B(> GIAO Dl)C VA DAO T~O
TRUC1NG DAI
. HOC KINH TE TP.HCM

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DOAN THJ THAD

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MOT
. SO GIAI PHAP NHAM DAY MANH
. HOAT
.
DONG
. KHAI THAC THUONG MAl TAl
. c.Ac CANG

m~i

cang hang khong ............................................................ 3

1.3.1. D~c di~m cua kinh doanh cang hang khong ............................................ 3
I.3.2. T6 ch(tc khai thac thu'cJng m~i cang hang khong ...................................... 5
1.4. Ngu6n thu cua cang hang khong ........................................................................ 7
I.5. Xu lutdng thu'ong m~i h6a khai thac cang hang khong ...................................... 8
1.5.1. Xu hu'dng thu'ong

m~i

h6a khai thac cang hang khong ............................ 8

1.5.2. Thtfc ti€n kinh doanh cua m()t s6 cang hang khong tren tht gidi. ......... 11

Chtiong 2- THTjC TR~NG KHAI THA C THUONG M~I T ~I CA C cANG
HANG KHONG CUA VI~T NAM
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11.1. Gidi thic$u he$ th6ng cang hang khong cua Vic$t Nam ..................................... 14
11.2.

Ho~t

thac thu'ong m~i ................................................................ ~ ................................. 23
11.6. Danh gia v~ ho~t d()ng khait hac thu'ong m~ti t~i cac CHK ci1a VN .............. 25
II.6.1. Nh~n xet v~ kha nang khai thac thu'ong m~i. ...................................... 25
II.6.2. Danh gia v~ ho~t d()ng khai thac thu'ong m~i ...................................... 26


Chtidng 3- MOT SO GIAI PHAP NHAM DAY M~NH HO~ T DONG KHAI
THAC THUONG M~I CHK CUA VI:@:T NAM
111.1. .E>jnh htfdng phat tri~n he$ th6ng CHK cua Vic$t Nam de"n nam 2010 ............ 34
III.l.l. Qmin di~m phat tri~n ......................................... ~ ................................ 34
111.1.2 . .E>jnh hudng ph a ttri~n he$ th6ng CHK ................................................. 36
III.l.3 . .E>jnh hudng pha t tri~n kinh doanh CHK ............................................. 36
III.2. D\f bao v€ thj truong v~n tai hang khong Vic$t nam de"n nam 2010 .............. 37
III.3. M()t s6 ghii phap nh~m d~y mc,1nh hoc,1t d()ng khai thac thuong mc,1i cang
hang khong cua Vic$t Nam ................................................................................. 39
III.3 .1. Gi:H ph a p v€ t6 chuc qmin ly .............................................................. 39
III.3.2. Giai phap v€ td chuc kinh doanh ........................................................ .42
111.3.3. Nang d(p va xay dlfng san bay theo djnh hudng thuong mc,1i h6a ...... .47
111.3.4. Xay dlfng chie"n lu

ICAO

-T6 CI-HJC HANG KHONG DAN SlJ THf: GIOI
(International Cicil Aviation Organization)

-

lATA

- HieP HOI vAN T A1 HANG KHaN a THE: aioi
(International Air Transport Association)

-

TMMD

- THUONG M~I MAT DAT

-

DHBQC

- DI~U HANH BAY QUA cANH


DANH MVC CAC BANG
trang
Bang 1 - Thu nh~p phi hang khong cda m()t s6 san bay o Chau My La
Tinh


Bang 8 - Ho~t d{)ng nhtt~ng quy~n khai thac t~i cac CHK qu6c te' cda
Vic$t Nam

21

Bang 9 - S61ic$u th6ng ke v~ tlnh hlnh kinh doanh cda cac Cvm cang

29

Bang 10- Thu nh~p & Chi phi nam 2001- Ct}m cang hang khong Mi~n
bite & Mi~n nam

33

Bang 11 - San 1tt~ng v~n tai HK tren thj trttong Vic$t Nam

38

Bang 12- Dt! bao ltt~ng hanh khach thong qua cac CHK qu6c te' cda
Vic$t Nam

39


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My rna cac qu6c gia trong

.A Thai Blnh Du'dng cling ra't quan tam de'n xu hu'ong nay.

Tuy nhien, cho de'n nay, m~c du m

t6 ch(tc ngay cang nhi€u cac hoc.tt d()ng djch Vt.t

thu'dng mc.ti phi hang khong khac


- 2-

nhhm dap ung nhu c~u cua con ngu'oi, d6ng thai tang ngu6n thu cho cac cang
hang khong. Quan ni~m cang hang khong la ffiQt cong tdnh cong CQng d~n du'
trtJc tie'p de'n vit$c v~n chuy~n du'
khong vua la ngttC1i mang khach hang (hanh khach thong qua cang) cho CHK.
Ngu6n thu til' cac djch Vl,l cung ung cho ho(;lt d(>ng v~n tai cua cac hang hang
khong thttbng bj gidi h(;ln, cac cang hang khong luon bj d(>ng trong vi~c phat
tri~n thj trttbng nay, hdn nii'a, CHK h~u nhtt ra't kh6 trong vi~c gay anh httdng

tn.fc tie'p de'n san lttt each chu d(>ng nha't? M(>t httdng di, hic;n nay

du'ng hang khong va phi
.hang khong d€u tang nhu'ng ty ~~ tang CUa doanh thu tlt ho(;lt d(}ng thu'dng ITI(;li
phi hang khong nhanh hdn so vdi ngu6n thu til' cac ho(;lt d(>ng hang khong.

