17

B. C
Thêm 


___________________________________________________________________
Bài tập chương 2:



18

Chương 3: Các kỹ thuật suy diễn và lập luận
3.1. Nhập môn


- 
nference (CT, KL, set of facts) và KQ: boolean
 R: set of rule
- 


 metaknowledge)
+ phân rã CSTT SD phân tán
SD song song


D: 1) a

b
2) b

c
3) c

e
4) c

d
5) d

e

f
6) b

h
7) f

h

g

T


h}
F
0
= {b, c, d, b, h}


rã CSTT

eval({F
1
, F
2
})

min
- Mô hình star

a b c
c
e d

f

h g

- 
- 
3.3. Mô tơ suy diễn




VD: 1) a

b
2) b

c
3) c

e
4)c

d
GT = {a}
{a}
f
min {a,b} min {a,b,c} {a,b,c,d}

{a}

{a, b}

{a, b, c} {a, b, h} 5) d

e

f
6) b

h
7) f

h

g
21 

1) GT


T.Gian

T.Gian

{q}
r: left



C

= 0(BH)
 



{g} {f, h} {d, e, h}

{g}

{f} {h}

{d} {e} {}

{c} {c} {a}

{b}

r
r
1
f
r
5

1
A

B

c
r
2
A

C

B GT = {a, b, hc}
r
3
B

C

A KL = {c}
r
4
a

hc

A 
r
5
b

(GT, KL, R) B
L
(GT, KL, R)
H
T
(GT, KL, R) H
L
(GT, KL, R)
B
T
= max B
T
(GT, KL, R)

T
H
L

- B
T
- B
L


T

VD:
r
1
A


ma

c 10) a

b

c

P
3) a

b

mb

c 11) a

b

c

m
c

4) A

B

C 12) a

R

A 15) b

S

hb
8) b

R

B 16) S

p

r
F
1
= {a, b, C}

R
1
= {r
1
, r
2
}
F
2
= {a, b, m

= {a, h
c
}

R
5
= {r
5
}
F
6
= {b, h
c
}

R
6
= {r
6
}
F
7
= {a, R}

R
7
= {r
7
}
F

10
= {r
12
}
F
11
= {b, S}

R
11
= {r
15
}
F
12
= {S, p}

R
12
= {r
16
}

B
m
T
= max (2, 1, 4) = 4

_
T

h
b
có 1
r có 1
ta Knowlegde)
1. If B
T
> B
L
Lùi
2. If B
T
> B
L

3. If B
T
= B
L



 - Rule Conflict)
1. Suy diễn tiến





q/ left

h
(r) (heurestic)

Max/ min (extremum)

- # VET


- 

min
VD: (*)
Gt = {a, b, R}, Kl = {p}
{a, b, R} {a, b, R, A} {a b R A B} {a bR AB} {a b RABCc}
VET = {r
7
, r
8
, r
4
, r
1
, r
9
, r
10
, r
11
}
A B C c P

r
8
r
4
r
11
r
13
r
9
r
10
r
11
} (3)
LIFO VET = {r
8
r
7
r
4
r
13
r
15
r
1
r
9
r

r
8

4
r
4

1,13

26



Vd (*)
h

1
(r) =

{a b R A}
8


{a b R A B}
4

{a b R A B C}
1,13



h

1
(r
7
)=kc(A,p)=3
h

1
(r
8
)=kc(B,p)=3
h

1
(r
1
)=kc(c,p)=1

11
)=kc(p,p)=0
Ch r
1
Ch r
11
h
c
R

A B
C
a b
m
a
c m
b
m
c
P p h
a
S
h
b

r