if
DOXUANHUNG
Gi^o
vign
chuy^n luy^n
thi DH-CD H6a
1
( o/UH'V'Aijy <'k#
Pharyldng&
phuangphap
giai
PHAN
DANG
VA PHLfCJNG
PHAP
GIAI
HOA HQC
11 HQU
Cd
D6
XUAN
HUNG
Chju
trach
nhi^m
xu^t ban
NGUYEN
THI
THANH
Hl/OfNG
Bientap :

Khai, Q.l
DT:
38225340
-
38296764
-
38247225
Fax:
84.8.38222726
Email:

Website:
www.nxbhcm.com.vn/
www.fiditour.com
Tong
phdt
hanh
C6NG
TY TNHH MTV
D|CH vg VAN H6A
KHANG
VI|T
rDjachf:
71 Dinh TiSn
Ho^ng
- P.Da Kao - Q.I
MP.HCM
Diin thoai: 08. 39115694 -
39105797-39111969
- 39111968

1815/QD-THTPHCM-2012
do NXB
Tong
h(?p
Thanh
ph^ H6 Chi
Minh
cS'p ng^y
28/12/2012.
In xong nOp lUU chi^u quy' I nanri 2013.
(HuMtta
4,
p DAI
CI/CJNG
VE
H6A
HpC HtfU CCJ
A. TOM TAT Lf
THUY^T
I.
MdDAUVEHbA
HOC
HirUC(]fVAH0P
CHAT H0UCCf
1.
H^p
chaft
hffu ccf la hdp chat cua cacbon (trilf CO, CO2, muoi cacbonat xianua,
cacbua, )
2.

polime
3. Danh phap h^p
chS't
hffu
cd
a) Ten thong thiidng (nguon goc flm ra chat)
^'-''-^Msg
«*av*f«
b)
Ten
h^
thong (lUPAC) '
'':i,'1^'/^(ryi
Ten goc chiJc = Ten phan goc + T6n phan
dinh
chiJc
Ten thay the = Ten phan thay the + Ten mach C chinh + Ten phan
dinh
II.
PHAN
TICH
NGUYEN TO
1.
Ph3n tichdjnh
tinh
f''''"/''-;'
* Xdc
dinh
C : Dot chdy chat
hSu

PhSn
tich
djnh
Irf^ng
(A la chat
hffu
cd c6
HIA)
chffc
mc=12 i4^(g)
44
-H
= 2.i^(g)
=
i^.100%
=> %H=-2^.100%
=>%N=i^.lOO%
niA
Phan
djing
\ik
phuong ph^p
g'Ai
H6a hpc 11 HJu
co
-
B8
Xuan Hung
=> mo =
niA

.
C6ng
thu-c phan tuT
(CTPT)
:
CxHyO,Ni
v,!^ j
Cong
thu-c ddn gian nhat
(CTDGN):
(CpH,OrN,)„ (n= 1,2, 3, ) ,|
*
Cach
thiet lap
:
Tim ti 1$
(C,HyO,)
so, ^^.,^
mr
mH niQ ^ %C %H %0 , ;
x:y:z=—^:—^:—^
hay
x:y:z=
: : = p : d:r
12
1 16 12 1 16
2.
Cdngthtfc
phan
tuT

' ' '
I „ . 12x y 16z M
Tacdtil?:
= -^ = = => x, y, z
%C
%H %0 100% • • , J;
- Dura
vao
cong
thiJc ddn gian nha't:
i^i^Y j
j.
C,HyO,
=
(CpH,0,)„
= M =^n= ^ „,
i^'0:^
12p
+ q +
16r
,/>a F .
- Tinh tnic tiep
theo
kho'i Itfdng san pham do't
chdy
:
-H
-
'I
CxHA

C6ng
thitc cfiu tao
js
*
Cong
thiJc cau tao khai trien
;|
.>fiX
*
Cong
thiJc ca'u tao thu gon
2.
Ddngdang
Nhffng hdp chat
c6
thanh phan phan tuT hdn k^m nhau
mpt
hay nhieu
nhom
CH2
nhiftig
c6
tinh
chat hoa
hpc
tiidng tif nhau. "V''';^;!
' ' ,4^
3.
D6ng
phan

PHAN
0NG
HOU CO
1. Phan
tfng
the": CH4 + CI2CH3CI + HCl HO - : J r
2. Phan
uTng
cOng:
C2H4 + Br2 >
C2\I^BT2
'
3.
Phanurngtach:
CH3-CH2-OH-S^^ CH2=CH2 + H2O H
Dac
diem
cua
phan
iJng
h6a
hpc
trong
hoa hoc
hffu
cd : - 1
-
Phan
iJng
thifdng

-
(Vi& eMiq.
Ihiie eaii
tim,
ctmtg^ phdn^ ddtig^
dqttQ^
ede
ehdt
BAI TAP
MAU
VA BAI TAP
NANG
CAO i?
Bai 1.
Viet
phifdng
trinh
hoa hoc
ciia
cac
phan
iJng
xay ra
theo
sd do sau f.^
CH^CH
CH2=CH2
CH3-CH2-OH
CH3CH2-Br
Q j|j

CH2=CH2 + H2O ""'^°> CH3-CH2-OH
:
phan
iJng
cpng
1,,, ?
Mrtr;
(3)
CH3-CH2-OH
+ HBr
CH3-CH2-Br
+ H2O :
phdn
tfng
thg*
' '
(4)
3CH=CH ^•^°°°^) (Q) :
phan
u-ng
cpng
Bai
2. Co ba
chat
hCu cd c6
cong
thiJc
Ian
liTdt
la : C4Hii)0, C4H9CI, C4H11N, Cho

; CH3-C-CH3 • „
CH3-CH2-CH-CH3
;
CH3-CH-CH2-CI
CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-NH2
; CH3-CH2-CH2-NH-CH3
uhi^t^ya:f"••••
CH3-CH2-CH-NH2
; CH3-CH2-NH-CH2-CH3 . „ '
CH
^
,'',»:v'A,«;
tvifi^i^;
nvA
^'ihiyii,
'I'l-iM mhh,'\'vt;^5"*
•••
CH3-CH-CH2-NH2
;
CH3-CH-NH-CH3
CH3-C-CH3^"'
'.HDsHD v';^;
CH3-CH2-N-CH3
,m m
^-i^-^
fiCtelt)
I
I " 1
CH3 CH3 (iij
Vay chat

chi
cSu tao gom
hai nguyen
to C. H. 1;,)
•
jil
*
B va C la dan
xuat
cua
hidrocacbon
vi
ngoai
hai
nguyen
to C, H cdc
hcJp chat
B,
C con
chiJa
cdc
nguyen
to
khac
(N va O).
a)
Trong
cac hdp
chaft
sau. hc(p

cd :
HCN,
AI4C3. '
b)
Hidrocacbon: CfiHfi.
frt')
Dan
xua't
cua hidrocacbon
: CH2O,
C2H5Br,
CH2O2,
CfiHjBr,
CH3COOH.
Bai
5. Cho 6 hdp cha't hi?u cd ddn
chiJc,
mach hcl cd cung cong thiJc phan tuT 1^
C4HXO2. Viet cdc cong thiJc ca'u tao thu gpn cua cdc chat dd. • , • ,
CH3-CH2-CH2-COOH ; CH3-COO-CH2-CH3 ; CH3-CH-COOH
ir
CH3
HCOO-CH2-CH2-CH3 ; CH3-CH2-COOCH3 ; HCOO-CH-CH3.
CH
Bai
6. Cac
phan uTng
sau day
thuOc
loai

f)
Phan iJng the
g)
Phan ifng tach
h)
Phan u-ng the.
'
Bai
7.
Dtfa
vao
tinh
chat
hoa hoc cua
CH2=CH2
va
CH^CH
(da hoc d Idp
9).
Hay
Viet
phiTdng
trinh
hoa hoc
khi
cho
CH3-CH=CH-CH3
va
CH3-C^-CH3
lac dung

: -C=C. 0;|
^0ktxi-nUym¥''
''
Br
Br ,:.„„ ; ,
*
CH3-CHC-CH3 +
2Br2
—> CH3-C—C-CH3
| ^.l^:,
CH3-C^C-CH3 + 2H2 CH3-CH2-CH2-CH
3
=> Nhdm nguyen
tuT
gay nen
phan uTng 1^
:
-C=C
Bai
8.
Viet phufdng
trinh
hda hoc cua cdc
phan iJng
xay ra
trong
cac
triTdng hdp
sau
va

