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MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING
HA NOI NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF EDUCATION

LAI THU HIEN

THE STRUCTURE AND ROLE OF ORIBATID MITE COMMUNITY (ACARI: ORIBATIDA)
IN THE RED RIVER DELTA, NORTH OF VIETNAM

Major: Zoology
Code:

9420103

SUMMARY OF PHD THESIS IN BIOLOGY

Ha Noi – 2019

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This thesis has been completed at Hanoi National University
of Education

Scientific Advisor: Prof. D.Sc.Vu Quang Manh


Delta is a large area, accounting for about 7.1% of the country. There have been some studies on the community
of land animals in general and the oribatida mite community in particular, but the researches are incomplete.
Base on the scientific meaning, practical requirements and the ability to perform, we propose research
topics:
« The structure and roles of Oribatid mite community (Acari: Oribatida) in the Red River Delta,
North of Vietnam »
2. Objectives of the study
Study on species composition and variation of oribatida mite (Acari: Oribatida) community in the Red
river Delta, related to natural and human factors: type of soil, type of habitat and fertilizer; make scientific basis
for sustainable management of agricultural ecology in Vietnam.
3. Research content


Investigate the diversity of species composition of oribatida mite community in the soil ecosystem of the
Red River Delta.



Analyse the taxonomic structure of oribatida mite community in the study area and their relevance to
some related areas.



Study the structure of oribatida mite community and their variation related to the type of habitat.



Study the oribatida mite community structure and their variation related to soil type and fertilizer
characteristics.


CHAPTER 1: OVERVIEW
1.1 Overview of research on oribatida mite (Acari: Oribatida) in the world
In the world, research on oribatida mite was started in the early nineteenth century. Initial studies focused
on classification and fauna. So far, studies on the fauna have been increasingly expanded and developed in many
different areas and ecological conditions. The oribatida mite fauna of the world has been recorded 10,342 species
and subspecies, belonging to 1,249 varieties and 163 families. The studies on ecology and roles of oribatida mite
have achieved many significant achievements. The transformation of oribatida mite community structure has
been studied on different habitats, different elevations, different climates with different temperature and
humidity conditions…. From then, it has pointed out the acumen of oribatida mite to the changes of
environment, built a basis for the proposals that oribatida mitâtcn be used as a biological indicator for the living
environment, making an important contribution to biodiversity conservation research.
1.2 Study on oribatida mite (Acari: Oribatida) in Vietnam
In Vietnam, the first study on oribatida mite was conducted in 1967. By 2013, the Vietnamese oribatida
mite fauna has identified 320 species and subspecies, accounting for about 3.09% of the total number of known
species in the world. The number of studies in Vietnam is constantly increasing with the help of domestic and
foreign experts. The number of species is constantly increasing. Especially, in the period from 2007 to 2015, the
number of species of oribatida increased most rapidly with 355 species in 8 years. Most Studies are conducted in
the North. In the Central and the South, there are very few studies. According to Vu Quang Manh's statistics in
2013, there are 50 oribatida research points in Vietnam, divided into 9 regions. There are only 6 research sites
are in the central and southern regions of Vietnam.
The oribatida mite community has been studied in different ecological conditions. In terms of soil type,
oribatida mite community has been studied on 6 soil groups including: coastal saline soil, acidic alluvial soil,

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neutral alluvial soil, red brown pheralite soil, brown pheralite soil on rocky ground lime, reddish-brown soil on a
ghostly stone background. In terms of seasonal factors, oribatida mite community has been studied through 4
seasons: spring, summer, autumn and winter. In terms of human impact and forest degradation, the oribatida mite
community has been studied on 6 types of habitats: natural forest, human - disturbed forest, grassland and shrub

CHAPTER 2. TIME, LOCATION AND RESEARCH METHOD
2.1 Time and place of study
This study was conducted in 11 provinces and cities including: Vinh Phuc, Hanoi, Bac Ninh, Bac Giang,
Ha Nam, Hung Yen, Hai Duong, Hai Phong, Thai Binh, Nam Dinh, Ninh Binh. The time of collecting samples is
mainly in the years from 2014 – 2016. In addition, the research sample is additionally collected in 2017.

