Oxford

Grammar
forSchools

O X FO R D


Oxford

Grammar
for Schools

Martin Moore

O XFO RD
UNIVERSITY PRESS


O XFO RD

l.'Si IVMtSITY ['liK-;'-

Great ClajMttidtill Street. Oxford, o x * 6 q i ', United Kingdom
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Introduction
Oxford Grammar for Schools helps students develop a
detailed understanding of gram m ar form and use in
context, and inspires them to have fun with Eng[ish
through personalized activities, gam es and role play.
The gram m ar is introduced or revised through easyto-read tables and illustrated presentations with clear

At the end of the book there are five pages of extra

examples, all level-appropriate, The exercises build

in class with any coursebook to support and reinforce

from controlled activities up to more com municative
and productive skilis-based activities. In each unit there

rate their progress in each exercise, which helps them
to take responsibility for their own learning and also
increases motivation.

The Student's DVD-ROM Includes all the exercises in
the Student's Book, as well as all the audio recordings
for the listening an d pronunciation activities. Students
can also access an d print out extra interactive
activities, giving them motivating additional practice
for hom ew ork.The teacher can also use the DVD-ROM
on an Interactive whiteboard in class.

Key to the symbols
O o .o

A

{0.0 = track number)

Listening activity
Speaking activity
Gom e

/

Extended writing activity

©

Pronunciation activity

Quantities: a/an/some; container words
Articles: The/a/an/no article

2

Some and any; indefinite
pronouns

Some/any/no; requests and offers
Indefinite pronouns: sam e-/any-/every-/na’'

11

3

Quantifiers

Much, many, a lot of, a few, a little
Too much, too many, (not) enough

15

4

Personal pronouns; impersonal
there and it/they

Personal pronouns
Impersonal it/they and there



Past simple: regular verbs
Past simple: be
Past simple: irregular verbs
Time expressions: in, last, yesterday, on, ago

35

8

Past continuous

Past continuous: time expressions
Past continuous or past simple?
When/while

41

9

Present perfect

Present perfect: time expressions (unfinished); gone vs been
Present perfect with just, alread y, yet and still
Present perfect with since and for

45

10



Units 6-12

______________

67

13

To + the infinitive and the -ing
form

To + the infinitive
-ing form: go + -ing; -ing as subject
Verbs with to + the infinitive or -ing

73

14

Reported speech

Tense changes
Pronoun changes
Say vs tell
Time and place references

78

Revision 3


Units 15-16

94

17

Question words

What, when, where, who, why, how
What vs which
Whose vs who's
How 4 adjective/adverb
Subject and object questions

96

18

Question tags

Pronunciation and meaning: checking information;
helping conversation

103

19

Relative pronouns


22

Second conditional

Second conditional
First vs second conditional

120

23

I wish

I wish + past simple
I wish + would

123

Revision 6

Unit 21-23

125

24

Comparison: adjectives and
adverbs

Comparative and superlative adjectives


27

Prepositions of place and
movement

In, at, on 4 place
Prepositions of place
Prepositions of movement

144

28

Expressions with prepositions

By, for, in, on, with

148

R evisio n s

Units 26-28

151

29

Active and passive



173

Irregular verb list

176

Contents

5


Nouns, quantities and articles
! can use countable and uncountable nouns and articles*

Countable, uncountable and plural nouns

Spelling rules
Most nouns:
pencil - pencils

car - car

Nouns ending in -s, -ss, -sh, -ch, -x:
glass - glass ■ box - box
Nouns ending in-or
piano - piano
radio - radio
There are two exceptions:
potato - potato?


O

apple burger cheese coffee egg fruit
grape oil orange pasta rice salt
sandwich toast vegetable water
Countable

6

Uncountable

Nouns, quontities ond articles

0 1.1 Circle the correct answer. Then listen
and check,

O

► I like fast car / c a r s .
1 Have you got any bread / breads?
2 I often eat grape / grapes for lunch.
3 Do you lister to music / musics in the car?
4 Tony doesn't enjoy exam / exams.
5 They don't understand the homework /
homeworks.
6 Have you got any information / informations
about the museum?
7 l can't find my money / moneys,
8 Lucy bought some T-shirt /T-shirts for her holiday,

14

.

petrol
person
advice
tooth
education
child
journey
electricity

O 1*2

What are they talking about?
Listen and number from 1-8.

a

b

Quantities
We use a or an with singular countable nouns.
I'd like an orange.
Have you got a phone?
We use a before a consonant sound and an before a
vowel sound.
a computer a house
a university (starts with l)k consonant sound)

7
8

some
music.

