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HỌC$TIẾNG$ANH$CÙNG$CÔ$MAI$PHƯƠNG$TẠI$MOON.VN$
1"

I/ - SENTENCE BUILDINGS (CÁC CẤU TRÚC CÂU HAY THI)

S + BE + ADJ + TO_INF
I am happy to see you here.
S + BE + ADJ + CLAUSE.
I’m sorry (that) you can’t come. (Tôi rất tiếc là bạn không thể đến được.)
S + BE/V + TOO + ADJ/ADV + (FOR + O) + TO_INF
( quá nên không thể )
S + BE/V + ADJ/ADV + ENOUGH + (FOR + O) + TO_INF
( đủ để làm gì )
Tom is old enough to go to school. (Tom đủ tuổi để đi học)
IT + BE + ADJ + (FOR + O) + TO_INF
It is important for everybody to know English.
(Mọi người biết Tiếng Anh thì rất quan trọng)
IT + BE + ADJ + THAT _ CLAUSE.
It is splendid that you passed the exam.
IT + BE + ADJ + OF + O + TO_INF
It’s kind of you to help me. (Bạn thật tử tế khi đã giúp tôi)
IT + BE + ADJ + THAT + S + (SHOULD) + BARE INF
It’s necessary that we (should) study English regularly.
(Thật là cần thiết khi chúng ta học tiếng Anh thường xuyên)
IT WAS NOT UNTIL THAT (Mãi cho đến mới )
It was not until midnight that the noise next door stopped.
(Mãi đến nửa đêm tiếng ồn trước nhà mới hết)
S + BE/GET + USED TO + N/V_ing (Quen với)
I am used to staying up late.
I am used to the heat because I have been living here for a long time.

He has worked as a pilot since he left university.
(Anh ấy đã làm phi công từ khi anh ấy học xong đại học)
IT IS + TIME + SINCE + S + SIMPLE PAST (Đã kể từ khi )
It is over six months since John last had his hair cut. (Đã 6 tháng kể từ khi John cắt tóc)
IT + BE + PHRASE + THAT CLAUSE (chính là )
It is the manager, not his assistant, that I want to see.
(Chính ông quản lí, chứ không phải người phụ tá của ông ấy, là người tôi muốn gặp)
NEITHER + S1 + NOR + S2 + V (cả lẫn đều không )
(động từ chia theo chủ ngữ đứng sau “nor”)
Neither my brother nor I am good at French. /Neither I nor my brother is good at French
(Cả anh của tôi và tôi đều không giỏi tiếng Pháp)
NOT ONLY BUT ALSO / BUT AS WELL. (Không những mà còn )
He not only spent all his money but also borrowed some from me.
(Không những anh ấy tiêu hết tiền mà còn mượn một ít của tôi)
NOT ONLY + AUX + S1 + V + BUT + S2 + ALSO / AS WELL.
(Không những mà còn - đảo ngữ của mẫu câu trên)
Not only did he refuse to take the medicine but he also hit the nurse.
S1 + HAD + NO SOONER + PP + THAN + S2 + SIMPLE PAST
S1 + HAD + HARDLY/SCARELY + PP + WHEN + S2 + SIMPLE PAST
( vừa mới thì )
I had no sooner opened the door than the telephone rang.
(Tôi vừa mở cửa vào thì điện thoại reo)
I had scarely closed the door when somebody started to knock.
(Tôi vừa đóng cửa thì có ai đó gõ cửa)
NO SOONER + HAD + S + PP + THAN + S + SIMPLE PAST
HARDLY/SCARELY + HAD + S + PP + WHEN + S + SIMPLE PAST
No sooner had he arrived than he was asked to leave again.
NO MATER HOW + ADJ/ADV + S + V , (Dù thế nào đi nữa )
No matter how intelligent you may be, you should be careful about this.
(Dù bạn thông minh thế nào đi nữa thì bạn cũng nên cẩn thận về điều này)

That we should keep calm is important → I think it important that we should keep calm.
(Quan trọng là chúng ta phải giữ bình tĩnh)

