UNIT 13 FESTIVALS
Grammar:
1. COMPOUND WORDS WITH noun – V-ing
Hãy nhận xét cách thành lập tính từ ghép trong ví dụ sau:
- The people who love peace => The peace-loving people
- The story that breaks our heart => The heart-breaking story.
Hãy nhận xét cách thành lập danh từ ghép trong ví dụ sau:
- Stamp collecting
- Window shopping
Danh từ ghép có thể được thành lập bởi sự kết hợp giữa một danh từ với một danh động từ.
Noun + gerund = compound noun
Ex:
Noun
rice
water
fire
lorry
clothes
Gerund
cooking
fetching
making
driving
washing
Compound noun
rice-cooking
water-fetching
fire-making
lorry-driving
clothes washing
2. Causative form (Thể sai khiến)

> Tom said he liked reading books.
-Ngôi thứ 2: you, yours, your, yourself, yourselves được đổi theo ngôi của tân ngữ của mệnh đề
tường thuật.
He said to me, “You can take my book”.
> He said to me (that) I could take his book”.
Ngôi thứ 2 được đổi thành ngôi thứ 3 nếu mệnh đề tường thuật không có tân ngữ.
He said, “You can take my book”.
> He said she could take his book”.
-Ngôi thứ ba: he, him, his, himself, they, them, their, theirs, themselves giữ nguyên
VD: Mai said, “They can’t finish their homework”.
> Mai said they couldn’t finish their homework”.
2-Đổi thì:
Khi chuyển từ câu trực tiếp sang câu gián tiếp ta phải lùi 1 thì :
Trực tiếp Gián tiếp
+Hiện tại đơn
+Hiện tại tiếp diễn
+Quá khứ đơn
+Hiện tại hoàn thành
+Quá khứ tiếp diễn
+Hiện tại hoàn thành tiếp diễn.
+Tương lai thường: Will/ shall
+Tương lai hoàn thành
+Qúa khứ hoàn thành
+Các câu điều kiện
+ Is/am/are going to do
+ Can/may/must do
>Quá khứ đơn
>Quá khứ tiếp diễn
>Quá khứ hoàn thành
>Quá khứ hoàn thành tiếp diễn

He would do
He would be doing
He would have done
He might do
He might be doing
He could do
He could have done
He had to do
Các thay đổi khác:
Các đại từ nhân xưng và đại sở hữu khi chuyển từ lời nóitr ực tiếp sang lời nói gián tiếp thay đổi
như bảng sau:
ĐẠI TỪ CHỨC NĂNGTRỰC TIẾPGIÁN TIẾP
Đại từ
nhân xưng
Chủ ngữ I he, she
we they
you they
Tân ngữ me him, her
us them
you them
Đại từ
sở hữu
Phẩm định my his, her
our their
your their
Định danh mine his, her
ours theirs
yours theirs
3-Đổi từ chỉ thời gian, nơi chốn:
Trực tiếp Gián tiếp

-Bỏ ngoặc kép, bỏ dấu phẩy thay bằng that.
-Thay đổi thì, từ chỉ thời gian và nơi chốn, ngôi cho phù hợp với nghĩa của câu (nếu có)
*Công thức:
Trực tiếp: S + said, “ Clause”
>Gián tiếp: S + said + (that) Clause (lùi thì)
VD: Lan said: “I am a student”.
>Lan said (that) she was a student.
2-Dạng câu trực tiếp là câu cầu khiến, câu mệnh lệnh:
*Cách chuyển:
-Đổi động từ say >tell, said >told, sau đó thêm tân ngữ vào sau nó.
-Bỏ dấu phẩy, dấu ngoặc kép, dấu chấm than, từ please (nếu có).
-Đổi đại từ nhân xưng, tính từ sở hữu, trạng từ chỉ thời gian, nơi chốn (nếu cần thiết)
*Công thức:
+Khẳng định: Trực tiếp: S + say/ said, “V…”
>Gián tiếp: S + tell/ told + O + to + V…….
VD: She said, “Close the books, please!”
>She told the students to close the books.
+Phủ định: Trực tiếp: S + say/ said, “Don’t + V…”
>Gián tiếp: S + tell/ told + O + not + to + V…….
VD: She said, “Don’t sit down!”
>She told me not to sit down
II-practice:
I. Matching
Nấu cơm
Nhóm lửa
Lấy nước
Leo núi
Xây nhà
Cắm hoa
arranging- flowers