'^f
'
c) Dung dich ancol etylic
d^
lau
ngoSi
khong khi chuy^n thanh dung dich axit
axetic
(giam
an).
•
ti
>
.
if iJ
;^W;>
; /
:i•0 ,^K;;»
,•
'
a)
CH2=CH2
+
H2 CH3-CH3
(phan iJng
cOng)
,li::).:.:H':;) H':)
i:X)'»
'
^

la
ddng phan cua nhau
?
,
CH3-CH3
•
ill
(1)
CH3-CH-CH3
(Ui +
jK'(2):} VJ
{.7
CH,
^IM;;;
+
QI ^
-
CH.
CH,
CH3-CH2-CH2-OH
(4)
•>1
(3
CH3-CH=CH2
(5)
CH3-CH2-O-CH3
(7)
va) CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-OH(9)
CH3-CH2-CH2-CH3
CH2CI-CH2-CH3

* Cdc chaft
dong
phan cua nhau
:
(2)
va
(8); (4) (7), (3)
(5). ^ .
<h.
Bai 10.
'
a)
Hay viet
cong
thufc electron
va
cong
thiJc
cau tao c^c phan tuT sau
:
>~.,r)i
}f'3
,
*
CH3CI,
CH4O, CH2O,
CH5N.
b)
Hay
vie't

CT
electron
CTCT
H
M
V
,
CH3CI
H:C:C1
"
"
'
H-c-ci
••^-v:'^5'-«•
/-^'ii^gj 4;
H::) ?:HD
+
H
CH4O
H:CJO:H
H-C-O-H
' '
1
H H
b)
CH20
H:C::0:
ii
H-C=0
H

CH3-CHO
H-c-c
H
0-C-C-H
1
1
H
H
CH3COOCH2-CH3
CH3COOC2H5
H-c-c
H
0-C-C-H
1
1
H
H
hoac
H
1
CH3CN
CH3CN
H-C-C=N
hoSc
=N
Bai 11. Dong phan
la gi ?
The nao
la
nhffng chat dong ding

d)
C=CH2.
CH,
^han dang
phuong
phiip
giai
H6a hgc 11 HOu co - D8
Xufln
Ht/ng
•))
Viel
cong
thu'c
ca'u tao c6 the cd cua cac
dong
dang
cua
ancol
etylic
cd
cong
thu'c
phan
tuT
CsHxO
va C4H|„0.
I)
*
C2H6O:

HCOOCH3
O H
.
H-O-C-C
5fs|.;y'|a)(jl
sS wi? H H
^ , H H . .
*
C2H4CI2:
H-C-C-CI
H
CI ^
HH
•iA''VA;«(THi,v.H-C-C-H
I
I
CI CI
hay
CHg -CHO
^>|ri;
i;^ q
.i
j,
1
i.iaii!
KuHfiidq
snob iii
uVifi
}«b
jjrfMfi

ding cua nhau,
dong
phan cua nhau ?
a) CH3-CH=CH-CH3 b) CH2=CH-CH2-CH3
c)
CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH3
d) CH2=CH-CH3
e) CH3-CH=CH-CH2-CH3 g) CHg =CH-CH-CH3 -)
CH3
Si
I'lfU.
_n—i^n.o.
I
h)
CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH3
i) CH3-CH2-CH-CH3.
Gidi
* Cac
cha't
la dong dang cua
nhau
:
d,
a va e;d, a va g;d, b va e;d, b va g;i va h;e h. .,
* Cac
chat
la dong
phan
cua
nhau

H
H H OH
•
,,, r
•
' < W r
Dcuia 2. . ,,
-
(Xide
(tiiih it/ ed mat lu/mjeu ta, thanh plidit ede iitfiiifjeii to' trmtq
chut hffll etf i) -f;>i vJ.(}v
.'4\
jli^f,!)
ym C.
IJ,Ofni
r;iV),(J -~ -
-
f£gfi
etniff thiie ittfii qlun iihal . ,,),,.,
„,,,,,v,y,)
.>.4,j
j.^j;,^;^
. , , ^ BAI TAP MAU VA BAI TAP
NANG
CAO
Bai 1. Oxi h6a ho^n toan 0,6g hdp chat hi?u cd A thu
duTdc
0,672
lit CO2
(dktc)

khoi lifdng cic nguyen
16'
trong A : d,
i
jy.
-fir Ji'''J" ^rNw
%C=
•^xlOO%
=
60%
jriH./,
0.6
•••:>
;if^;r.^:jf:> ft,-:.,
%H=
100% = 13,33% ^%0 = 26,67%. £ >-
iH^*^
>^ ^^
V
0,6 ' •
Bai 2.
Tinh
khoi
lifdng
mol phSn tuf cua cdc chat sau :
jj,;.,
,,,,,
a) Chat A c5 ti
khoi
hdi so vdi khong khi bkng 2,07.

binh
dtrng
CaCl2
khan va
binh
dUng
NaOH,
thay
binh
diTng
CaCla tSng them 0,194g,
binh
dufng NaOH tSng them 0,8g. Mat khac dot chay
liTdng
chat A tren thu difdc
22,4ml
khi
nitd
(dktc).
Xac
dinh
thanh phan %
khoi
liTdng
cac nguyen to trong A.
Gidi
"
Cho san pham chay qua
binh
dtfng

100% =
78,01%;
%H =-^^x 100% = 7,09%
^ ^'f^ 0,282 -*v.>M;-ii., vi^ uuu 0,282
fu,.//
iu;.'>fi
ixO ,|
ijiitt
%N=
°i^x 100% = 9,93% :^ %0 = 4,97%. ^^"f^^^^^
0,282
!ai 4. Oxi h6a hoan toan 4,92mg mot hdp chat A chiJa C, H, N O roi cho san
pham Ian
liTdt
qua
binh
chiJa
H2SO4
dam dac,
binh
chiJa KOH thi thay
khoi
liTdng
binh
chiJa
H2SO4
dSc tang them 1,8
Img,
binh
chiJa KOH tSng them

10,56
1,81
mc=
12.^^^ = 2,88(mg); mH = 2.^ = 0,2 (mg)
44 18 • .I .
0 55 4 92
mN(4,92.g)
=
28.^x-i—=
0,55(mg)
> •
'>
mmiiy.
j:}.,H„p
: A nrv
=>
Thanh phan %
khoi
lifdng
%H
=
2,88
4,92
0.2
4.92
^xlOO%
= 58.54%
^,^^^,„
£, s^fM)ixSk^^^^^
x

khoi
lifdng
nuTdc =
—.
Xac
dinh
cong thiJc ddn gian nhat cua moi chat ? ''' " " '" -
•
''' CUM '
Theo dieu
ki?n
de bai thi A, B la hai chat dong phan cua nhau. •
Dat
CTTQ
cua A, B la
CxHyO^.
. i ,, ,, ,
"Mrira?-
^' YV
.^'^'^
„
Phifdng
trinh
dot chay: , 1 . , i
CxHyO,
+
^
y
x
+

1
Phan
djing
va
phuong
ph^p giai H6a hpc 11 HOu
co
- Dfi Xuan Hung
Bai
6.
Vitamin
A
(retinol)
c6 c6ng thiJc phan tuf
C2()H3()0,
vitamin
C c6 cong thiJc
phan tur la
CfiHsOfi.
a)
Vie't
cong thiJc ddn gian nhat
ciia
moi chat. 'li,, ,.
b)
Tinh
ti 1? % ve
kho'i
li/dng
va ti ie % so' nguyen tur cua cac nguyen to d

100% =83.92%
-'*^>;':'-
,
286
%mH=—xlOO%
= 10,49% ^ ' ' ^ '
286
=>
%mo = 100% - 83,92% - 10,49% = 5,59%. ' - ,
+
Vitamin
C :
QHsOfi
(M = 176)
6x12 •
%mc = X 100% = 40,9% , , ,,
176 'I f , ^ i .1' ' i V lih
'
%mH=
—xl00%
= 4,55%=^ %mo = 54,55%. ' ^" ""' ^ '
"^^'^'
176 ^.1 .!| w 'i
*
Ti 1? so nguyen tuf cdc nguyen to: , / j
+
Vitamin
A :
C2(iH3„0
(51 nguyen tuf)

