TÀI LIỆU THI THPT QUỐC GIA 2017 MÔN TIẾNG ANH

TỪ ĐỒNG NGHĨA TRÁI NGHĨA
BÀI TẬP PHÂN DẠNG ĐẦY ĐỦ -CÓ ĐÁP ÁN
PHẦN II: NỘI DUNG
I. Khái niệm về từ đồng nghĩa và trái nghĩa
I. 1. Từ đồng nghĩa
Theo từ điển ngôn ngữ, từ đồng nghĩa là những từ có nghĩa giống nhau hoặc gần giống
nhau. Từ đồng nghĩa được chia làm hai loại là đồng nghĩa hoàn toàn và đồng nghĩa không hoàn
toàn. Loại thứ nhất là những từ có nghĩa hoàn toàn giống nhau, được dùng như nhau và có thể
thay thế cho nhau trong hầu hết các trường hợp. Loại thứ hai Là các từ tuy cùng nghĩa nhưng vẫn
khác nhau phần nào sắc thái biểu cảm (biểu thị cảm xúc, thái độ …) hoặc cách thức hành động.
Khi dùng những từ này, ta phải cân nhắc lựa chọn cho phù hợp.
1.2. Từ trái nghĩa
Từ trái nghĩa là những từ có nghĩa trái ngược nhau. Tương tự như từ đồng nghĩa, chúng ta
cũng có hai loại từ trái nghĩa là trái nghĩa hoàn toàn và trái nghĩa không hoàn toàn.
Từ các khái niệm nêu trên có một số điểm chúng ta cần phải lưu ý như sau: Cho dù các từ
được coi là đồng nghĩa hoặc trái nghĩa nhau hoàn toàn, giữa chúng cũng có sự khác biệt và không
thể dùng thay cho nhau trong mọi trường hợp. Chính vì vậy, bên cạnh việc dạy và học nghĩa của
từ, chúng ta cần phải chú ý đến ngữ cảnh trong đó các từ đồng nghĩa hay trái nghĩa có thể được
dùng.

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TÀI LIỆU THI THPT QUỐC GIA 2017 MÔN TIẾNG ANH

III.1. Dạng bài tập “Matching” - ghép hai từ đồng nghĩa, trái nghĩa
Unit 1: Home Life
Exercise 1. Match the word in column A with its synonym in colum B
Column A


8. note down

h. do the laundry

9. collect

i. siblings

10. annoy

j. hold on/ hang on

Đáp án

Exercise 1: 1.i

2. f

3. h

4. c

5. b

6. j

7. e

8. a

f. at a loose end

7. hard-working

g. costly

8. busy

h. reluctant

9. cheap

i. naughty

10. interested

j. idle

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10. d


TÀI LIỆU THI THPT QUỐC GIA 2017 MÔN TIẾNG ANH
Đáp án

Exercise 2: 1.d

2. h


3. job

c. present

4. respond

d. party

5. confide in

e. variety

6. careful

f. commence

7. start

g. apartment

8. gift

h. share one’s thoughts

9. nursing home

i. occupation

10. banquet



2. follow

b. temporary

3. majority

c. pessimistic

4. reject

d. be under no obligation

5. modern

e. tell the truth

6. permanent

f. similarity

7. optimistic

g. deteriorate

8. be obliged

h. accept

9. lie


9. e

10.g

Unit 3: Ways of socializing
Exercise 5. Match the word in column A with its synonym in colum B
Column A

Column B

1. suitable

a. apparent

2. obvious

b. good-natured

3. choice

c. severe

4. polite

d. purchase

5. buy

e. appropriate


5. d

6. i

7. b

8.f

9. c

Exercise 6. Match the word in column A with its antonym in colum B
Column A

Column B

1. get off

a. take a call

2. modern

b. prohibitten

3. leave a message

c. politeness

4. make a call



k. old-fashioned

Đáp án

Exercise 6: 1.e

2. k

3. h

4. a

5. b

6. c

7. d

8.f

9. g

10. i

III.2. Dạng bài tập “Odd one out” – chọn từ khác loại
Ở dạng bài tập này học sinh phải nhận ra một từ không cùng nghĩa hoặc trái nghĩa với các
từ còn lại. Để làm bài tập này, học sinh phải nhớ được các nhóm từ đồng nghĩa hoặc trái nghĩa
với nhau.
Unit 1: Home Life

10. complement

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TÀI LIỆU THI THPT QUỐC GIA 2017 MÔN TIẾNG ANH