My cousins live in ________ apartment.
Please p u t________ butter on my sandwiches,
Can you buy m e _________of cheese?
Sill has g o t________ old watch.
I'dlike________ water.
Mrs Jackson is ________ science teacher,
Would you fike________ of tea?
The police officer w ants________ information
about the accident.
9 That's________ long email,
10 They need ______ new equipment for the gym.

J 6 Match the beginnings and ends of the sentences.
► Have you got a bag of d _ ?
1 Let's get her a box o f_____ .
2 Check in the fridge. I don't think we've got any
_____+

3 Can you get me a n _____ ?
4 I need two packets o f_____ .
5 There isn't an y_____ .
a
b
c

What sort would you like? We've got cheese or chicken.

Would you like the cheese or the chicken sandwich?
Could 1have the cheese sandwich , please?

Have you got a laptop? (= any laptop. The speaker
doesn't know which one.)

Did you bring the laptop? (=The speaker and the listener
both know which laptop they are talking about.)

We use a/an when we talk about something for
the first time.

We use the when we talk about something for
the second time,

She's got a bicycle. The bicycle is blue.

She's got a bicycle. The bicycle is blue.

We also use a/an when we are talking about
someone's job and when we mean one'
He's an actor . She's a teacher.
a hundred people an hour

We also use the before ordinal numbers in dates,
especially when we are speaking.
the third o f January the tenth o f May
We use the when we talk about musical instruments.

S

8

_________________________ repair cars and lorries.
__________________________ cut people's hair.
__________________________grow food and look after animals,
__________________________catch criminals and protect people.
_________________________ serve food and drinks In restaurants.
__________________________ design houses and other buildings.
__________________________sell products In shops.
look after people's teeth.

Nouns, quontities and articles


»8

© O i ■3 Read the information, then listen and
repeat the words.

©

A, an and the are normally not stressed
They have'weak'vowel sounds.

9

£11



the airport
the umbrella

is t htre

¡eÉtte?

No, there tstVt
a lûiïirtÆkcti.

y&s, tiofire Is. a apple.
The apple is. ov^ the table,
is there a bar^a^a?

© O i .4 Tick (✓ ) the correct sound. Listen and
check. Then listen and repeat.
► ____ new coat
hi 0
/an/ 0

5 ____ amazing game
hi 0
/an/ 0

1 ____ easy question
hi 0
/on/ 0

6 ____ important

blue or black?'
5 'Is there a / the computer in your classroom?'
'No, there isn't.'
6 'Can 1 have a / the banana?' 'Sorry,That banana
is for your dad.'
7 'I'm reading a new book.' 'What is a / the book
about?'
8 'Where is a / the car?' 'It's over there.'
9 'How long is the journey?' 'An / The hour and
fifteen minutes.'
10 I don't know an / the answer to this question.

£ 1 2 o 1.5 Number the sentences from 1 to 6.
Then listen and check.
a

On the desk is a computer and next
to it is a lamp.

b ____

There is a big bedroom and a small
bedroom.

c ____

The computer has a webcam.

d


4 W as________ fish good yesterday?
5 Mike sp eaks________ German a n d _________ Turkish.
6 We have________ science at eleven o'clock on
Mondays.
7 Which shoes do you prefer? 1like________ red ones.
8 Jill plays_________piano beautifully.
9 Mary lives o n _________Bridge Road.
10 Do you have________ sugar in your coffee?

::1 4

vudey
bom owthe twelfth of .septem-ber.
S b i lives a t ...