CO2
va hdi
niTdc
theo
u'
I9
the
tich
Vco2
:
VHJO
=4:3 (cdc the
tich
do d cung
dieu
ki^n
nhi§t
dp, ip suat). Tim cong thiJc ddn gian nha't cua A. ^,
,
(TrichTSDHSuphamKythu^tTP.HCM)
Z^:
Gidi
D$tCTTQcuaA:C,HyO,.,^^,'v.
^ ^
.fr,,s^^i,r^:
':-tf
• •
r
|.i
•

V,
CO2
_ 4 ^ JL,^1
''H20
y
3
2
3
X
y
=
3x
(2)
,
Ta
c6 ti le x : y : z = x : ^x : ^ = 2 : 3 : 1 !
.r^:^^^^'":^
M
2 2 {
••••.i-n
Vay
cong Ihu'c ddn gian nhat cua A :
C2H3O.
^ = ' '
Bai
8. Hay
thict
lap cong thiJc ddn gian nhat
tCf
cac .so

C,HyO,N,.
f ; ^ ^
%C %H %0 %N
Ta
c6 ti
1^
X : y : z : t =
12 1 16 14
70,94% 6,4% 15,76%. 6,9%
12 1 16 14
=
5,91:6,4:0,985:0,49= 12:13:2:1
Vay
cong Ihu'c ddn gian nhat la
C12H13O2N.
, „ ;
b)
Thanh phan % cOa oxi: H , . , ,
X : y : z
%0 = 100% - 65,92% - 7,75% = 26,33%
Dat
CTTQ cua chat
hffu
cd :
CxHyO,.
Ta c6 ti 1?
^65^.7J5%^2M3%^ 5,49:7,75:1,64 =
10:14:3
12 1 16
Vay

va
phudng
phip
giSi
H6a
hpc 11
HQu
co
-
D8 Xuan Hifng
2CO2
+
Ca(OH)2
>
Ca(HC03)2
^
? 0,07
mol
0,035
mol
' ' « ;
Ca(HC03)2
+
2NaOH
>
CaCOji
+
Na2C03
+
2H2O

= ; : .
M M; M=
o,15 :
0,4
: 0,15
=
3
: 8 : 3
12
1 16 12 1 16 yv
Vay
cong thtfc ddn gian
nhat
cua X la
CsHgOs.
•> iah-)
~iSi
iilrfi
y
\M
J
Bai
10.
KM
cho 5,3
gam hon
hdp
gom etanol
C2H5OH ;H''i?i',fl! ;Civ^,ii'
/j;

;
X
mol
,
—mol
,:'S*C,d,^
,S'dt<ci_,
:ki2,
CH3CH2CH2OH
+ Na
>
CHsCHzCHzONa
+
^H,
2
S^molH2:
nH,=-^
=
0,05
=
^+y
'
Vv: viv.c. *0()( X)^'
, ,, ^,
^
22,4 2 2
^^_,,,,iii,3,jto.tfOr{iiM3Mp^
Ta
c6 h?
phudng

M«
%C2H30H=Q'"^^^^
100%
=
43.39%
:
=>%CH3CH2CH20H
=
56,61%."""
!:>tU^
Jlfln ft? ,,
^.^ .,.
.fltfc^
:
.
t.;.,,iV -:7 ,S'*jim'V;-&.rfiT
(DoMig
3.
<£Afi.
eS^ntf,
thi'te
fthdit
tilt
:
-
<T)t/a
ocLO^
cang,
thiie
fteiti

CO2
va 13,5g,
H2O.
Xac
dinh cong thiJc phan tuT
cua A
biet
ti
khoi
so
vdi hidro
la 21
(cac khi
do a
dktc).
, , ,
Gidi
5
g y,C:VO£l
Afit!ip•^^);-
So mol
chat
hu-u
cd
A:
n = —^ =
0,25 (mol)
>, „ \
22,4
:>iA, ,.f=

= 0
nl",.i,,
^
J,
1
I'M
'
11* 1!
Vay
trong
A
khong
CO
oxi.
, • 1
Dat CTTQ
cua A : CJiy. Ta c6
ti I9
: x : y =
—:
— =
0,75:1,5
= 1:2
,
i • 12 1
^
Cong thu-c
A c6
dang
(CH2)„.

to C va H,
trong
do C
chiem 88,235%
ve
khoi
lifdng.
Ti
khoi
hdi
cua
limonen
so
vdi khong
khi
gan
b^ng 4,69. Lap cong thiJc phan
tuT
cua
hmonen.
, '
Gidi
Thanh phan
%
kh6i
li/dng
nguyen
to
hidro
:

7,353
:
11,765
= 5 :8
=>
Cong thtfc limonen
c6
dang
(C5H8)„.
' • V,t> - '
Tacd:
(5 x 12 +
8)n
=
136=>
n = 2 . v i , "
V$y
CTPT
cua
limonen m
CjpHii.
THLT
VIEN
TIMH
BSNH THUAN
-zr::^"
' "A 9
17
Phan dgng va phuong phap
giSi

Vo2(ptf)=
450-50 = 400ml
Vco2
=350-50 = 300ml
VHJO
=650-350 = 300ml
Dat
CTTQ
cua A la
CxHyO^.
' t'i
1'
I, rt ? •
C,H„0,
+
Ta
c6:
100ml
1
y
z
x
+ —
4 2
400ml
O,
XCO2
+ ^HjO
300ml
300ml

H2O.
Ti
khoi
hdi cua hdp chat Ad doi vdi khong khi la 2,69.
b)
Dot chay hoan toan 28,2mg hdp chat
hffu
cd Z vk cho cdc san pham sinh ra Ian
Iffdt
di qua cac
binh
dtfng CaClz khan va KOH dff thi thay
binh
CaCl2 tSng them
19,4mg con
binh
KOH tSng them SOmg. Mat khac, khi dot 18,6mg chat do sinh
ra 2,24ml khi
nitd
(dktc).
Biet
rkng phan tuf chat d6 chi chffa mpt nguyen
tijf
nitd.
J\ tii t lat '
(1,1 t.i (jfi
1
a)Kho-ilffdngmolphantuf:M
= 2,69x29 = 78 ^^^^ , ,, ,
„VM,H

VHy
CTPT1^
CfiHfi.
.
b)
Theo de ta c6 : ,. ,
;„,,,,
;,„,
19 4
^H20
= 19,4mg => mH = 2. = 2,15 (ja0
18
80
mco2=80mg
=> mc= 12. —= 21,81
(mglr
^
44
m
2,24 , iT¥' 'M'
•)'"•'''''
:
niN
(28,2mg)
= 4,24 (mg)
=>
mo
= 28,2 - (2,15 + 21,81 + 4,24) = 0 'h ,f ;;a
.
J

C6H7N.
. -"5' <«^
Bai
5.
Phan
tich
chat
hffu
cd X chffa
C, H,
O ta c6 :
mc : mH : mo = 2,24 : 0,357^^'- '
'''''''
" '
a)
Lap cong
thffc
ddn gian nhat cua X. t '
b)
Xdc
dinh
cong
thffc
phSn tff
ciia
X biet 1 gam Ji^lam bay hdi c6
th^tich
1,2108
lit
a 0"Cva 0,25 atm. '

Kh6i
Iffdng
mol cua X : Mx =
—^-—
= 74 , < ,
0,0135
(^ ,
Tacd:
(3 x 12 + 6 + 2 x 16)n = 74 =i> n = 1
V§y
cong
thffc
phan tff cua X la
C3H6O2.
r'ff) c ! >
19
Phan
d?ng
va
phUdng phAp
Q\i\a hgc 11
Hi?u
co - D5 XuSn
Hung
Bai
6.
TO
tinh
dau hoi, ngi^di
ta

M
=
148g/mol.
Thanh phan
%
oxi
:
%0
=
10,82%
Dat
CTTQ
:
QHyO,
"
^
. %C %H %0
81,08%
8,1%
10,82%
,
Ta CO ti 1?
: X
:
y
:
z = : : = : :
,
12 1 16 12 1 16
= 6,8

