THE STRUCTURES OF THE SENTENCES IN ENGLISH
1.Would you like + Vinf …..?
2. Would you mind + V-ing….?
Would you mind if + clause (not true)
3. You had better + V- inf
- would rather + Vinf ….(than)
- prefer to inf => prefer sth to sth
4. too + adj + for O + to inf
5. adj+enough +for O + to inf
6. so +adj+ that + clause
- such (a/an) ….N + that + clause
7. It’s + adj+ to inf
* have a chance + to inf
8. I know + Noun Clause (Wh-w + S+V..)
9. Comparison of adjective.
- as + adj + as => not so/as +adj+as..
- better +than => more + adj +than
- the tallest in many => The most +adj
10. advice/ tell/ ask/ request + sb + to inf
- have/ beg + sb+ Vinf
11. Wish – present=> S+ V-ed/ V2 (be = WERE)
- past => S+ had +PP…
- future => S +would + Vinf >< S + hope + will+Vinf
12. Unless = If not
13. That is the first time + past clause => S + present perfect + since/ for + time
14. If only S+ would Vinf => If only you would stop complaining!
15. Tag-question: I am a teacher, aren’t I?
You’re listening to me, are you?
16. so am I/ so do I = I am, too/ I do,too.
- I am not either/ I don’t either = Neither am I / Neither do I .
17. not only…but also…as well

Note: She said, “Are you thirsty, Mary?”
 She asked Mary if (whether) she was thirsty.
1. Change in tense
Direct speech Reported speech
Present simple past simple
Present Progressive past Progressive
Future simple would + verb
Can/ may could/ might
2. Change in adverbs and articles
this → that
these → those
here → there
now → then
tomorrow → the following day
today → that day
Direct speech Reported speech
Present simple
… progressive
Future simple
can/ may
must had to
needn’t didn’t have to
II. Reported questions:
→ Yes/ No questions (if/ whether )
Notes:
S + asked ( O)
Wanted to know + If/ whether +
Wondered S + V
adj + er and +adj + er
more and more +adj

The adj +er + S+ V, The adj +er + S+ V
The more +adj + S+ V, The more +adj + S+ V