£ 1 7 0 1 . 7 Complete the dialogue with a, an, some,
the or - (no article),Then listen and check,
Henry
Paul
Henry
Paul

o i.6

Listen and complete the table.
Use cr, an, the or - (no article).
Date of birth

Address


to be

Henry

Work in pairs. Ask your partner questions
and write the Information in the table.
----------------------------------------- 1
Date of birth

j

Address
Parents'jobs
Favourite
subjects
Musical
instrument
Future plans
Whew were you. bom., vld ey?
o n the twelfth o f September.

10

Nouns, quantities ond articles

How are you, Paul?
I've got
aw
exam next week, so I'm
a bit nervous.

and any in negative sentences and questions.
I'd like som e chips.
There isn't any bread.
Have you got any homework?

We can sometimes use any in affirmative sentences,
to mean it doesn't matter which!
'Which bus do I take?' 'You can take any bus. They all
go to the town centre!
We sometimes use no for emphasis instead of
n o t ... any.
There isn't any bread left. ** There's no bread left!

But we can use some in questions if we are making
a request or an offer,
Can I have some water?
Would you like some help?
Circle the correct word.

Read the answers and write the questions.

► I've got any / some water in my bag.

► )£ ttoere
mille. Ln the -fylcigte?__________________
Yes, there ts some milk in the fridge.
1
?
Yes, please. I'd like some coffee,
2

! haven't got a / any pen. Can you lend me one?
My dad doesn't do any / some work at the
weekends.
I've downloaded a / some new music onto my
iPod.
Our teacher gave us a n y } some good advice
before the exam.
i would like any / some fruit for lunch.
l haven't got a / any money in my pocket,

Unit 2

11


Write the second sentence so that it m eans the
same as the first. Use no.

1 6 0 2 . 1 Complete the dialogue with some, any, a, * .
an, or no. Then listen and check,
^ 1^

► There isn't any salt in my pasta.
There's vw> salt in
-pasta._________________

Mum:

We've got some
dinnertonight.

Oscar:

► I need to go to the shops. We've / We haven't
got any bread.

OK. I'll g e t10*________ juice. What type would
you like?

Mum:

G e t 11_________type of juice. I don't mind.

Oscar:

OK, I'm going to Fred's house first and then
I'll go to the supermarket

Mum:

There's u ________ time to go to Fred's house.
I need those things immediately,

Oscar:

OK,

2 There weren't any buses yesterday.
3 There isn't any water in the pool.
4 We haven't got any time for shopping.
5 I haven't got any minutes on my phone.

7
8
9
10

12

Can I have some inform ation about train times?
Have you got________ to wear for the tennis lesson?
There a re ________ and forks on the table.
We haven't g o t________ so we can't buy the tickets.
'is there
. in your iunchbox?"Yes, a nice red
juicy one.'
Shall 1make yo u_________sandwiches?
Are th e re ________ ? I want to make an omelette,
There's_________in this drink. It's heaithy.
Would you like________ for lunch? It's cold today.
Have you g o t________ ? You have school
tomorrow,
Put o n __________It's raining.

some and cmy; indefinite pronouns

friends coming here for

Work in pairs. Read the instructions and
write a dialogue. Use some, any, a a nd an.
Act out the dialogue with your partner.
Student A:

to buy cola.

Student B:

Say you will buy cola.

I'm, H®|ftlel*v0

kvow.

W ould ijou- LLfce s,om£ hekp?


Indefinite pronouns

S9

We use indefinite pronouns when we talk about an
unknown thing (something), person (someone,
somebody) or place (somewhere).
There's someone of the door, i don't know who it is.
Did you do anything on Sunday?
I can't find it anywhere.
some-

any-

every-

► .s c w i one is talking to your dad. Who is it?

anywhere

everywhere

nowhere
_____________ J

5
6
7
8
9
10

We use pronouns with some- in affirmative sentences
and pronouns with any- in negative sentences and
questions. See page 11 for the rules.
-one and -body have the same meaning,
Som eone/Som ebody wants to talk to you.
We use a singular verb with every- and no-.
is everything OK?
No one enjoys exams.
We normally use only one negative word.
We
see anything , We---------see
;.
said anything. .................................. 1
0
9
8

Be quiet! Don't say anything / anyone.
Can som eone/som ew here dose the window,
please?
It wasn't funny. Nobody / Nothing laughed-

0 2 . 2 Complete the words with some-, any-,
or no-. Then listen and check.