Unit 2: Cultural Diversity
Exercise 2: Find one word that is different in meaning from the others
1. idea, view, point of view, opinion, objection
2. love sb, fall in love with sb, interfere with sb, fall with sb, take to sb
3. choose, select, opt, pick out, reckon, decide on, agree on
4. conduct a survey, make a survey, carry out a survey, cancel a survey
5. main, key, primary, vicious, major, core
6. famous, well-known, renowned, excessive, celebrated, notable, pretigious
7. take part in, participate in, result in, engage in, join, attend
8. however, nevertheless, on the contrary, additionally, by contrast, controversially
9. rich, wealthy, middle-class, well-off, affluent
10. dangerous, disastrious, hazardous, perilous, risky
Đáp án

Exercise 2:
1. objection

2. interfere with sb

3. reckon

4. cancel a survey


1. accessible

2. amenity

3. appointment

4. provision 5. spark

6. colleague

7. skeptical

8. detect

9. apology

10. distract sb’s attention

III.3. Dạng bài tập “Multiple choices” – trắc nghiệm
Exercise: Choose the best word/phrase that is CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined part
in each of the following questions.
1. Women whose husbands do not contribute to the domestic chores are more vulnerable to
illness.
A. able to be well protected
B. able to be easily hurt
C. able to be well known
D. able to be equally treated
2. In many cultures, the mother is usually the homemaker while the father is the breadwinner.
A. the family member who is willing to share the domestic chores
B. the family member who likes bread

A. You can say that again
B. I can’t agree with you any more
C. There’s no doubt about that
D. That’s not a good idea.
9. Although I live in London for one year, I’m not used to driving on the left.
A. accustomed
B. familiar
C. looking forward
D. supportive
10. Quan Ho singing, a traditional kind of music, originated in Bac Ninh Province in the 13th
century.

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TÀI LIỆU THI THPT QUỐC GIA 2017 MÔN TIẾNG ANH

A. launched
B. took its origin
C. initiated
D. appeared
Đáp án
1. B
6. A

2. D
7. C

3. A
8. D

6. paid me a nice compliment

7. get on very well

8. keep an eye on

9. rarely/lying

10. find out

III.5. Dạng bài tập “Paraphrasing”- diễn giải
Đây là dạng bài tập tổng hợp, học sinh phải viết lại các câu sử dụng các từ đồng nghĩa và các cấu
trúc đồng dạng.
Exercise: Paraphrase the following sentences
1. I’m 28 years old.

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TÀI LIỆU THI THPT QUỐC GIA 2017 MÔN TIẾNG ANH

2. She is a doctor in a local hospital.
3. There are four people in my family.
4. I help my mother with some housework such as cleaning the house and taking out the garbage.
5. It is undeniable that families play an important part in our lives.
6. Not only my dad but also my mum works and support the family.
7. The bride and the groom thanked all the guests for their presence best wishes.
8. To attract someone’s attention, we can use either verbal or non-verbal forms of
communication.
9. In America, it’s impolite to ask questions about age, marriage and income.

A. having to do with food and cooking
B. involving hygienic conditions and diseases
C. relating to medical knowledge
D. concerning nutrition and health
Question 2: Suddenly, it began to rain heavily, so all the summer hikers got drenched all over.
A. cleansed

B. completely wet

C. very tired

D. refreshed

Question 3: “It’s no use talking to me about metaphysics. It’s a closed book to me.”
A. a subject that I don’t understand

B. a theme that I like to discuss

C. a book that is never opened

D. an object that I really love

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in
meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.
Question 4: "Don't be such a pessimist. I'm sure you'll soon get over it. Cheer up!"
A. activist

B. hobbyist

C. optimist

underlined word(s) .
Question 1: John wants to buy a new car, so he starts setting aside a small part of his monthly
earnings.
A. spending on

B. using up

C. putting out

D. saving up

Question 2: The board of directors rejected the proposed project, explaining that it was too
expensive to be feasible at the present moment.
A. costly

B. troublesome

C. capable

D. practicable

Question 3: After all these years of good work, Arthur deserves a promotion.
A. ought to be denied

B. might be produced

C. should be given

D. could be rejected


5. D


TÀI LIỆU THI THPT QUỐC GIA 2017 MÔN TIẾNG ANH

Đề tuyển sinh Đại học khối D năm 2014
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the
underlined word(s)
Question 1: Those children who stay longer hours at school than at home tend to spend their
formative years in the company of others with similar aims and interests.
A. being separated from peers

B. forming a new business company

C. being together with friends

D. enjoying the care of parents

Question 2: Many parents may fail to recognize and respond to their children’s needs until
frustration explodes into difficult or uncooperative behavior.
A. slowly reaches the boiling point

B. remains at an unchanged level

C. suddenly becomes uncontrollable

D. stays under pressure

Question 3: “A friend in need is a friend indeed”: Our friends have voiced their strong criticism
of China’s escalation of tension on our continental shelf.

