27


#VET +Complexity
h

x m

RPG=(R,A)


r



q

q





VD:



2
(r)

min

GT={a b R}, KL={r}
{a,b,r}
7,8


{a b R A}
8


{a b R A B}
4

{a b R A B C}
1,13


{a b R A B C
c}
9,10,11



h


r
8
r
3
r
11
r
16 r
14

r
12
r
15

28

h

2
(r
8
)=kc
RPG
(r
8
, r

(r
15
)=kc
RPG
(r
15
, r
16
)=


h

2
(r
10
)=kc
RPG
(r
10
, r
10
)=1
h

2
(r
11
)=kc
RPG


 ùi:
al=KL
Xét f




+ - 
- 
+ 
h

(r)



VD:
GT={a b R}
{S}
12,13,14


{a b c p}

{a b m
b
p}



Kc(GT, left)=max(b,a)
b

GT
VD: GT={a b R}, KL={S}
{S}
12,13,14


{a b c p}

{a b m
b
p}


h

3
(r
12
)=kc(a b R,a h
a
)=


h

3
(r

c
)=


h

3
(r
8
)=kc(a b R,b R)= 0

* Cách tính
h

4
(r)?
h

4
(r)=kc
RPG
(R
GT
, r)

h

4
(r)




q/ left

TGian}

y
heuristic.
Ch r
13
Ch r
7
Ch r
8
(H ch các  viên)
30



h

() =

/min XACDINH (f) = {r; left

f}



XACDINH (f)



SS(UV,XZ)
2.SS(UV,XY)

SS(UV,ST)

SS(ST,XY)
3.SS(XY,UV)

SS(XZ,UV)

Thang(X,Y,Z)
4.SS(XY,UV)

Thang(X,Y,Z)

SS(UV,XZ)




SS(XY,UV)

SS(UV,XY)
SS(XY,UV)

SS(VU,YX)

GT: 

), (r
1
,

2
), (r
1
,

3
), (r
1
,

4
)}


1
= {A/X; B/Y; C/Z; P/U; Q/V}


2
= {C/X; Q/Y; P/Z; E/U; J/V}


3
=



,

2
), (r
1
,

3
), (r
1
,

4
)


i
,

i
)

tron



KL SS(IJ, BC)






k 


1. a

b

c
2. d

e

f
3. c

e

g
Th
là t v
Làm vi ch y v
ph so th tri th
33

4. d

b




KL}
= {f c g h}



={f/

(f,g)

FPG, g

KL}


xa
= {f/





g, g

KL}
TRÁI=

m
ii

g, g

KL}

 \ 

TRÁI={ a b c m n f g h}

 \ 
3.5.1.3



f





34 
 




 





p
n


q

1

n




 35


G
D
MTSD
CSTT
36 
- 
 


- 


nxm
T

- 

3.5.2.3. Why?
 