:n o

It's a cat!'
I went to Pat's house but there wasn't________ one
there.
My town is boring.There's_______ where to go in
the evening.
't can hear________ body's phone.'
'It's mine.Thanks!'
'How much does it c o st?''________ thing. It's free!'
_________one can do that. It's easy.
Can we g o ________ where quiet?
'I don't like sport, books or computer games,'
'Do you lik e ________ thing?'

o 2.3

Listen to the interviews with Gemma and
John and com pletethe table with names and
words from the box.
in another town basketball dance fishing
flute football golf painting piano



o 2.4 Complete the dialogue with the words in
the box.Then listen and check.
anything anywhere everyone
nothing someone something
May

>14

Say a sentence using an indefinite
pronoun. Your partner guesses if it's
true or false.

everything
somewhere

&t>hieojịịỊ£ ív
May

So did*

Jill

Yes. We all loved it. But I don't think we ll
go back. My parents prefer to g o 7
different every year.

enjoy the holiday?

Write a letter about a bad holiday. Use the
phrases below, with indefinite pronouns.
Invent other information.

I thlwte.that's fflUe. ! dairt/t ttútrtJe
flirt,yoirt,e CkV yũirt,r-fflmXLirt has arse® eyes,

There's ivíthLwg ¿VV rtty pứcleet.
I thLirtJe that's true. There's twkhivLQ iiA,
yữirtr poCnteet,

£ 1 5 Circle the correct option.
► Everyone was / were very tired,
1 I saw anybody / somebody famous yesterday.
2 There's / There are nothing in the cupboard.
3 She ate a / some bread and cheese.
4 We went som ething / somewhere very
interesting.


bfld

_________ewjayed it

r w as Dirt, ViüLleíflH Last Wfidte. Every til Ltrtg was

tcrribLfi.
14
15

14

some and ony; indefinite pronouns

Rate your progress.


Quantifiers
I can talk about quantity.

Much , many, a lot of, a few, a little

We use much, m any a lot of, a few and a little to talk
about quantity.
We use a lot of or lots of to mean a iarge quantity
We use them in affirmative sentences (except in
formal written English, where we can use, for example,
a (large) number of).
We've got a lot o f cafés in our town.


Negative

not much

not many

Questions

much

many

Affirmative

Circle the correct option.

We can sometimes use quantifiers without nouns,
when it is dear what we mean.
7s there much bread left?' 'No. Not much.1
'How many people were at the concert?' 'A fot.'
I

_ ,,j

► Lots of my friends live / lives near my sch o o l.^ ^ ^
There is 1 are a lot of lemonade in your fridge,
There is / are a lot of dirty socks in your bedroom.
A lot of their music is / are very loud.
Lots of famous footballers drive / drives fast cars.

Do you g e t________ snow in your country?
I don't need_________money,
D id ________ people go swimming yesterday?
There aren't________ things to do here.
'Do they speak French?' 'No, N ot________
They didn't e a t_________cake,
There aren't________ trees in this park.
Did your teacher give y o u ________ advice about
the exam?
10 I can't s e e ________ boats on the sea.

Unit3

15


Write questions with you and much or many.
spend / time on the internet
ü p you.
rn.uc.ln
play / football

5 send /text messages
__7
?

6 know ! people from other countries

?


► They haven't got many books.
Tfo¿y'vi a c t olot o f
books.

► There's a lot o f ___________________ snow.
1 There a re _____________________________ cars.

► There's a lot of work to do.
isn't: vhhcM
work to do.1
1 There are lots of mountains in this area.
_____________________________ mountains in this area.
2 We haven't got much time.
time.
3 This car uses a lot of petrol,
petrol.
4 Vicky has got lots of friends,
_____________________________ friends.
5 There weren't many difficult questions,
difficult questions,
6 She watches a lot of television,
television.
7 A lot of children enjoy cooking.
children enjoy cooking.