A. He told her to give up smoking. B. He told her not to give up smoking.
C. He told her if she gave up smoking. D. He told her to giving up smoke.
2) He told them, “Don't tell me such a nonsense!”
A. He told them not to tell him such a nonsense. B. He told them to tell him such a
nonsense.
C. He told them not to tell them such a nonsense. D. He told them to tell them such a nonsense.
3) Will and Tim said, “ We were very happy about the present.”
 Will and Tim said they ____ very happy about the present.
A. had been B. been C. were D. were
being
4) Sarah said, “ My Mom takes me to school every day.”
A. Sarah said her Mom took her to school every day.
B. Sarah said her Mom takes her to school every day.
C. Sarah said my Mom took her to school every day.
D. Sarah said her Mom takes me to school every day.
5) Helen said, “ I’m watching the late night show.”
Helen said ____ the late night show.
A. they were watching B. you watched C. she was watching D. Helen is watching
V. Imperatives : Mệnh lệnh
Direct speech Indirect speech
Affirmative
Imperative
khẳng định
V
1
+ ……
Mike said to Henry, “Give me my
book back, please.”
S+ told / asked B + to + V
1

→ The mother ………………………… ………………
My sister said to me, “ Open the window.”
→ My sister ………………………… ………
II. Change into reported speech: Negative Imperatives:
1. He said to me:” Don’t make a noise.”
→ ………………………… ………………………………………………
She said to the passer-by:” Don’t turn left at the two blocks ahead.”
→ ………………………… …………………………
She said to her classmate:” Don’t talk in class.”
→ ………………………… …………………………………
The teacher said to his student:” Don’t touch that new board.”
→ ………………………… …………………………………
She said to me:” Don’t believe everything your friend tells you.”
→ ………………………… ……………
He said to us, "Don't go too far."
→ He ………………………… ……
The mother said to her son, “ Don’t put off your coat, please.”
→ The mother ………………………… …………
My sister said to me, “Don’t open the window.”
→ My sister ………………………… …
VI. Questions in indirect speech
Direct speech Indirect speech
1. Yes / No questions
1. “Do you know My Son, Nga?” Nhi
asked.
2. “Is My Son far from Hanoi? Nhi asked.
3. He said, “Will you be here tomorrow?”
4. “Is there a post office near here?” she
asked me.
1. S+ asked B + if / whether + S + V

6. “What aspect of learning English do the students find most difficult?”
 The teacher asked me………………………… ………
7. “What time do schools begin?”
 He asked………………………… …………………
8. “How long will you stay in England?”
 Tam’s friend asked him…………………………
9. “What do you think about language learning?”
 Ba asked his sister………………………… ……
10. “Why is she crying?”
 Thu asked Hoa………………………… …
II. Change into reported speech: (Yes / No questions: )
1. “Do you like sports?”
 Hoa asked Lan………………………… ………
2. “Does Hoa play soccer?”
 Lan asked Thu…………………………
3. “Will it rain tomorrow morning?”
 She asked her friend…………………………
4. “Are Tam and Hoa late for class?”
 Tuan asked Lan…………………………
5. “Do you need an umbrella to go out?”  He asked me…………………………
6. “Have you worked here before?” She said to him
……………………………………………………………………………………………
1. “Do you have to work on Saturday?” she said to him
.…………………………………………………………………………………………
2. “Does your room have a window?” she asked
.…………………………………………………………………………………………
3. Would it be alright if I had the day off?” she said to her boss.
.…………………………………………………………………………………………
4. Can you borrow your pen please, HA? She asked
.…………………………………………………………………………………………