'tl

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70
60

-

50

.0

=

..c:

40

!2t
.....
!-

7

8

!'. . . . . . . . . .
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20

·-1--- -- --------1 \

- ---1-----1

9

10

11

LL(
doanh thong thuang khac nhu'ng doanh l nhfi'ng djch V\) nay; Vl nhfi'ng djch V\) nay khong nhfi'ng da d~ng ma COn rfft
khac bi~t Va nhi~U djch V\1 doi hoi tinh chuyen nghi~p cao; hon nfi'a, ne'u cang tlf
dung ra khai thac toan b(> thi c6 th~ hi~u qua thu du'
Phi

ph~;~c v~;~

hang h6a

Phi

ph~;~c Vl}

may bay va cac djch
Vl} phl)C Vl) ngoai san de) (ne'u cac
djch Vl) nay do nha chtl'c tnich
san bay cung cilp)

nh~p

m~i/phi

hang

tu ho(;lt d(>ng cho thue

Thu nh~p nhttng cua san bay (vd: kinh doanh da't
dai, ... )


- 8-

- Thu nh~p hang khong bao g6m cac khoan thu tu cac ho;;tt d()ng c6 lien quan

tn,tc tie'p de'n cac ho;;tt d()ng hang khong nhu' phi xti' ly hanh khach, hang h6a, phi
h;;t d(t canh may bay, canh giu, v~ sinh may bay, di~u hanh bay, djch vv xi't ly
may bay, phi ca'p nhien li~u. phvc vv hanh khach.
Thu nh~p phi hang khong la cac khoan thu tu cac ho;;tt d()ng khai thac thu'dng
m;;ti trong nha ga,· san bay nhu': cac dich vv cho thue, etta hang mi~n thue", ngan
hang, bu'U di~n. ban le, kinh doanh bai d~u xe, cac djch vv an uO'ng, khach s~n.
vui chdi giai tri, va cac khoan thu tu vi~c nhu'

Vi~c chu tr<,>ng de"n cac ho~t d()ng thll'dng m~i t~i cang hang khong

tren the" gioi da lam cho ngu6n thu nh~p phi hang khong chie"m ty tr<,>ng ngay cang
IOn. Cac nha quan Iy cang c6 thien hU'ong phat tri8n kinh doanh thU'dng mf;li cang
hang khong va xem day Ia ngu6n thu ti~m tang c6 kha nang khai thac.
Ngoai ra, hang Io~t cac cang hang khong khac, m~c du
dU'cJC xem ddn thuftn Ia nhfi'ng cong trlnh cong CQng phl,IC

tu tnl'dc de"n nay v§n

Vl,J

cong ich, nhll'ng nay

cung voi xu hU'ong phat tri8n kinh te" cua quo'c gia va the" gioi va trU'oc nhfi'ng doi
hoi phai d6i moi va phat tri8n da xay dlfng chie"n lU'cjc kinh doanh san bay theo
hll'ong thll'dng m~i h6a. Vi dt,~ nhlt trll'Clng hcJp ctia cang hang khong quo'c te"
Samara (C()ng Hoa Lien bang Nga), hay Cang hang khong quo'c te" Copenhagen
(Dan MC;lch) .... qua vi~c th~tc hi~n chie"n lU'cJc thltdng m~i h6a khai thac cang hang
khong, da tung budc nang cao ducJc t6ng doanh thu cling nhtt ty I~ doanh thu phi
hang khong. Ne"u nhu each day vai nam, ty I~ doanh thu ty I~ doanh thu tu ho~t


- II -

d

37
38

25
31
35

(Ngu&n: So' lifu thOng ke cila JCAO)

Bang 2 : Thu nhap phi himg khong ctia mQt stf san bay cua

My, Chau Au va Uc

Ty 1~ thu nh~p phi hang khong I t6ng thu nh~p
Nam 1976 (%)
Nam 1990 (%)
Nam 2000 (%)

San baylqu5c gia
Dallas-Fort Worth
Washington National
Houston Intercontinental
Boston Logan
New YorkJFK
Washington Dulles
Los Angeles
Las Vegas
San Francisco
Trung blnh san bay cua My


-

44

-

-

52
51
62

5
3
19

30
22
37

35
54

-

-

(NgufJn: So' lifu thong ke cila!CAO)


trong to~m b(> thu nh~p cua tung cang hang khong. C6 Stf khac nhau r6 rang trong
cd ca'u thu nh~p gifi'a cang hang khong ldn va nho : B6i vdi cang hang khong ldn
nhu' Bangkok- Thailand, thu nh~p hang khong chie'm 48% va thu nh~p phi hang
khong chie'm 52%. Trong khi dO'i vdi m

S\f phat trien cua thu nh~p phi hang khong khong nhfi'ng the hi~n qua S\f tang

len cua thu nh~p nay trong t6ng the thu nh~p cua cang hang khong, rna thong
tlutdng n6 du'

Cong sua't theo
dq an md r()ng
8 tri~u
8 tri~u
4 tri~u

Tru cvm cang hang khong mi€n Nam c6 ngu6n thu tu'dng d6i IOn c6 kha nang
bu dAp cac chi phi va c6 tich lfiy du'

Phong
kinh te'
ke' ho~ch

Phong
T5 chLtc

Vlin
phong
Cl}m
ciing

l

I

Phong
Tai
chinh

Phong
ky thu~t
cong
ngh~

Trung
Tam
khai thac

ng khai thac hang khong v~n dtt<;lc xem Ia ho~t d(>ng chu ye"u mang l~i thu

nh~p chinh cho CHK. Bi~u nay sau nay se du'
n'2,,.:;·

-~

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L!. . 51!L.3.Y.Jld_.J
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Chuy~n nhu'
Cho thue kho hang : Cac hang v~n chuy~n thttdng thue m