TOO + ADJ + FOR + TO_INF → SO + ADJ + THAT
SUCH + (A + ADJ) + N + THAT
The tea was too hot for me to drink. (Trà nóng quá tôi không thể uống)
→ The tea was so hot that I couldn’t drink it. (Trà nóng đến nỗi tôi không thể uống được)
→ It was such hot tea that I couldn’t drink it. (Đõ là một tách trà nóng đến nỗi tôi k thể uống đc)

It is time for S.b to do S.th = it's time that S.b did smth
eg: It's very high time for you to go now.
> It's very high time that you went now.
(Lưu ý đôi khi nếu gặp IT WAS TIME thì vế đằng sau các em phải chia thành had done – lùi
1 thì phải ko nào?)

ADJ + ENOUGH + FOR TO_INF → SO + ADJ + THAT
SUCH + (A + ADJ) + N + THAT

This song is simple enough for all of us to sing. (Bài hát này đủ đơn giản để tất cả chúng ta hát)
→ This song is so simple that all of us can sing it.
(Bài hát này đơn giản đến nỗi tất cả chúng ta đều hát được)
→ It is such a simple song that all of us can sing it.

SO + ADJ + THAT → TOO + ADJ + FOR + TO_INF
SUCH + (A + ADJ) + N + THAT ADJ + ENOUGH + FOR TO_INF
The jacket is so small that I can’t wear it. → The jacket is too small for me to wear.
So + adj + that (clause)
Such + (a/an adj) noun + that (clause)
eg: The box was so heavy that the children couldn’t carry it
> It was such a heavy box that the children couldn’t carry it

Mẹo: Tình huống được đưa ra ở hiện tại, kết quả ở hiện tại/tương lai thì chuyển sang ĐIỀU KIỆN
LOẠI 2. Tình huống đưa ra ở quá khứ, kết quả ở quá khứ thì chuyển sang ĐIỀU KIỆN LOẠI 3.
Cũng có thể gặp dạng CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN TRỘN nếu tình huống đưa ra ở quá khứ và kết quả ở hiện
tại.
a) I can't see the play because it is solded out
> If the play weren’t solded out, I could see it.
(nếu vở kịch ko bị bán hết vé (hiện tại), tôi có thể xem nó.
(IF ONLY/I WISH the play weren’t sold out) b) We didn’t go on holiday because we didn’t have
enough money
-> If we had had enough money, we would have gone on holiday
(Nếu chúng tôi đã có đủ tiền, chúng tôi đã có thể đi nghỉ mát)

PAST SITUATION ↔ WISH + HAD + PP
FUTURE WOULD + INF
(Điều kiện có thật ở hiện tại/quá khứ/ tương lai > ước )
I am sorry that I didn’t go to the library last Sunday.
(Tôi tiếc không đi tới thư viện chủ nhật trước)
↔ I wish that I had gone to the party last Sunday. (Tôi ước chủ nhật trước đã không đi tới thư viện)

S + PRESENT PERFECT ↔ IT IS + TIME SINCE + SIMPLE PAST
I haven’t seen her for three weeks. ↔ It’s three weeks since I last saw her.

S + V (present perfect) + time
It is + time + since + clause (V-simple past)
a) Tom and Mary have been married for 5 years
! It is 5 years since Tom and Mary got married
b) I haven’t seen my parents for one month
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↔ It was not until the second year that he could speak French well.
(Mãi đến năm thứ 2 anh ấy mới nói tiếng Pháp giỏi) S + V + O ↔ HAVE + O(sb) + INF/ HAVE + O(st) + PP
The garage is going to repair the car for us next week.
(Garage sẽ sửa xe cho chúng tôi vào tuần sau)
↔ We are going to have our car repaired next week.
(Tuần sau chúng tôi sẽ nhờ người sửa xe)

(get smb to do smth = have smb do smth ; thể bị động truyền khiến đều là HAVE/GET SMTH
DONE)

