Cách dùng câu tường thuật - Reported Speech
The priest said (that) he saw her legs.
We use reported speech when we want to repeat what someone had previously
said.
Let's look at the difference between direct speech and reported speech:
Direct Speech - The priest said = 'I see her legs.'
Reported Speech = 'The priest said (that) he saw her legs.'
Trong câu tường thuật chúng ta cần dùng động từ ở thì quá khứ. Như các bạn thấy
ở ví dụ trên "
see" được đổi thành "saw" khi chúng ta chuyển sang câu tường thuật.
Câu tường thuật có nghĩa là ta thuật lại những gì mà người khác đã
nói do vậy
phải dùng thì quá khứ.
Đổi sang thì quá khứ để tạo câu tường thuật
Đây là một số động từ quan trọng được đổi khi chúng ta dùng câu tường thuật:
am becomes was
Direct John: 'I am going.'
Reported: 'John said that he was going.'
is becomes was
Direct John: 'She is tall.'
Reported: 'John said that she was tall.'
do becomes did
Direct John: 'I always do my homework.'
Reported: 'John said that he always did his homework.'
does becomes did
Direct John: 'My mother does the cleaning.'
Reported: 'John said that his mother did the cleaning.'
have becomes had
Direct John: 'I have your number.'
Reported: 'John said that he had my number.'
has becomes had

Câu hỏi dùng từ để hỏi Wh-
Direct John: 'What is your name?'
Reported: 'John asked me what my name was.'
Direct John: 'Where does she live?'
Reported: 'John asked me where she lived.'
Câu hỏi dùng
if / whether
Direct John: 'Does he play golf?'
Reported: 'John asked if he played golf.'
Reported: 'John asked whether he played golf.'
Dùng câu tường thuật để đề nghị
Như bạn đã thấy, '
said' được dùng trong câu khẳng định và 'asked' được dùng cho
câu hỏi. Chúng ta sẽ dùng '
told' cho đề nghị và 'to' đứng trước mệnh đề:
Direct John: 'Go home'
Reported: 'John told me to go.'
Direct John: 'Stop crying'
Reported: 'John told me to stop crying.'
Dùng gợi ý trong câu tường thuật - suggestions
Chúng ta cho ai đó lời khuyên trong câu trực tiếp, thì chúng ta sử dụng 'suggested'
hoặc 'recommended' trong câu tường thuật:
Direct John: 'You should take a holiday'
Reported: 'John suggested that I took a holiday.'
Direct John: 'You should take a holiday'
Reported: 'John recommended that I took a holiday.'
Với những câu có tính chất mạnh mẽ hơn, chúng ta có thể dùng '
insist' hay
'
demand':

He said that he had lost his phone.
He said that lost his phone.
He said he losts his phone.
He said he has loses his phone.
• 'Do you want a coffee?'

He asked I wanted a coffee.
He said if I wanted a coffee.
He asked if I wanted a coffee.
He asked if I wants a coffee.
• 'Are you Simon?'

She asked whether I Simon.
She asked whether if I was Simon.
She asked whether I was Simon.
She asked whether am simon.
• 'Why do you like Jazz?'

She asked why I liked Jazz.
She asked if I like Jazz.
She ask why I like Jazz.
She asked why I likes Jazz.
• 'Bring your ball.'

He asked me if I brought my ball.
He tells me to bring my ball.
He told me bring a ball.
He told me to bring my ball.
• 'You must come to my party.'