( t
j
>l
3
K
Bai
7.
Dot chay 200ml hdi 1 chat
Mu
cd
A
chiJa
C,
H,
O
trong 900ml O2,
the
tich
h6n
hdp khi thu di/dc 1^
1,3
lit. Sau khi
cho
hdi nifdc ngiftig tu, chi
con
700ml.
Tiep
theo
cho
qua dung dich

900ml
-CO2
•
H2O
-O2 diO
-
H2O
1300ml
O2 dif
700ml
Difa
vao
sd
do
ta
tinh
difdc:
Vo^phintfng =900- 100
=
800
ml
Vco^
=
700- 100
=
600 ml
VH^O
=
1300-700
=

*h nJ^I
CTPT
cua A,la CjHfiO
''W^^^'i'^'^
on
Bai
8. Trpn
400
cm^ hon hdp hdp chat
Mu
cd
A va
nitd
vdi
900
cm' oxi duf roi dot.
The
tich
hon hdp sau phan iJng
la
1,4 lit. Sau khi
cho
hdi nufdc ngung tu thi con
800
cm^ tiep tuc cho qua dung dich KOH thi con
400
cm"\T cua
A
la:
A.C2H4

j
ngutig
tu
-
H2O
CO2
N2
'J
ii'ii
^ qsoflq
,i
800cm
D.
C,u,
dd
KOH
N2
02dir
400cm
3
Vco,
=
800
-
400
=
400
cm^
s!»i»>
= 1400

=
200 cm'
=>
Ta cd ti 1?:
Vr
» : V.
-> XCO2
+ ^
H2O
= 400+
—
=700
cm' M'u , ,„•,.•
^CxHy
= 400 - 200 = 200 cm'
C,Hy ••
V02 phan tfng
:
Vco2
:
VH^Q
=
200
:
700
:
400
:
600
= 2 : 7 : 4 : 6

cm'
C,Hy
d
the khi
vdi
30 cm' O2
(lay
diT)
vao
khi nhien ke. Sau khi
bat tia lufa di^n
va
lam lanh, trong khi nhien
ke
con 20 cm' ma
15
cm' bi hap thu
bdi
dung dich
KOH.
Phan
con lai bi
hap
thu
bdi
photpho.
Tim
CTPT
cua
hidrocacbon.

+
(x
+
^,)02
->-xC02 + ^HzO
5
25 15
=>x = 3vay = 8=>
GTPT
la
CjHs.
B^O:
Cho vao khi nhiSnske 10 cm^ ch^it hffu cd A
(chiJa
C. H, N), 25 cm^
H2
va 40
tsdl^Oz.
Bat tia
liJa
di$^nn:ho hon hcfp no. Chuyen hSn
hcJp
khi nhan
diTdc
ve dieu
aki^Ii'ban
dau, H2O
ngiteg
tu he't, thu
diTdc

=> VQO = 10 cm' v>v'
20 cm'
=> = 20-(5+ 10) = 5 cm'
25 3
Wolchayhkiro)
= —- = 12,5 Cm
^
iih
b:)
el
(dotehayea
A
vi
hidm)
= 40 - 5 = 35 Cm'
%)j
(dcfichiTy
A>
= 35
-42,5
=
22,5
cm'
-Ph«ang
trinhphin tfngxAdy: •
^gatf
naiq
ritvn^
g0biniq
ifij

=>A:C:H:N
= 2:2 :40 : 2 = 1 : 1 : 5 : 1
CTPT
cua A la
CH5N
,rii'i\i!.> iO-;I,»vrt
'•,m ,ix^
'.},>'i
i(6o;«iT
BAI TAP NANG CAO
Bai
1. Mot hdp chat hilu cd A
chuTa
54,8%C;
4,8%H;
9,3%N
con lai la O. Cho biet
ph§n
tuf khoi cua nd la 153. Xac dinh c6ng
thiJc
phan tuf cua hdp chat. Vi sao
phSn
tuf khoi cua c&c hdp chat chtfa C, H, O la s6'
ch£n
ma phan tuf khoi
ciia
A
lai
la so' le (khong ke phan thap phan) ?
•

:
y
:
z
:
t =
12 1 16 14
=
4,57:4,8:
1,94 : 0,66 = 7 : 7 : 3 : 1
=>
CT
cua A cd dang
(C7H703N)„.
Tac6
: 153n= 153 => n = 1
Vay
CTPT
cua A :
C7H7O3N.
*
Phan tuf khoi cua A la so le vl nguyen to nitd c6 h6a tri 16 => nguyen
tuT
H la so
B^i
2. Cho 400ml mOt hidro g6m
N2
C^Hy
v^o 900ml
O2

4
Dat
the tich cua
C^Hy
la a
=400-a
Theo
de bai ta c6 :
ax
<vjH
\'
; :Mit
iirtJ
}flA
c^,,-!
VH20
=
1400-800
= 600ml = « c#
Vco2
= 800 - 400 = 400ml = ax
^,
j,
|,
Vo2du=900-
X^I
4
11
Vo2d^+VN2
=400

X = 2 ,:ut}
y
= 6
•=
"''r;i'
m.P
'fli
s.i'
•>]::
Vay
CTPT cua hidrocacbon la C2H6.
Bai
3. Dot chay hodn toan 3,6g chat
huTu
cd A (C, H, O) b^ng 4,48 lit O2 (dktc) thu
diTdc
hon hdp khi va hdi trong do Vco, =3Vo ; ^^^^ = 11. Tim cong thiJc
phan
tuTcua
A biet d the hdi; l,8g chat A chiem the
tich
bang the
tich
cua 0,8g oxi
cung dieu ki?n. , _ ^ , , •
Gidi
Dat
CTTQ cua A :
C^HyO,,
,

y
x +
4 2
0,05 mol
y z
x +
^^
4 2
0,05 0,05x o,05.^'-'^''^«^«''^'^^«^*^^
S6
mol chat A dem dot:
nA
= ^ = 0,05 (mol)
So mol O2 da
diing
: n^^ = = 0,2 (mol)
,
22,4
1,1 1
-•i.;:t
, , H,,D
H5n
hdp khi thu difdc :
CO2
H2O
O2 dir
Theo dl
Vco2
= 3du « 0,05x = 3 0,2-
y

.,.,(1!
<n;'.;:q
T ;• .
Vay
CTPT cua A \k C3H4O2.
Bai
4. Dot chay hoan toan l,37g chat
hufu
cd A thu diTdc 3,08g CO2; 0,63g H2O va
0,126 lit N2 (30"C va 75 cmHg). Xac dinh cong thiJc phan
tuT A.
Biet l,37g A cho
bay hdi d 100"C va 1 atm thi the
tich
thu diTdc la 306ml.
•,.(;./
•
o«€^kir>
m4:vi>d'riif
.:^iil.K\!
n-!:'!
Sdmol
A :
HA
= ^ = = 0,01
(mol)'
^^^'^'^
RT
0,082.(100 + 273) ,A.,, Aii:'.b:
YSH

:
y : z : t =
12 1 16 14
'
• •
' = 0,07 : 0,07 : 0,02 : 0,01 = 7 : 7 : 2 : 1
^ ^
.
Vay
cong thu-c A cd dang
(C7H702N)„.
Tacd:
(7 x 12 + 7 + 32 + 14)n = 137 n = 1 ^>
-^'''-^
"
Vay
CTPT
cua A m C7H7O2N.
AX'kD
s^HOkJ ^
Bai
5. Tri^dc kia, "pham do" dung de nhupm do cho^ng cho cac Hong y gido chu
diTdc
tdch chie't
tijf
mpt
lo^i
oc bien. Do la mpt hdp cha't cd th^nh phan nguyen to
nhiTsau :
C

0,478
: 0,476 = 8:4:1:1:1
'hSn
dgng
vk
phtwng ph^p
giSi
H6a hpc 11
HOu
CO
-
D8
Xuan Hung
Vay
cong IhiJc ddn gian nhat cua pham do la
CKH40NBr.
j)
Vi phan tuf chiJa hai nguyen tuf Br nen A c6 dang
(CsH40NBr)2.
Vay
CTCT cua pham do la CfiHxOsNsBra.
Bai
6. Dot chdy hoan loan hon hdp X gom hai hidrocacbon A B, mach hd
cilng
day dong dang. Cho toan bp san pham chay vao 4,5 lit dung
dich
Ca(OH)2
0,02M,
thu difdc ke't tua va
khoi