1. C

2. C

3. B

4. C

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5. D


TÀI LIỆU THI THPT QUỐC GIA 2017 MÔN TIẾNG ANH

Đề tuyển sinh Đại học khối A1 năm 2014
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the
underlined word(s).
Question 1: Even though the mountain was very steep and the climb was hazardous, several
adventurous tourists managed to reach the top.
A. causing a lot of risks

B. bringing excitement

C. costing a lot of money

D. resulting in depression

Question 2: Thanks to the invention of the microscope, biologists can now gain insights into the
nature of the human cell.

B. beneficial to health

C. harmful to health

D. full of preservatives

Đáp án
1. A

2. A

3. A

4. A

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5. B


TÀI LIỆU THI THPT QUỐC GIA 2017 MÔN TIẾNG ANH

Đề tuyển sinh Cao đẳng năm 2013
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the
underlined word(s) .
Question 1: Thirty minutes after the accident, the captain still refused to abandon the burning
ship.
A. get on

B. come to

C. purifying

D. controlling

Question 5: If the headmaster were here, he would sign your papers immediately.
A. currently

B. right away

C. formerly

D. right ahead

Đáp án
1. C

2. D

3. B

4. A

5. B

Đề tuyển sinh Đại học khối D năm 2014
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in
meaning to the underlined word(s)
Question 1: The works of such men as the English philosophers John Locke and Thomas Hobbes
helped pave the way for academic freedom in the modern sense.
A. terminate


Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning to the
underlined word(s)
Question 4: Population growth rates vary among regions and even among countries within the
same region.
A. restrain

B. stay unchanged

C. remain unstable

D. fluctuate

Question 5: In some countries, the disease burden could be prevented through environmental
improvements.
A. something to suffer

B. something enjoyable

C. something sad

D. something to entertain

Đáp án
1. C

2. D

3. A


C. put down

D. lie down

Question 4: She is a very generous old woman. She has given most of her wealth to a charity
organization.
A. mean

B. amicable

C. kind

D. hospitable

Question 5: Her thoughtless comments made him very angry.
A. honest

B. kind

C. pleasant

Đáp án

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D. thoughtful


TÀI LIỆU THI THPT QUỐC GIA 2017 MÔN TIẾNG ANH



D. fruits and vegetables

Question 3: It is such a prestigious university that only excellent students are entitled to a full
scholarship each year.
A. have the right to refuse

B. are refused the right to

C. are given the right to

D. have the obligation to

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word or phrase that is OPPOSITE in meaning to
the underlined part
Question 4: After five days on trial, the court found him innocent of the crime and he was
released.
A. guilty

B. naive

C. innovative

D. benevolent

Question 5: Affluent families find it easier to support their children financially.
A. Privileged

B. Impoverished



D. complete coincidence

Question 2: These were the people who advocated using force to stop school violence.
A. openly criticised

B. publicly said

C. publicly supported

D. strongly condemned

Question 3: Within a week on display at the exhibition, the painting was hailed as a masterpiece.
A. an expensive work of art

B. a down-to-earth work of art

C. an excellent work of art

D. a large work of art

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word or phrase that is OPPOSITE in meaning to
the underlined part
Question 4: The consequences of the typhoon were disastrous due to the lack of precautionary
measures.
A. damaging

B. beneficial

C. severe

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word or phrase CLOSEST in meaning to the
underlined part in each of the following questions.
Question 1: A special exhibition of Indian art will be opened at the National Museum next month.
A. painting

B. programme

C. music

D. show

Question 2: Traffic began to flow normally again after the accident.
A. with the same speed

B. in the usual or ordinary way

C. strangely and irregularly

D. repeatedly in different modes

Question 3: Don’t be concerned about your mother’s illness; she’ll recover soon.
A. surprised at

B. worried about

C. embarrassed at

D. angry with

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word or phrase OPPOSITE in meaning to the

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word or phrase that is closest in meaning to the
underlined part
Question 1: The crew divided the life preservers among the twenty terrified passengers as the
ship began to sink.
A. exhausted

B. surprised

C. frightened

D. excited

Question 2: You must answer the police’s questions truthfully; otherwise, you will get into
trouble.

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TÀI LIỆU THI THPT QUỐC GIA 2017 MÔN TIẾNG ANH

A. exactly as things really happen

B. with a negative attitude

C. in a harmful way

D. as trustingly as you can

Question 3: My mom is always bad-tempered when I leave my room untidy.
A. feeling embarrassed


3. D

4. B

5. A

Đề tuyển sinh Đại học năm 2011
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word or phrase that is closest in meaning to the
underlined part
Question 1: His new work has enjoyed a very good review from critics and readers.
A. viewing

B. regard

C. opinion

D. look

Question 2: Such problems as haste and inexperience are a universal feature of youth.
A. marked

B. separated

C. shared

D. hidden

Question 3: We have lived there for years and grown fond of the surroundings. That is why we
do not want to leave.


C. consideration
3. C

D. speculation
4. C

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5. A