NGOÀI RA CÓ THỂ GẶP DẠNG CHUYỂN ĐỔI CÂU TỪ CHỦ ĐỘNG SANG BỊ ĐỘNG
THÔNG THƯỜNG (CÁC EM TỰ ÔN TẬP LẠI NHÉ)
BỊ ĐỘNG ĐẶC BIỆT:

SOMEONE SAY
PEOPLE + KNOW + THAT
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THEY THINK
FIND
RUMOUR
BELIEVE
↔ IT + BE + PP + THAT = S2 + BE + PP1 + TO_INF/ TO HAVE + PP2
Chú ý:
- Động từ Tobe chia theo thì của động từ giới thiệu (say, know )
- PP1: là hình thức quá khứ phân từ của động từ giới thiệu.

NO SOONER THAN ↔ HARDLY/ONLY JUST WHEN
NO SOONER THAN HARDLY/SCARELY WHEN
He had hardly left the office when the phone rang.
↔ No sooner had he left the office than the phone rang.
I had only just put the phone down when the boss rang back.
↔ Hardly had I put the phone down when the boss rang back.

V + NOT + V + NOT (EITHER) ↔ NEITHER NOR
( không cũng không )
My sister is not very in telligent. I am not very intelligent.
(Chị tôi không thông minh lắm. Tôi không thông minh lắm)
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7"
↔ Neither my sister nor I am very intelligent./ Neither I nor my sister is very intelligent.
(Cả chị tôi và tôi đều không thông minh lắm)
The moon doesn’t have an atmosphere; the planet Mars doesn’t either.
↔ Neither the moon nor the planet Mars has an atmosphere.
He didn’t know where John was and I didn’t either.
↔ Neither he nor I knew where John was. ↔ Neither of us knew where John was.

“WHY DON’T YOU + V ?” ↔ S + SUGGESTED THAT
(Gợi ý ai làm gì?)
“Why don’t you put a better lock on the door, John?” Jane said.
↔ Jane suggested that John (should) put a better lock on the door.
S + PAST SIMPLE ↔ V_ing
DIDN’T NOT + V_ing
HAD + PP HAVING + PP
(Rút gọn thành cụm hiện tại phân từ)
The mother smiled happily. She took the baby in her arms.

The patient recovered more rapidly than expected.
↔ The patient made a more rapid recovery than expected.
(Bệnh nhân phục hồi nhanh chóng hơn mong đợi)
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8"
The two girls exchanged English lessons.
↔ There was an exchange of English lessons between two girls.

CLAUSE ↔ GERUND_PHRASE
(Mệnh đề > cụm danh động từ)
She laughed but she did not reply. ↔ She laughed without reply.
(Cô ấy cười nhưng không đáp lại). (Cô ấy cười mà không đáp lại)
She didn’t say a word as she left the room. ↔ She left the room without saying a word.
(Cô ấy khôn nói lời nào khi rời khỏi phòng). (Cô ấy rời khỏi phòng mà không nói câu nào)

SIMPLE SENTENCES ↔ COMPLEX SENTENCES.
(Câu đơn > Câu phức)
The owners of newspapers are usually very rich.
↔ The people who owns newspapers are usually very rich.
Alice eats very little so as not to put on weight.
↔ Alice eats very little because she wants to lose weight.
After four years abroad, Mr. Brown returned home as an excellent engineer.
↔ After Mr. Brown had studied/ lived 4 years abroad, he returned home as an excellent engineer.