+„Hy
+2n:
2a (mol)
VinA
=
60%(nA
+
nB)^
•^ = -
Phifdng
trinh
dot chay : .
CxHy
+
x
+
—
4j
O2
>XC02+^H20
, (1)
3ay
3a mol i 3axmol mol
)
1' *
M,
'',:S:
a:
2
Cx

+
Ca(OH)2
> CaCOs +
H2O ,/!.,(:),
1-?,":)
;;l
; (3) yJ:M
b
mol b mol b
moLji
ffiourU,.
-lib
gauf; "nf>
frartq"
jnJ;
•JSuil
2
}i:H
2CO2
+
Ca(OH)2
)•
Ca(HC03)2
l
v:/M&.n.>n
f (4)
,1-^Ij^A
2c mol c mol c mol
(H'M-in
Ca(HC03)2

+
mcaC03(4)
+
mcacogrs)
„, , ,
hay 18,85 = 100b + 100c + 197c = 100b + 297c
Ta
c5 he phifdng
trinh
:
b
+ c = 0,09 fb = 0,04 (mol)
100b + 297c = 18,85 [c = 0,05 (mol)
=>
nco2
=b + 2c =
0,14(mol)=>
mcoj
(3.4)
=(b + 2c).44 = 0,14.44 = 6,16(g)
Ttf
(6)=i>
mHjO
= 3.78 +100.0,04 - 6,16 = 1,62 (g)
1,62
ni
-
= 0,09 (mol)
Theo phifdng
trtnh

(7)
(9)
Say = 4an = 0,18
Giai
ra ta c6 :
<40
^'
60x
+ 5y + 28n<200 , „ , , ,
a = 0,01
n
= 2
x
= 2
V$y
CTPT
cua A m
C2H2,
B la
C4H6.
, ^ , , g, W.
Bai 7. Dot chay ho^n toan m gam chat hiJu cd X chtfa ba nguyen to
C, H,
O thu
difdc
a gam
CO2
va b gam
H2O,
biet a = va b = Hay xic

0,4m
+ —
15j
8m
I5
(g)
27
Phan
dgng
phuong
ph&p
g\k\a hgc 11 HOu cO- D8 XuSn Hang
Tacdtil? : X :y : z = : — := 0,033 : 0,066 : 0,033 = 1:2:1
12
15.1 15.16
=> X c6
dang
(CH20)„. ,
176 't.
Matkhac:
nx =
nco2
== 0.04 (mol) ,
=> Mx = = 90 30n = 90 n = 3
- " ' 0,04 ''
V$y
CTPT
cua X m CjHfiOs.
v*/rv,-,i.
v * -' f . ,.t •

H2SO4
2M
thi
phan
axit
duT
difdc
trung
hoa
vilfa
he't bdi
100ml
dung
djch
NaOH 3M.
a) Xac
dinh
thanh
phan
% N cd
trong
A. u> ' , ^,
b) L$p
cong
thiJc
phan
tuT
A biet
dA/kk
< 3,25.

A 52,8 ^ 12,6 ,,,,
.sfolTOxJl^-
Tacd: mc=12. =
14,4(g);
mn = 2.—^ =
l,4(g)
^
=> mo = 18,6-(14,4+1,4+ 2,8) = 0 . .„
VSy trong A khong cd oxi. :
^l-
Dat
CTTQ
cua A :
C^HyN,
rf:^='''^'M
^-^^
''"^f"^'*
- f*-^^'
{!•&;)•&•
n.^ij^
ptjrfl
^
•
Ta cd ti le : X : y : z =
:
M: M
=
1,2 :1,4: 0,2 = 6 :7
:1
^ ^

hiJu
cd ,.,, ,
,,
j ^y
j:
•
b) Tinh %
khoi
lifdng cac cha't
c) Neu cho lifdng CO2
tren
vao 100 ml dd KOH 1,3M; Tinh
CM
muoi tao
thanh
Giai
6 bki nay, ta
dilng
phifdng phap so nguyen tuf H
trung
bmh ke't hdp vdi phiTdng
phap bi^n
luan
de giai. ij(|,;,,,|v) d d
a) Xdc
dinh
CTPT
cdc hidrocacbon : _ , ||, ^ ,j ., ,,1
Dat
CTPT

CTPT
A, B cd dang : A :
C4H,
va B :
C4H,.
-^^^ ^^^'^
^^^^^^''•''''^
Tacdy < y
<y'hayy<8,5<y'(1)
^
8,5 <y' chan^v^v ;^
'''^l'
_y'^2x + 2 = 2.4 + 2 = 10' '
t<««-''
• ' '
=^y'=10r=>CTPTB:C4H,o
tentO,0
TiWng tir bi?n
luan
tim
CTPT
A : y < 8,5, y chSn
>|.ii^||''ai
'
Bi^n
luHn
tim
CTPT
B :
y

-
iJu Xuan
c) Tinh
CM
cdc muol tao thanh r
'
i,
,
nKOH
=
V.CM = 0,1.1.3= 0,13 (mol)
:
Tac6:
^^ = ^ = 1,3 ^Taothanh2mu^.
^
X C*
,
, "CO2 ^'-^ '''^ •
CO2
+
2KOH->
K2CO3
+
H2O 'ol\ir,';(yr
o: .
.'ryj'^fiir's.
• (••
a
2a a (mol)
CO2

0.3(M);
CM(KHCO3)
= -^
=
0,7(M)
, ,.
„^.j
Bai 10. Mot hidrocacbon
A
d
the khi c6 the tich gap
4
Ian the tich cda lUU huynh
dioxit
CO
khoi li/dng tifdng difdng trong cung dieu ki?n. San pham chay cua
A
dan qua binh diTng nifdc voi trong
diT
thi c6 Ig ket tua dong thdi khoi li/dng binh
tang 0,8g. Tim CTPT
A.
*
Tim MA : '
^\
^:^ «f«'n-i"fOt^::r:r
Ji^
1VA =
4.VSO2
(dcungdieukien)=>nA =

hap
thu
CO2
va
H2O
^, ^,
.
, ,^ •
.
Ca(0H)2
+
CO2
->
CaCOai
+
H2O
r '
m-i^=
mcaco3
=
Ig
nco2
=
"CaCOs
=
1/100=
0.01mol
" "' h
a/TT! ^m)) J^ri
ndiH

=
2^
= 0'04g
"^MS"
nio
f
5.
vifV
DLBT khoi lifdng
(A):
mA
= mc +
mH
= 0,12 + 0,04 = 0,16
' {
30
W
12,
y MA
MA-mc
16.0,12
,
Xa c6
—=
=
—— => X
=
—-—— = = I
m^
m^ mA 12.mA 12.0»16

<T)ifii
oa»
dftih.
liiai
bao^
ioAti
khoi
''•'''y'':
'
BAr TAP
MAU VA
BAI TAP
NANG
CAO
Bai 1. Dot chdy hoan toan ba hidrocacbon A, B, C c6 ciing so nguyen
tuT
cacbon ta thu
diTdc ti le
CO2
va
H2O
c6 gid tri tiTdng iJng la
0,8
: 1 : 2. Xdc dinh cong thiJc phan
tufcua A, B, C.
, , , ,
^''^^ Gidi
S,0
* ChS't A CO
:

1
'
Vay CTPT
A
la
C4Hi„.
* Chat B c6
:
=
1
Ucoj
=
nH20
=>
B la
anken hoSc xicloanken:
CnH2n.
/
Vi A, B ciing so nguyen
tuT
cacbon => B la
C4H&.
'
f f
*
I:
* Chat C c6
:
= 2
=>

if
-; •
'
V§y
CTPT cua CmC4H4. v t
J-
Phan dgng
vji
phuong
pUip
giSi
H6a
hi?c
11 HOu ca - P5
Xuan Hang
Bai 2. Dot chay 3,7g chat hQ^a cd X (C, H, O) dung vUa du 6,72 h't oxi (dktc) va thu
diTdc
0,25 mol
H2O.
Xac dinh
cong
thiJc phan
tuT
X bie't 70 < Mx < 83.
Gidi -i
Tacd:
= —=
0,3(mol)
''''^^
'v^;-

Xc6dang(C4H,oO)„. 'kU
„ ,'•
O^H"
Theode
70<74n<83 => 0,95 < n < 1,12 => n = 1
;jif,f'^
Vay CTPTcua X la C4H,oO. }/0'}.J$i
t^r'^sf^'
'••r I *
Bai 3. Cho bon hdp cha't
hiJu
cd A, B, C, D deu ben, mach
cacbon
lien tuc, kho'i
lifdng
phan
tijf
cua chiing lap thanh mot cap so cpng. Khi do't chdy mot lifdng bat
ki
moi chat deu chi thu difdc CO2 va
H2O
ma khoi liTdng CO2 bang
1,8333
Ian
khoi
liTdng
H2O.
Xdc dinh
cong
thiJc phan tuf cua A, B, C, D.