4 There's_____________________________ work.
5 There a re _____________________________ people.

S There isn't much sugar in this coffee.
sugar in this coffee.

could you help me pack my shirts? I need to take
J______________ T-shirts for two weeks, but! only need
1______________ jumpers.

8

have

breakfast?

i have a Lot of breakfast, r
a tot
o f toast with jHÍufe a Little yoghu.rt,
a few ^Utñs. of f ruto, a
i drlu-k
tots e f tea.

0 3 2 Listen to Katy talking about what she eats
and drinks. Complete the table with not much,
not many, a lot of, a few, a little, no.
breakfast

potatoes

orange juice

biscuits

toast


*

Do you have much breakfast?
Do you eat much meat or fish?
Do you prefer pasta, rice or potatoes?
Do you eat many sweet things (biscuits,
cake, etc.)?
* Do you eat much fruit? Do you eat many
vegetables?
* What do you drink?
r have a tot of breakfast, i eat a tot of toast with
jfliu , a Little yoghurt, a -few ■ptoc-es of fru it, aud
r d riu k tots of tea.

Too much , too many and enough
We use too much and too many with nouns to say
that there is a bigger quantity than we want or need.
The bus is going to be late.
There's too much traffic.
We use too much with uncountable nouns and
too many with countable nouns. We use them in
affirmative sentences.
You put too much sugar in my coffee.
There are too many books. I can't carry them all.
We use enough to say that there is the correct
quantity. We use not enough to say that there is a
smaller quantity than we want or need - it is the
oppos ite of too much/many. We use enough with
uncountable and countable nouns.
'It costs £25. Have you got enough m oney7' Yes. I've

there's__________________ time. We
have to leave immediately.'
3 There's enough / isn't enough
snow.

3 Would you like more
chips?' 'No, thanks. I've got

4 There's__________________ traffic.
We're going to be late,
5 'Where are we meeting? And
what time?' '1 don't know.
There's__________________
information.'
6 Tm really hot!''You're wearing
clothes.'
1 There are enough / aren't
enough fingers.

4 There's enough / isn't enough
money.

7 'It's a long way to
London.' 'Don't worry. We've
g o t__________________ petrol.'
8 There are__________________
advertisements at the cinema.
You have to wait a long time for
the film to start.
9 'Does Jill d o _________


c 1ea n a ir.
pollution,
cars and lorries,
bicycles,
trees,
electricity.
televisions and computers,
solar power.

10 He's feeling sick. He drank
cola.


14

Student A says a sentence using too
much, too many or not enough. Student B
changes the sentence to give the
opposite meaning. Use the words in the
box or your own ideas.

In winter, there's1'much snow and that's great for
skiing. But in the summer there's 12not enough
rain, so you can't do outdoor activities very often.
► 7here are
► ^

buses cafés chips clothes exams films
food homework money noise paper

12

Read the text in exercise 15 agai n.
Then write about your town.

cafés cinemas houses noise people
pollution rain shops snow supermarkets
traffic trees parks roads
There are a Lot of good tk m g s about Hey towko.
There a r t ...

There's a lot of good things about my town.
First, it's a beautiful place, with lots of parks and
trees. There are also ’a lot mountains near the
town, and in winter you can see 2much snow.
Second, there isn't 3enough traffic, so it's quiet
and we don't get 4much pollution.
There are, however, Ea little bad things. 6There
aren't much to do in the evening. There isn't a
cinema; there are only 7a few cafes; and “there are
many clothes shops, so we have to go to the next
town to buy clothes. Fortunately, there are “many
supermarkets, so we always have 10enough food!

Unit3

19


Personal pronouns;

1 Our grandmother lives with w e /u s.
2 They / Them weren't at school today,
3 I / me am reading an interesting book,
4 Id like to meet h e / him.
5 This pen belongs to she / her.
6 Can w e / u s go to the park?
7 Jane and Sarah didn't wait for they / them.
8 Where does he / him live?
9 Harry sat down next to I / me.
10 ! think she / her is funny.