ĐẢO NGỮ

1. Đảo ngữ với NO và NOT

No + N + Auxiliary + S + Verb (inf)

Hardly/ Bearly/ Scarely…… When/ before

EX: No sooner had I arrived home than the telephone rang.
Hardly had she put up her umbrella before the rain becam down in torrents.
6. Đảo ngữ với Not only……. but……also…

Not only + Auxiliary + S + V but…. also………. Not only is he good at English but he also
draws very well.
Not only does he sing well but he also plays musical instruments perfectly.
7. Đảo ngữ với SO

So + Adj/ Adv + Auxiliary + S + V + that-clause (mệnh đề danh từ)
So dark is it that I can’t write.
So busy am I that I don’t have time to look after myself.
So difficult was the exam that few student pass it.
So attractive is she that many boys run after her.
8. So + adjective + be + N + clause

So intelligent is that she can answer all questions in the interview.
9. Đảo ngữ với until/ till + clause/ Adv of time + Auxiliary + S + V

EX: I won’t come home till 10 o’clock.
(=Not until/ till o’clock that I will come home.)
(= It is not until 10 o’clock that I will come home.)
I didn’t know that I had lost my key till I got home.
(= Not until/ till I got home did I know that I had lost my key.)
10. Đảo ngữ với No where + Aux (Trợ động từ) + S + V

No where in the Vietnam is the scenery as beautiful as that in my country.
No where do I feel as comfortable as I do at home.

> she reminded me not to stay up late ( cô ấy nhắc nhỡ tôi không thức khuya )

S + V + người + giới từ + Ving / N
Các động từ thường được sử dùng trong dạng này là :
Accuse sb of (buộc tội ai về )
You've stolen my bicycle!
> He accused me of having stolen his bicycle ( anh ta buộc tội tôi đã ăn cắp xe đạp của anh ta )

Prevent sb from (ngăn không cho ai làm gì )
Ví dụ: I can't let you use the phone
> My mother prevented me from using the phone ( Mẹ tôi không cho tôi dùng điện thoại )

S + V + VING
Các động từ thường được sử dùng trong dạng này là :

Advise ( khuyên ) , suggest ( đề nghị ), Admit ( thú nhận ), deny (chối)
* Suggest:
Eg:
1. “Shall we go for a swim now?”
! She suggested going for a swim then.
2. “What about playing tennis?”
! He suggested playing tennis.
* Admit:
Eg:
1. “I know I am wrong”
! He admited being wrong.
2. “I’ve broken the mirror”
!He admited breaking the mirror.
* Insist on:
Eg:

=> He threatened to kill me if I did not do that.

- we'll visit you ( chúng tôi sẽ thăm bạn )
> she promised to visit us ( cô ấy hứa thăm chúng tôi )

- let me give you a hand
> he offered to give me a hand ( anh ấy đề nghị được giúp tôi một tay )

III/ MỘT SỐ BÀI LUYỆN TẬP BIẾN ĐỔI CÂU (CÔ MAI PHƯƠNG ST)

1. SENTENCE TRANSFORMATION
1. “ Why don’t you put better lock on the door,Barbara”? said John
> John suggested
2. Although his both legs were broken in the crash, he managed to get out of the car before it
exploded.
> Despite his
3. I haven’t eaten this kind of food before.
> This is the first
4. After fighting the fire for 12 hours the firemen succeeded in putting it out
>The firemen manged
5. The architect has drawn plans for an extentionto the house.
>Plans
6. In Staford-on-Avon we saw Shakespeare’s birthplace
>We saw the house
7. It isn’t necessary for you to finish by Saturday
>You
8. “ How many survivors are there?”, asked the journalist.
> the journalist wanted to know
9. It was such rotten meat that it had to be thrown away.
=>The meat was

23. “Why don’t you put your luggage under the seat?” he asked
=>He suggested
24. Although he had a good salary, he was unhappy in his job.
=> In spite of

25. I’m sorry I missed your birthday party
.=>I wish
26. They haven’t cleaned the streets this week.
=>The streets
27. Apples are usually cheaper than oranges.
=>Apple are not
28. I advice you to put your money in the bank.
=>You’d
29. That restaurant is so dirty that no one wants to eat there.
=> It is such
30. He was annoyed because his secretary came late ti work.
=>He objected
31. I’ll pick the children up if you like.
=>Would you
32. He objected to the fact that his secretary came to work late
.=>He was annoyed
33. Tom is the most industious pupil.
=> No other pupil
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34. When did they buy the house?
=> How long is it
35. She isn’t accustomed to life in London
.=>She’s not used to