10. Phong said “My parents are very proud of my good marks.”
 Phong said………………………… ………………………………………
VIII) A new student ,Paul, has come to a foreign language college and the students are asking
him questions .
Imagine that he reports these questions later to an English friend .
1) “What country do you come from?” said Bill
Bill asked
2) “Can you speak English ? said Ann.
Ann
3) “ How long are you staying here ? “ asked Peter .
Peter
4) “ Are you working as well as studying ? “ said Linda.
Linda
5“What are you going to studying ?” asked Ann.
Ann
6) “Do you want to buy any second hand books ? “ said Bill.
Bill
7)” What kind of sports do you like best ?” asked Peter.
Peter
8) “ Are you interested in acting? “ said Linda .
Linda
9) “ Do you like to join our Drama group?” asked Linda
Linda
10) “ What do you think of the canteen coffee ?”asked Ann .
Ann
IX. Rewrite these sentences:
1. Minh said:” Please buy me a new book, Mom.”

2. Hoa said to her brother:” Please help me with my homework.”


-> Mary told me that he had seen me the previous day
I . Complete the sentence the reported sentences
1. I do the task. -> He said he ……………………………………… the task.
2. I am doing the task . -> He said he ………………………………… the task.
3. I have done the task. -> He said he ……………………………… the task.
4. I did the task. -> He said he ……………………………………… the task.
5. I had done the task. -> He said he ……………………………………… the task.
6. I will do the task. -> He said he ……………………………………… the task.
7. I will be doing the task. -> He said he ……………………………………… the task.
8. I was doing the task-> He said he ……………………………………… the task.
9. I can do the task. -> He said he ……………………………………… the task.
10. I could do the task. -> He said he ……………………………………… the task.
11. I met her. -> She said she …………………………………… her
12. I can go now. -> He said he ……………………………… then
13. The girl looks familiar. -> I said the girl …………………………. familiar
14. Mary was watching TV now. -> She said Mary …………………………… TV then
15. They have left. -> She said that they ……………………………………………
16. She bought a new bicycle. -> He said she ………………………………… a new bicycle.
17. She would do that if she could -> I said she …………………… that if she
18. We are playing games. -> The children said they ………………………… games.
19. I had done that before yesterday afternoon. -> she said she ………………. The before
yesterday afternoon.
20. I don’t like her. ->He said he …………………………………… her.
21. I don’t know him. -> She said she …………………………………… him
22. I can help you. -> He said he ………………………………… me.
23. I haven’t finished my exercises -> he said that he ………………………… his exercises.
24. I will phone you later. -> He said he ……………………………………… her later.
25. I nust go now ->he said he ……………………………………… then.
II. Complete the sentences
1. I like you. -> She said to me she liked ……………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………
8. Marry said “You can come and stay at my flat if you are ever in London.
………………………………………………………………………………………………
9. He said to me “You are looking much better”
………………………………………………………………………………………………
10. He said “Ann will be in Paris on Monday”
………………………………………………………………………………………………
11. He said “I can’t find my hat”
………………………………………………………………………………………………
12. He said “I’ll be using the car myself on the 24
th

………………………………………………………………………………………………
13. He said “I’m going to the cinema tomorrow”
………………………………………………………………………………………………
14. He said “I’m living in Paris now”
………………………………………………………………………………………………
15. He said “My wife has been made a judge”
………………………………………………………………………………………………
16. He said “She is coming this week”
………………………………………………………………………………………………
17. I said to him “Your car has been stolen”
………………………………………………………………………………………………
18. She said “My father died a year ago”
………………………………………………………………………………………………
19. She said “He couldn’t understand me well”
………………………………………………………………………………………………
20. She said to me “I’ll come as soon as I can”
………………………………………………………………………………………………
21. The soldiers said proundly “We’re willing to die for this country”