Please wait for me here”
Æ She asked Bill to wait for her there.
2. Negative commands : Mệnh lệnh thức ở dạng phủ định
S + say/said to O, “Don’t/Never + V
1
+ O + , (please)”
Æ S + ask/asked + O + not to/never to +V
1
+ O
EX: She said to me, “Don’t touch anything in this room now, please”
Æ She ordered
me not to touch anything in that room then.
EX:
The officer always says to his men, “Never turn your backs to your enemies today”
Æ The officer always commands his men never to turn their backs to their enemies that day

• Rules:
1. Đổi say to thành ask/advise(khuyên)/order(ra lệnh)=command/ beg(van xin)/ warn(cảnh
báo) / request(đề nghị)=suggest.
2. ẩy (,).
4. c định thì đổi thành to+V
Bỏ dấu ph
3. Bỏ dấu ngoặc kép (“”)
Nếu câu trong ở dạng mệnh lện xá
1
, bỏ please (nếu có). Nếu câu
dạng mệnh lệnh phủ định thì đổi thành Not to/never to +Vtrong ngoặc kép ở

y
ingular S, along with + Noun phrase, singular Verb +
accompanied b
as well as
Ex: The actress, along with her manager and some friends, is going to a party tonight.
Singular V Singular S
Non-count noun + singular verb + O
2. Non of the +
Plural count noun + Plural verb + O
Ex: Non of the counterfeit money has been found.
ount N singular verb Non-c
Non of the students have finished the exam yet.
+ singular verb + O
. No +

Singular N & Non-count noun
3
Plural noun + Plural verb + O
Ex: No example is relevant to this case.
No examples are relevant to this case.
4. a. Neither nor
+ Noun + + Plural noun + Plural verb + O
Either or
Ex: Neither John nor his friends are going to the beach today.
b. Neither nor
+ O + Noun + + Singular noun + Singular verb
Either or
Ex:
Neither Jack or Bill is going to the beach today.
5. V-ing + Singular verb+ O ( V-ing: Gerund as Subjects)

Where + be
How do/does/di
Why
Where do you live?
10. a/. S + V + q stion word (When ) + S + V + (Embedded questions) ue
Ex: We have not find out where the meeting will take place.
b/. Auxiliary + S + V + question word + S + V + ?
Ex: Do you know where the meeting will take place?
as if
11. a/. S + V
S/ES
(present) + as though + S + V
2/ED
(past) ( như thể là )
Ex: He acts as though he were rich.
as if
b/. S + V
3/ED
(past) + as though + S + had + V
3/ED
(past perfect)
Ex: He looked as if he had seen a ghost. e didn’t see a ghost) (H
12. S + V
2/ED
+ O, S + would + V
1

Ex: When he was young, he would swim once a day.
13. S + used to +V
1

 W
3. a/. S
1
+ rather that + S
2
+ Verb in simple form ( Present subjunctive)
ould rather that: thích hơn
1
Ex: She would rather that he take this train. (take giữ nguyên mẫu)
b/. S
1
+ rather that + S
2
+ V
2/ED
+ ( Present contrary to fact)
Ex: John would rather that it were Spring now. (It is not Spring now)
) c/. S
1
+ rather that + S
2
+ had +V
3/ED
+ ( Past contrary to fact
Ex: John would rather that Jack had gone to class yesterday.
( Jack did not go to class yesterday).
Note: Negative form:
-
Would rather not + V
1

1
+ O ( phải : no choice)
Ex:
You must study tonight.
b/. S + must + be

+ N ( chắc có lẽ : not sure)
Ex: He must be a doctor.
c/. S + must have

+ V
3/D
+ O ( chắc có lẽ đã :a logic conclusion in the past)
Ex: It must have rained last night. (It probably rained last night).
18. S + have to + V
1
+ O ( phải = must).
Ex: He has to call his insurance agent today. (complete obligation).
19. S + V + the same + (noun) + as + noun/pronoun
Ex: My house is the same height as his.
20. S + V + different from + Noun
Ex: Their teacher is different from ours.
21. a/. S + V + Adj/Adv + enough + (for someone to + V
1
)
Ex: It is not cold enough for you to wear a heavy jacket.

16
b/. S + V + enough + Noun
Ex: Do you have enough sugar for the cake?.

Mary had John wash the car.
b/. S + get + someone + V
1
+ O. (Active)
Ex: Mary got John to wash the car.
past participle)
+ (by someone).

(passive) c/. S + have/get + something + V
3/ED (verb in
Ex: Mary had the car washed by John.
26. S + make + someone + V
1
+ O ( bắt ai làm gì)
Ex: The robber made the seller give him the money
27. S + let + O + V
1
( cho phép )
Ex: The teacher let the student leave class early
28. S + be + scared of + V
ing
+ O.
Ex:
She is scared of living on her own in such a big city.
Noun /Ving 29. S + reminds + someone + of +
Ex: That picture reminds me of the time when we loved each other.