Vay
CTPT
cua A, B, C, D Ian
iMdl
Ik :
CaHg,
CjHgO,
CjHsOz.
CJHHOJ.
32
B^i
4. Dot chay hoan to^n 3,24 gam hon hdp X gom hai chat
hiJu
cd A va B khac
day dong ding, trong dd A hdn B mot nguyen tuT cacbon, ngu'di ta chi thu
diTdc
H2O
va
9,24g
CO2.
Bie't ti khoi hdi cua X doi vdi H2 b^ng 13.5. Tim
cong
thiJc
ciia A, B va
tinh
% khoi lifdng cua m6i chat trong X. 1 i '
„/sCt:,
W '! li
^
h M f (Trich TS DHQG TP HCM, dat 2)

».03™ol'
-V.
Ta c6 h? phufdng
trinh
:
mx = 0,09MA + 0,03MB = 3,24
'^Mk^^A^^
p 'i
'^^m'^:>i^i
itik Wl
=>3MA
+ MB=108 MB= 108-3MA>0 ''.•'iy-^^t
=>
MA < 36 => A khong c6 oxi va trong A c6 2 nguyen
tuT
cacbon. •
Nen A c6 the la C2H2, C2H4
hoac
C2H6.
+ A la C2H2 (MA = 26) =^ MB = 30 (CH20)^*'"*"' '
'^'^'^"
'''' '
+ Ne\ A la
C2H4
(MA = 28) ^ MB = 24
(loai)
'^''"""^
+ A m
C2H6
(MA = 30) =^ MB = 18

\m I irA mh\ ' ^
Mx=15x2
= 30 ).Mfyj,ifj,.f?^(lJft/.j *KS )l ' '
Tac6:
12x + y = 30 => y = 30 - 12x ;
Di^u
ki?n y > 0 => 30 - 12x > 0 => X < 2,5 .it-sdatooifc-,? sA
:uwz
'^XnO m •.
Phan
d jng
vS
phuong
pMp
giSi
H6a hpc 11 HOu
cd
- B5 Xuan Himg
;/i;,;'Neu
x=l => y = 18
(loai)
(KAqno
ipi^ynsn^
x
= 2.=>y = 6 (nhan)
ivs,t5|vvw;(fa
.H
n>^.n
.A , ^ 'i'M:
V$y

day dong
ding
cua hai hidrocacbon trong A.
c)
Lap cong thiJc phan tuf
tinh
thanh phan % theo thi
tich
cac chat trong A.
Biet
hai
chat
dtfng
cdch nhau mOt chat trong day dong
ding.
Gmi
, 'rr
a)
DatCTTQtrungbinhciia
Ala C-H «
,„
••• n , daUi mmi Din.tZ
x+y
O2
>
XCO2+
^HzO
2
lit 7,2 lit ^ 4,8 lit
^ ^

= 2nc thuOc day dong dang anken. ^
HH
4,8 2
c)
VI nc = 2,4 =
X
la anken nen n, = 2 n: = 4 (hai chat c^ch nhau rngt
chlft).
Vay
CTPT
ciia
hai hidrocacbon la
C2H4
C4Hg. ,,. ,,
"^r
, ^
j^.^
^
Dat
a la nc2H4 trong
1
mol hon hdp A (1 - a) la sd'mol
C4H8.
^
^ ^.j^
^
.^^^
Ta c6 : nc =
"""'^"^
=2,4 ^ a = 0.8 (mol)

hidrocacbon ban diu (5
cilng
dilu
ki§n).
D$t
CTTQ cua ba hidrocacbon la
CjHy.
xC
+
ax
^
2
Theo de :
ay
=
3a
y =
6
vay
A, B, C Ian
liTdt
c6 CTPT
la :
C2H6,
CjHfi,
C4H6.
BSi
8. Khi phan
tich
chat

vi'
jf.iofi
•< 's.i
Giai
D|t
CTTQ cua A : C.HA- ' ' '' ' '
„
, , ^ ¥
&\r>
Jlidsj Bhbj,
i}rn^
'rfj;!!
ui?
Ta
CO
: mc +
mH
= 3,5.mo
Hay
12x + y = 3,5.16z => 12x + y = 56z
+
N^u z = 1=> 12x + y = 56 y = 56 - 12x
I
wfif,,
,'.f:ft
ijOHb
X
1
2
3

Theo de : X la
CH3OH,
Y la
CH2=CH-CH20H.
' '
A
cd CTCT :
CH30-CH2-CH=CH2.
PhUdng trinhphan iJng : T'" r''"'':^'
CH3OH
+
CH2=CH-CH20H
^l^^o*c>
CH30-CH2-CH=CH2 +
H2O.
Bai
9. Dot
chiy hoan toan
1 hidrocacbon A
cin
dilng
28,8g oxi thu dUdc 13,44 lit
CO2
(dktc).
Bi^t ti
khd^i
hdi cua A doi vdi khong khi la d vdi 2 < d < 2,5. Tim
CTPTcia
A.
;fi

32 22,4 ,
=
0,6 mol
35
Phan
djng
va
phiiOng
ph^p
g\i\a hpc 11 HOu CO - D5
Xuan
Hung
13 44
Tacd:
mc=12.nco2= 12.^=
7.2(g)
niH
= 2.nH20=
2.0,6=
1,2 (g)
Dat
CTPT
cua A la C,Hy ta cd: x : y = — : — =1: 2
1 12 1
=>
cong
thiJc nguyfin cua A la
(CH2)n.
Ma2<d<2,5
=^

my = 1,76 + 0,66- 1,28 =
1,14(g)
\ t i
CO2 +
Ba(OH)2
> BaCOji + H2O * ' ' ^.
^ ^ X i ,^4^ j
2CO2
+
Ba(OH)2
>
Ba(HC03)2
'
^^H,,',-^
^
2y. y y ,. , ^
Ba(HC03)2
—^ BaCOjl + CO2 + H2O
1,76 0 66 0 22
^'I'^rOcHa:
A.#;; >
"^^=12. —=
0,48(g);
mH = 2 i^ =
-:^(g)
>
^^I.^^^^^^^^
=^
mo= 1,14- (oAS^^yhll^g)
,,ri^6mol k^ tua hai lln : .^^^^

.X y ^ ^ ^
Cong
thiJc ddn gian nhat cua Y :
Ci2H220n
'i/^v^;
Bai 11. Bot chdy hoan toan 0,1 mol hdp chat hCu cd A chi chiJa C, H, O vdi oxi
theo
ti 1? mol 1 : 2.
Toan
bp san pham chay
diTdc
cho qua binh 1 difng dung dich
pdCl2
dii roi qua binh 2 di/ng dung dich
Ca(OH)2
dir. Sau thi nghiem, binh 1 tang
0,4g va xua't hi^n 21,2g ket tua, c6n binh 2 cd 30g ket tua. Tim
cong
thiJc phan
tuTcua A.
Binh
1 du-ng
PdCb
hut CO va H2O, giai phdng CO2.
j,,
,
;
,^ „ ,^,,
CO +
PdCl2