50. I gave Ted the massage, but he already knew about it
.=>I needn’t

51. The trains couldn’t run because of the snow.
The snow………………………………………………………………
52. I didn’t arrived in time to see him.
I wasn’t early………………………………………………………….
53. I’m sorry I was rude to you yesterday.
I apologise……………………………………………………………
54. She didn’t hurry, so she missed the train.
If……………………………………………………………………….
55. Barbara is the best tennis-player in the club.
No one…………………………………………………………………
56. I haven’t seen that man here before.
It’s……………………………………………………………………
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57. The furniture was so expensive that I didn’t buy it.
The furniture was too………………………………………………….
58. The robbers made the bank manager hand over on the money.
The bank manager……………………………………………………
59. Tom learned to drive when he was nineteen.
Tom has………………………………………………………………
60. She had never been so unhappy before.
She was unhappier……………………………………………………
61. It was so late that nothing could be done.
It was too……………………………………………………………
62. I asked the hotel porter to wake me at 8 o’clock the following morning.
“Please………………………………………………………………

78. I don’t suppose you have change for a pound, do you?
Do you happen……………………………………………………………
79. He failed to win the race.
He didn’t………………………………………………………………….
80. Mary rang hours and hourd ago.
It’s hours………………………………………………………………….
81. I’m sorry that I didn’t finish my homework last night.
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I wish……………………………………………………………………
82. She asked Michael how she liked her new dress.
“How……………………………………………………………………
83. A train leaves at 8 o’clock every morning.
There is…………………………………………………………………
84. Nobody can deny that she has a beautiful voice.
It…………………………………………………………………………
85. I would like you t help me to put the chairs away.
Do you mind…………………………………………………………….
86. The child will die if nobody sends for a doctor.
Unless……………………………………………………………………
87. He would prefer you to pay him immediately.
He’d rather………………………………………………………………
88. The water was so cold that the children couldn’t swim in it.
The water was not

89. Somebody repaired her car yesterday.
She
90. You must see the manager tomorrow morning.
You’ve

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16"
8 the number of the survivors there were.
9 so rotten that it had to be thrown away.
10 must be met at the airport.
11 don’t have a visa you can’t
12 if he could borrow J’s typewriter
13 been working as a for 5 years
14 so much about it as she does
15 used to driving on the left
16 of the house is thought to be abroad
17,If we had enough money we would have gone on holiday
18 was too rough for the children to
19 you had passed your
20. I got my car serviced
21 by air always makes me
22 was too expensive for him to buy
23 that I should put my
24 of earning a good salary he was unhappy
25 I had gone to your
26 haven’t been cleaned this week
27 usually as expensive as
28.You’d better put your money in the bank
29 a dirty restaurant that no one wants to eat there.
30.He objected to his secretary coming late to work
31 mind if I pick up
33 becase his secretary came to
34 pupil is as industrious as Tom
35 is it since they bought the house
36 him to phone tho office

63. of the meeting will have to be changed
64. to have the car repaired
65. doesn’t take as long as the bus
66. It is over 6 m. since J had his hair cut
67. M wishes she had been put in a higheer class
68. I’ll finish the work tonight if you like
69. In case get hungry on the train yoou’d better take
70. has left the car keys, we could have picked him up at
71. if J. would come
72. bit the postman
73. us from driving
74. of having a broken leg, he manged to get out of the car
75. such a hard cake that i couldn’t eat it
76. rained we would have gone
77. cooks better than me
78. to have change for a pound
79. win the race
80. since Mary rang
81. I had finished my homework last night
82. “ How do you blike my dress, M?” she aasked
83. a train that leaves at 8
84. It can’t be denied that she has a beautiful voice
85. helping me to put the chair away
86. sbd sends for a doctor, the child will die
87. you paid him immediately
88. warm enough for the children to swim in
89. She had someone repair her car
90. YOu ‘ve got to see the
91. Every time we rang there wasn’t any answer
92. Don’t call him that insulting name