20

Personal pronouns; impersonal there and it/theg

Subject

Object

l

me

you

you

he

him

and To m. Complete the sentences with the
correct pronouns.
► Mrs Fox has two children: Anna and Tom. mgjj
are in my class,
1 Anna is very nice. I lik e ________ a lo t
2 Tom bought a new pen, but he lo st________
yesterday.
3 Anna and I are friends__________often do our
homework together,
4 Anna and Tom were at the shopping centre on
Saturday. I s a w ________ at the bookshop.
5 Tom likes computer games__________plays them
every day.
6 Anna and Tom visited the Khalifa Tower last year.
's incredibly tali!
7 I was late yesterday, but Anna waited for_________
8 Tom has two good friends, Robert and Fred. They
goto school w ith _________
9 Anna's got dark hair b u t________ s got blue eyes,
10 Mrs Brown is one of our teachers. She teaches
________ history.


YY-r-

Read the text and look at the pronouns in bold.
Write the noun for each pronoun.
My name's Jack, I am IS years old and I live in
Manchester. ’ It is a big city in England and I love
2it.


Kim

Hi, Jane, How are yoivc

?

Jane

1________ 'm fine. What are you doing?

Kim

I'm going to Emily's house,

Jane

Emily? B u t 3________ ,'s still at school,

Kim

Are you sure? I spoke to her this morning
and she agreed to m eet3________ at four
o'clock at her house.

Jane

Well, I s a w _________at school She was with
Beth,s________ were talking to Mr Salmon.


I don't. Maybe you can h e lp 11________ !

Jsaw ELkw, Di'v t v yesterday,
ihey'irt {ootíoữLUrs.

Unit 4

21


Impersonal it/they and there
We sometimes use it as an impersonal subject. In
these cases, it doesn't mean a person or a thing,
We use it to talk about:
the weather
Its sunny.
a.
thetime
Its half past th ree.

dates
Its Thursday.
Its the tenth o f February,
d ista nee
Its 120 kilometres to London.

We use impersonal there + be to say that something
exists,The real subject comes after the verb.
There's a book under your chair.
There are some new computers in our classroom.

it a second time, we use it or they.
There's a spider in the bathroom. (= new information)
Its very big! (We know you're talking about the
spider now)
There are a lot of advertisements on TV (= new
information)
/ think they're boring. (We know'they'means the
advertisements)

22

Beijing (China) Dubai (UAE)
New Delhi (Endia] New York (USA)
London time

Weather
Distance
from London

► There's / it's the fourteenth of July

Interesting
sights

Personal pronouns; impersonal there and it/they

Student ß

Local time



Local time

City
w h it t

U

it

y £ > u r tûw iA ,?

It's SÊVfit't o'&to&k, i-l'Vtkfi 1M.0Yvdtag,


1 0 Complete the sentences with there, it, they and
.
is, are , was or were.
► There are
Nepal. Then art
the world.

a lot of mountains in
the highest in

1

a football match on TV
very exciting,


3
4
there are yours.
5 I like films. But rr
cinema. ________
6 My grandmothe
country. ________
7
like to come with them?
8 There are five kilometres to the city centre.

three books on the
9
10

1 2 Read Katy's em aiI to her new pen friend.
Complete the text. Write one word in each gap.

Write an email to a pen friend. Describe
your town and your family.

Dear Jill
lrd like to be your pen friend. Let me tell ljqu.
about myself
1________ live in Inverness. 2_________ is a small city in
Scotland.3________ are 60,000 people in the city,
I like4_______ here.

...


»
1
2
3
A
5
6
7

5-~u

8
9
10
11
12
13

Unit 4

23


Demonstrativesand possessives
I can use demonstratives and possessives to describe and identify nouns.

Demonstrative Pronouns; one and ones
We use this and these for things that are near us.
This jacket isn't the rightsize.
We use that and those for things that are not near us.

4 ________ . chips here are for you.
5 Do you remember________ day at the beach
last year?
6 'Why are you w earing________ gloves?' 'My hands
are cold.'
7 I'm trying to do my homework, b u t! don't
understand________ question.
8 '________ are my grandparents.' 'Hello. Nice to
meet you.'

24

Demonstratives and possessives

t

2

O 5.1 Complete the sentences with a word from
the box and one or ones. Then listen and check.
big

black

old

red

that