0,4 + 0,2.44 -
0,2.28
= 3,6 (g) i >t
3,6 , ^< "
=>
nH,o=
— = 0,2 mol ' '
Ap dung dinh luat bao toan khoi lifdng ta cd: St xi Y
niA+mo2
= mco2 +
'"co+mH20
' • ^' S
=>
mA=mco2
+ mco + mH20-mo2 = 0,1.44 +
0,2.28
+ 3,6 -
0.2.32
=
7,2(g)
Gpi
cong
thuTc phan
til
cilaA
1^
C^HyO^.
,„,,.„,,»ri,
AJSj.•
Tacd:mc=

so
hidrocacbon hen tie'p trong day d6ng ding c6 khoi
Itfdng phan tit trung binh
(M)
=
64.
6
100"C thi hon hdp nay
6
the khi, lam lanh
den nhift
dp
phong thi mpt
so
chat
bi
ngiftig tu. C&c chat khi c6 khoi Itfdng phan
tuf
trung binh bkng 54.
Cic
chat long c6 bKng 74. Tong khoi lifdng c^c chat trong
hon
hdp dau la
252. Diet khoi liTdng phan
ti3f
chat nang nhat
g^p
d6i chat nhe
nh^t.
Tim CTPT

cong sai
d
=
14
an
=
at
+
(n
-
l)d
S=
—"
^
" ' "
"'^
*
"^''^
*
Vdian
=
2ai
=>2ai
=
ai
+(n-1).14
!
,f.
M) . , i
=>ai

=
42
" "
dat hidrocacbon dau
la
A|
:
QHy
('
In ,
in "
M,
=
12x
+
y
=
42
ychin
,, , , ,, " " ' H
y<2x
+
2
1
v,.')K'l
»A(
I
w/,'oi
i\i
in;/), ynyb

,<'
* T-inA
%
rfcA
cdc
chitttroneh3n
h<n>:
'^'''^
^"^^
'
Gpi
a, b, c,
d
(mol) Ian li/dt 1^
so
mol cdc hidrocacbon tifdng tfng:
C3H6,
C4HS,
— 42a
+
56b
+
70c
+
84d
'
^M-VrOj-
.
M
= =

(3)
c
+
d
Thay(2).(3)vao(l):
42a
+
56.6a+ 70.2,5d
+
84d 378a
+
259d
M
= =
04
=>
— 54
a
+
6a
+
2,5d
+
d,,, 7a
+
3,5d
=>d
=
2a
(4) . ,

the
tich
%VC3H.=
^xI00%
=
7.14%
M
•
•
%VC4HK=
xl00%
=
42,85%
«A,
'#,1,1-11,,
.
%vc3H,o=-^xioo%=35,7i%•
•
%VC6H,2=—xl00%
=
14,28%
,
14a
Bai
13: Dot chdy hoan toan m(g) hdp cha't
hiJu
cd
A
chi Ihu diTdc
a(g)

dA/khongkhi
<
3
=>
MA
<
3.29
=
87
, , „ ,
,^
, ,^
ta
c6:
mc=
12.nroT
=
12.—
=
—(g)
li; i
VI
3a
=
1
lb =>
mf.
=
=
b

Dat CTPT cua
A
Id CxHyO,;.
b
b 8b
T2'9'9.16
12'9
18
8b
, ,
m^H^%''^''''
_
Ai ^
=
—-i—=
3:4:2
=> X
:
y : z
= . .
1
o •
o ' 18
*
i
'
=>
Cong
thuTc
nguyen

hiJU
cd
A
(chuTa
C, H, O)
phai dung
1
li/dng oxi bang
8 Ian
lUOng
oxi
c6
trong
A va thu
dUdc lu-dng
CO2 va H2O
theo
d le
khoi lUOng
mco2
: mHjo = 22
:
9
.
Biet
ti khoi hdi cua X so vdi
H2
la
29.
Tun

:„ „,
^,,,,
,. v;,: = (22 - 6) + (9 - 1) = 24 (g) J^'i' ::-j-f,->V;!S5
Ma
mopha„.„g
= 8.mo, „gA, hay = i
mo(.,„gA,
= ^ = ^ (g)
•"O
phaniJng' ' 'Ov -
•S'.'C.i.,

'4^&.:J'9
D$t
CTPT cua Ala QHyO,tac6: "r
12 • 1 "16 12 T 9.16 2'r6 \
.
^ Cong thiJc nguyen c,5a A la
(C3H.O)„
'
;,,eUV.r4v iM
«/.(Mf
Ma
M, = 29.2 = 58 => 58n = 58 :=> n = 1 ' , , . .
^^^^,^„
. ^
VayiCTPTcuaAlaCjHfiO
,
.^^^ ^
BAI

thuong) r6i dem toan bp san pham chay hip thy h^t vao binh dung dung djch
Ba(0H)2.
Sau cac phan
irng
thu dugc 39,4 gam k^t
tiia
va
khoi
lugng phin dung
djch
giam bat 19,912 gam. Cong thirc phan
tCr
cua X la
A.C3H4.
B. CH4.
'
^:
^
'
C. C^,:f'^mrt
Q^^^.
'nm'i
i,,
' "
Trich
di thi tuyin sinh Dai hgc khoi A nam 2012"
cau
3.
Nicotin
cd trong thuoc la la mot hdp chat rat doc, c6 the gay ung

(1) tang ISn 1,8 gam, binh (2) thu diTdc 15 gam ket tua. Khi hoa hdi 10,4
gam A thu di/dc mot the
tich
dung bang the
tich
cua 3,2 gam oxi trong cung dieu
kien
nhiet dp dp
suat.
V$yc6ng thu'c phan tuTcua A
1^:
'i
'i/i
• i
•*
A. C5H12O2 i B.
C3H4O4
C.
C7H4O6
D.
C;HS03
cau
5.
Khi d^t chdy hoan toan 100ml hdi cha't B can 250ml oxi, tao ra 200ml
CO2
va 200ml hdi niTdc (cac the
tich
do d cung dieu ki?n). Vay cong thu'c phan lij
cua B la:
A.

Mat khdc phan buy
0,549
gam X do thu difdc 37,42cm^
nitd
(do
d
27°C
va 750 mmHg), biet trong phan tuf cua X chi chiJa
1
nguyen
tijf
nitd.
Vay
cong thu'c phan tuf cua X la:
A.C9H13O3N
B.C9H15O2N
C.CyHi303N2
D.
CKH12O3N
cau
8.
Dot chay 400 ml mpt hon hdp gom
nitd
va mpt hidrocacbon Y 3 the khi
bing
900 ml khi oxi
(dif).
The
tich
hon hdp thu dUdc sau khi dot la 1,4

liTdng
hidrocacbon X. Hap thu toan bp san
pham chay vao dung dich Ba(0H)2 (dU) tao ra 29,55 gam ket tua, dung djch
sau phan iJng c6
khoi
liTdng
giam 19,35 gam so vdi dung dich Ba(0H)2 ban
dau. Cong thiJc phan
tur
cua X Id '
A.C3H4.
B.C2H6.
'^^-'''^^^
C.C3H6:'^'-^^'^^^^
^
'
-
''^iOslli
* „ y^^^ ^^^^ ^.^^
f.^.^^
2070"
cau
11. Dot chdy hodn todn 0,9 gam hdp cha't hiJu cd A chuTa C,H,0 thu diTdc 1,32
gam
CO2
vd 0,54 gam
H2O.
Ti
khoi
hdi cua A so vdi hidro la 90. Vay A cd cong

cdc khi diTdc do d cdng dieu
ki#n
ve
nhi^t
dp va dp
suS't.
V§y
cong thiJc phan
tuT
cua X la:
A.
C3H6
B.
CjHx
'
C.
CJHKO
D. C3H6O2
CSu 13. Trong mot
binh
kin chiJa hdi chat
hOu
cd X (c6 dang
C„H2n02)
mach hcl
O2 (s6
mol
O2
gap doi so mol can cho phan uTng chdy) 6 139,9"C, dp
suat

oxi,
sau phan
uTng
thu diTdc 3
lit CO2
v^
4 lit hdi nufdc.
Biet
cac khi dUOc do d
ciing
dieu ki?n ve
nhi^t
dp va ap
suat.
Cong
thifc
phan
tiy
cua X la: f .
A.C3H6
B.C3H8
,
C.C3HSO
D.CjHfiOz^"'"'
Cau 16. Co 3 chat
hOU
cd
A, B,
C ma phan
t&

