I. Choose the best answer.
1. We soon got the machine _______ again.
a. to work b. work c. working d. worked
2. I caught him _______ over my wall.
a. to climb b. climb c. having climbed d. climbing
3. I hate _______ a child _______ .
a. see/ crying b. see/ cry c. seeing / to cry d. seeing / cry
4. I observed a blue car ________ very fast towards the motorways.
a. having driven b. driven c. driving d. drove
5. The girls lay ______ on the grass.
a. to scream b. screaming c. having screamed d. scream
6. I noticed a lorry ______ down the hill.
a. to come b. came c. coming d. having come
7. The police accused him of _______ fire to the building but he denied having been in the area on
the night of the fire.
a. setting b. set c. to set d. having set
8. _______ that he was poor, I offered to pay his fare.
a. Know b. Having known c. Knowing d. Knew
9. When the painter felt the ladder _______ to slip, he grabbed the gutter to save him from
_______ .
a. to begin/ falling b. began/ falling c. beginning/ falling d. begun/ falling
10. _______ that he wouldn’t be able to buy food on his journey he took large supplies with him.
a. Knowing b. Know c. Having known d. Knew
11. He sees me _____ his house everyday.
a. pass b. passing c. to pass d. having passed
12. The girl ______ with her toys is my younger sister.
a. playing b. play c. having played d. played
13. I won’t have him ______ his bike in the kitchen.
a. clean b. cleaning c. having cleaned d. cleaned
14. Jane is busy ______ for the school concert.
a. to practice b. practice c. practicing d. having practiced

a. having seen b. to have seen c. having been seen d. to have been seen
6. _______ in dark colors, the room needed some bright lights.
a. Having painted b. To have painted
c. Having been painted d. To have been painted
7. The stockbroker denied ________ of the secret business deal.
a. having informed b. to have informed
c. having been informed d. to have been informed
8. They now reget ______ their son by providing too many material possessions.
a. having spoiled b. to have spoiled
c. having been spoiled d. to have been spoiled
9. _______ to the party, we could hardly refuse to go.
a. Having invited b. To have invited
c. Having been invited d. To have been invited
10. Tom made a bad mistake at work, but his boss didn’t fire him. He’s lucky ______ a second
chance.
a. having given b. to have given c. having been given d. to have been given
11. Are you sure you told me? I don’t recall ______ about it.
a. having told b. to have told c. having been told d. to have been told
12. _______ the book, he had a holiday.
a. Having completed b. to have completed
c. having been completed d. to have been completed
13. The accident seems_______ at around 1.00 p.m. yesterday.
a. to have happened b. having happened
c. having been happened d. to have been happened
14. Last year I studied abroad. I appreciate _______ the opportunity to live and study in a foreign
country.
a. having been had b. having had c. to have had d. to have been
had
15. _______ all the papers, Sarah put them back in the file.
a. To have photocopied b. Having photocopied

IV. Rewrite the sentences beginning with an appropriate participle ( present, past or perfect).
1. When she saw the dog coming towards her, she quickly crossed the road.

2. If it is looked after carefully, the plant can live through the winter.

3. As I don’t have a credit card, I found it difficult to book an airline ticket over the phone.

4. Keith spent a lot of time filling in job application forms because he was unemployed.

5. Because I was walking quickly, I soon caught up with her.

6. The house was built of wood, so it was clearly a fire risk.

7. I was eager to catch the bus in good time because I had been told off the day before for arriving
late.

8. She didn’t know where the theater was, so she asked for directions at the hotel reception.

9. As she was a nurse, she knew what to do after the accident.

10. He had spent his childhood in Oslo so he knew the city well.

11. The fruit was expensive because it was imported.

12. We has spent nearly all our money so we couldn’t afford to stay at a hotel.

13. As we didn’t want to offend him, we said nothing about his paintings.

14. Although James is known mainly as a write of novel, he has now written a successful biography.