17
1. It takes/took somebody + time + to infinitive (Ai đó mất bao lâu để làm gì )
. S + be + such2 + (a/an) + noun or S + be + so +adj + (a/an) + noun . như thế

6. Noun Clause ( that): S + say/believe/know/rumour (that)
- It is said/believed/known/rumoured/reported that + S + V Người ta nói/
rằng
- Hoặc S
*
+ be + said/ + tobe +
had bet
S + find that + S + V nhận thấy rằng
9. S + find + Sb. + to-infinitive Nhận thấy ai đó
10. S + happen + to-infinitive tình cờ
11. It happens/ed that S + V
12. Not until + S + had + V
3/ED
+ O + did + S + V
1
+ (Luôn đảo ngữ ở vế sau)
13. It was not until + time + that + S + V
2/ED
mãi cho đến thì
Or S + did not + V
1
+ O + until + time (time clause).
14. The only/first/last + Noun + to + V
1
+ O + be + Noun
The only/first/last + Noun + who/which + V (usually V
2/ED
) + be + Noun
15. S + spend/waste + time + V
ing
23. S + see + Sth. + V
3/ED
(by )

24. S + shake hands with someone bắt tay với ai

e kết bạn với ai

be + V
3/ED25. S + make friends with someon
26. Let + someone + V
1
+ Sth. or Let + Sth./yourself +

18
MAKE: LÀM, SẢN XUẤT, CHẾ TẠO RA
1. Make cake : Làm bánh
2. Make noise
ise = promise

= progress
rn momey

9. Make a mistake : phạm lỗi
10. Make decision = : đưa đến quyết định
♣ make up one’s mind : quyết định

THỰC HIỆN
1
: làm bài tập về
3. Do exercise : tập thể dục
4. Do + Someone a favour = h :giúp ai
5. Do a job/work : làm việc
6. Do shopping = go shopping : mua sắm
7. Do business : kinh doan
IONS
: có gì ă
3. Take (a) pride in : tự hào về
4. Take cold : cảm lạnh
5. Show zeal for : tỏ ra sốt sắ
6. Say not so : chớ có nói
7. save one’s brea : làm thinh
8. Ask me ano : không biết, đưn
9. Bear/keep in mind : Ghi nhớ, m
10. Come to life : Cải tử hoàng sinh
11. Come true : trở thành sự thật
12. Do good : làm việc thiện, làm
13. Do one’s ne : đi vệ sinh
14. Refuse fo : khả năng từ chối
I very much

19
GIỚI TỪ WITH

5. Compete with/again : cạnh tranh, đ
6. Comfier with :làm lúng túng
7. Comply with : tuân theo, chiều theo
8. Contrast with/t :làm tương phản với
9. Cope with :đối phó, đương đầu
10. Correspon with :tương ứng với, phi hợ
11. Finish with :hoàn tất
12. Help with/in : giúp đỡ
13. Disgust with : căm ghé
14. Interfere with : gây trở n
15. Interface in : xen vào, c
16. Mix with : dính dáng, giao thiệp, h
17. Be occupied : choáng, chiếm chổ
18. Part with : chia lìa, từ biệt
19. Please with : hài lòng với
20. Quarrel w : cải nhau với ai/
21. Reason with : viện lý lẽ
22. Satisfied with : hài lòng với, làm mãn ngu
23. Threaten with : đe dọa, làm
RASE
: mời vào
3. Come to : đến, lên tới, hồi tỉnh lại, tình ngộ
4. Break up : vỡ từng mảnh, giải tán, chia ly, sụt lở
5. Beak dow :đập vỡ, kiệt sức, vỡ nợ, bị phá sản
6. Break in : đánh bể, tập
7. Break off : giới hạn, hủy bỏ, thủ tiêu, rời ra
8. Make out : đặt, xác minh
9. Make up : Gồm có, chứa đựng, bao hàm
10. Put on wei : lên cân, mập ra, béo ra
11. Turn down : gấp, gập xuống, bẽ, lụi, bác bỏ

6. Attend to : chú ý đến
7. Belong to : thuộc về
8. Challenge : thách đố, th
9. Compare to : so sánh vớ
10. Be condemn t : kết án, kết tội ( tử hìn
11. Confess to : thú nhận, thú
12. Confine to : Giam giữ, giam cầm
13. Consent to : đồng ý, hài lòng
14. Convert to :biến đổi, đổi
15. Entitle to : cho đề tựa ( tên sá
16. Listen to : lắng nghe
17. Mention to : đề cập đến
18. Object to : phản đối, c
Object to (Vi : ghét, không
19. Occur to : xảy ra, tình cờ, ngẫu
20. Prefer to : thích hơn
21. Reply to : đáp trả, trả lời
22. Respond t : phản ứng lại,
23. See to : chuẩn bị
24. Submit to : chịu phục tùng, đệ trìn
25. Surrend : đầu hàng
26. Turn to : Biến thành, trở thành, hóa thành
27. Refer to : liên hệ đến
28. Look for : trông mong
RASE
1. Put up with Sb. : chịu đựng ai
: giương,
3. Put Sb. up : cho ai trọ lại
4. Put out = to extinguish : dặp tắt (lửa)
5. Put on ≠ tak : mặc vào ≠ cở

./on Sth. ì động cơ
. / Wait on Sth. iều gì
1. Attend at : tham d
:làm buồ
3. Arrive at/i : đến ( một thị trấn
4. Be astonish at : gây ngạc nhiên
5. Call at = stop : ngừng lại
6. Exclaim at : la to
7. Glance at : nhìn lướt, n
8. Guess at : đoán
9. Knock at : gõ vào (cửa, )
10. Look at : nhìn v
11. Point at/to :điểm vào, chỉ vào
12. Shock at : bị xúc động b
13. Stare at : nhìn đăm đăm
14. Surprise at/by : gây ngạc nhiên
15. Wonder : tự hỏi về, ngạc
16. Work at/on : làm việc tại
TỪ FOR
1. Account for : giải thích, cắ
: hỏi về
3. Act for/on :hành động vì
4. Appologize : xin lỗi
5. Blame for :mắng, chửi về
6. Beg for : khẩn cầu, v
7. Call for : gọi, đến tìm
8. Charge f : tính giá, đòi trả
9. Exchang :đổi ra
10. Hope for : hy vọng ở
11. Look for : tìm kiế