?! r,
D. CZH^.
CZHSO,
C2H6O2.
'I'^f .,
Hi'SUMi
HUdNGDlNGlArxa
cau 1. Ta c6: Mx = 2My ^,.
,„
.
•
A,!
:Jii:jifiuv,
rMq -^nhb o^ uk')
MY=—,32
= 44
=>Mx=
2.44 = 88 u
' ^'''''v'
1.6 , ' ' -
=>
ChpnD. • :<
Cfiu 2 : So mol BaCOs = 0,2 mol so mol COj = 0,2 mol ->
khdi
liTdng
= 8,8 gam
Khoi
liA;Jng
dung dich giam =
khoi

j!
rna^q
=> mo2
=
nico2
+
^»20
~'"x= 14,848 g =>
IXQ^
=0,464 mol
Vflij')
A
Bao toSn nguyen to
oxi:
2.
nco2
+
"H2O
~ 2.
no2
= 0,464 'f'
TO
(1).
(2)
nco2
= 0,348mol;
nH20
= 0'232 mol. ' "
=>nc:
nH

mo =5.2-(0,2+ 1,8) =
3.2(g)
M,=iM:^
=
104
A
32
12x y 16z 104
1,8 0,2 3,2 5,2
Vay CTPT
la
C3H4O4
=>
Chon
B.
Cfiu
5.
Goi
CTPT
cua B
Ik
CxHyO,
x
= 3;y = 4;z = 4,
X
CxHyO,+
1
y z
y z
Oj-J-xCOs+lHjO

<
(
nx
= — =760 1000
=oooi5inol
7,fHr;'^i; s'ro fcf:?r'i!f-,.;. ,.•>
^
RT 0,082.300 ' '
=> Vi
khi phan
tich
0,366g X thi
nN,
=
"'""^^"'^^^
=
O.OOlmol
^
0,549
(2)
Phan
djing
phuang
ph^p
giSi
H6a
hpc
11 HOu
co
- D5

VQ^UU
= 1-4
•
Khingufngtu:
VH2o=600ml
/
•
Din qua
KOH:
Vcoj
= 800 - 400 = 4()0ml . , , .
•
,
+Vo2du=400ml
. U
^
^ /« !.(, ,1 ' , A<,
VO,P/,=1VH,O+VCO,~
+400 = 700ml j^, ,
=>Vo2du=
200ml „
.H^•).!,^.^
=
200ml
'
The
tich
cua Y = 400 - 200 = 200ml
y
2 V 4,

. , , /b um ' ill' 4, '1 \'At I i'* , u'l''
Matkhac:
mdjgii„=
mBaco3 -
(mco2
+
"IH20)
=>
mco2
+
mH20=
mBaC03 ~
"^Jg""^
=
29,55
- 19,35 = 10,2 g
^
^^^^^
^
Ma
mco2
=
0,15.44
= 6,6
g=i>
mH20=
3.6 g=>
nH20
= 0.2 mol - „
Ta thay: n^jo > "002 ^ hidrocacbon X la ankan va:

x
+
4 2.
5
x
= 3;y = 8.
O2
^xC02 +IH2O
X
y
2
3
4 •
,,^', ,••1'
"
Matkhac: x +
4
= 5=>3 + 2 = 5=>z = 0
•'('5
Vly
X
Id
C3H8
=>
Chon B.
/wlfe
1
i'»/iifi
r|v' '
if J

1
= (3n - 1) mol
Sau phan iJng chdy va d
139,9°C
thi
H2O
dang
d the hdi nen tong so mol khi va
hdi
sau phan iJng la:
Skhi
=
nco2
+
nH20
+"02
J"
= n + n + ^"^ ^ = (3,5n - 1) mol
Nhiet
dO
bmh tnfdc vd sau khong
doi,
gia suf thi
tich
binh khong
doi,
ta c6:
'sau
0,8
3n-l

HiTu
co
- Pg
Xuan
Hung
CSu 15: Goi cong
thiJc
phan
ttif
cua
X
\k
:
C,H„0, (z cd the bkng
0)
QHyO,
+ (x +
^-^)02
->
XCO2
+ ^HzO
K-f)
^ f
=>
x =
3vay
= 8
y
4
2

de
phan
tuT
khoi
cua chiing l|ip
th^nh
1 cap so
cgng thl chiing khdc nhau
\i so
nguyen
tiJ
oxi
trong
phan tuf.
.' ^'"'^
'^1
-''''f
''''
J*.'^
'''
DStcongthiJctongqudtcua
A,B,CiaC„H2„
+
20x
(x>0)
C„H2„
+ 20x
—'^^2_>
nCOz
+

V|y:
CTPT
cua
3
cMt A,
B. C
lln IU*?t
^
C2H6.
C2H6O.
CjHfiOa. „ f,,,,,
da
HIDUOCACBON
NO
A.T6MTATLfTHUY§'T
I.
ANKAN
(parafin):
C„H2„+2
(n ^ 1)
*
CH4.
C2H6,
CjHg.C„H2„+21$P thanh day dong d^ng ciia ankan.
* TCf
C4
tr3 di cd dong phan cau tao.
j ^,
* Danhphdp:
^^^j.,.,,,

tfng
the', tdch,
0x1
hda.
' .
,1
'
+
Phan
itng
the':
CH4
+
CI2 CH3CI
+
HCi
->
phan
tfng
halogen hda.
j.^.j (
+
PhaniJngtich:
, \, d
1'ih
i^l'^r
CaH2a+2
+
ChH2b
. ,

+
1)H20
2
Khi
cd xdc tdc thich hdp:
CH4
+
O2
HCHO
+
H2O
* Ph5niJngdiluche ankan:
; i
jAfi
R-COONa
+
NaOH R-H
+
NajCOj
(R Ik
C„H2„+,-)
hO^C
CnH2„
+
H2
CnHznrf.
^ '
a
XICLOANKAN:
CoHto

Ddnh
s^
sao cho
tdng
c&c
s6
chi vi
tri
cdc mach nhdnh
Ik
nh6 nhSt.
*
Tinh
ch^t hda hoc
: ^
41
Phan
dgng
vS
phuong ph^p
gl5i
H6a
hgc
11
HOu co-
B6
XuSn
Hung
+
Phan

+
H2 ^
CH3-CH2-CH2-CH3
Xiclobutan
rfix-fU
1 f butan i {
iin
Au
>
Mi^ii)/i.
-0 i^n
fl'Vi
+
Phan
u-ng tdch :
/
r!
ur
,#4*-fi
»'{.'ii*
i^fi
i
Sihi\
^^
,
JIMI
T
I
t
Metylxiclohexan

BAI
TAP
MAU VA BAI
TAP
NANG CAO "^^^^
IS''*^
Bai
1.
Viet
cong thiJc phan tuf cua ankan va goc hidrocacbon
tifcfng
i?ng •
.
^)Ch^^lOH
b) Ch,fa8C
,.,H ,&:>':«^^
•
c)
Chifa
n nguyen tur C ' d) ChiJa (x + 1) nguydn
t)!^C.
"'"2^
C4HH,
=>
C4H9-
b)
QH,8
=>
QHn-*'
B^infioiiia.

a)
-CH3:
hidrocacbon :
CFL,
•
5^;^,;
.^i:/:?^^
y,^;.;
;^eiVi:l:i
v
/Ths,
-CsHv
: hidrocacbon :
C3HS vjj^;;;)/
-C6H13
: hidrocacbon :
C6H14. v,/;,, •,,gjs#,:Sil'k:
v^ukn
itds
.• a, .,5
b)
:.il;:>
,fiHf.:;>,.,AH;:>
,.a
^Ten goi khdc
.^^.J;,.
CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH3
pentan n-pentan
HJ.M
!

:C3Hs
a)
Propyl:
CH3-CH2-CH2-
(bac 1) '
Isopropyl:
CH3-CH-
(bac 2)
,
011,11, .K rfl 'j( ' \ii \
b)
Isopentan :
Neopentan :
CH3
Cong
thtfc cau tao
CH3-CH-CH2-CH3
CTCT
thu gon nh^t
I
CH3
CH3-C-CH3
I
CH,
Hexan:
2,3-dimetylbutan
:
CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CHsi ,
;
CH3-CH-CH-CH3