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2.2 Methods of researching and treatment specimens
2.2.1 Method of collecting research samples
The method of collecting soil samples and separating, analyzing and processing oribatida samples is used
according to the specialized standard method which has been applied synchronously in Vietnam (Krivolutsky
1975, Schinner et al 1996 và Vu Quang Manh 2003). Qualitative samples were collected from all provinces and
cities in the study area. Quantitative samples were collected from 4 provinces including: Nam Dinh (coastal
saline soil), Ha Nam (neutral alluvial soil), Ba Vi (Hanoi) (reddish yellow humus on the mountain), Bac Giang
(infertile soil). At each quantitative sampling point, soil samples is collected according to the following 3 or 4
habitats: human - disturbed forest, shrub grassland, cultivated land with perennial plants and agricultura land
with anual plants. Samples collected for experimental fertilization were carried out in the agricultural land of the
Red River Delta, including: soil without fertilization (ĐC), chemical fertilizer soil (CT1), soil with organic
fertilization (CT2), soil with microbiological fertilizer (CT3), soil with fertilizer and organic fertilizer (CT4).
2.2.2 Methods of separation and treatment treatment specimens
Filtering, analyzing and processing in oribatida samples according to specialized methods, wich is widely
used in the world and Vietnam. Filter oribatida sample according to the funnel Berlese –Tullgren method.
Filtering time is 7 days and nights continuously at laboratory temperature conditions 27 - 30ºC. The thick and
hard shell of oribatida was bleached by soaking in lactic acid for a few days.
2.2.3 Methods of analysis and classification
Identificating, measuring and taking a photo of oribatida was performed directly through the two-eyed
magnifying glass Labsc Euromex Arthema with 20 - 40 times magnification and the microscope Correct - Tokyo
Seiwa Optical with 40 - 100 times magnification.

2. Acaridae Leach, 1816
3. Mycetoglyphus fungivorus Oudemans, 1952 (**)
4. Acotyledon batsyler Zachvatkin, 1941(**)
5. Acotyledon sp.
6. Caloglyphus rodionovi Zachvatkin, 1973 (**)
7. Caloglyphus sp.
8. Acarus sino Linne’, 1758 (**)
3. Hypochthoniidae Berlese, 1910
9. Eohypochthonius crassisetiger Aoki, 1959 (*)
10. Malacoangelia remigera Berlese, 1913
11. Malacoangelia sp.
12. Hypochthoniella miutissimus (Berlese, 1904) (*)
4. Brachychthoniidae Thor, 1934
13. Liochthonius sp.
5. Cosmochthoniidae Grandjean, 1947
14. Cosmochthonius lanatus (Michael, 1885)
6. Epilohmanniidae Oudemans, 1923
15. Epilohmannia cylindrica cylindrica (Berlese,1904)
16. Epilohmannia minuta pacifica Aoki, 1965 (*)
17. Epilohmannia ovata Aoki, 1961 (**)
18. Epilohmannia xena (Mahunka, 1983)
19. Epilohmannia sp.1
20. Epilohmannia sp.2
21. Epilohmannia sp.3
22. Epilohmannoides xena (Mahunka, 1983) (*)
7. Lohmanniidae Berlese, 1916
23. Annectacarus africanus Balogh, 1961 (**)
24. Haplacarus javensis Hammer, 1979 (**)
25. Haplacarus pandanus Sengbusch, 1982 (**)
26. Haplacarus pairathi Aoki, 1965

N

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CLN

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47. Hoplophorella floridae Jacot, 1933
48. Hoplophorella schauenbergi (Mahunka, 1978)
(**)
49. Hoplophorella sp.1
50. Hoplophorella sp.2
12. Trhypochthoniidae Willmann, 1931
51. Allonothrus russeolus Wallwork, 1960 (*)
52. Archegozetes longisetosus Aoki, 1965
53. Trhypochthoniellus setosus Willman, kuriki et
Aoki, 1989 (**)
13. Malaconothridae Berlese, 1916
54. Malaconothrus sp.
55. Trimalaconothrus angustirostrum Hammer, 1966
56. Trimalaconothrus sp.
14. Nothridae Berlese, 1896
57. Nothrus baviensis Krivolutsky, 1998
58. Nothrus gracilis (Hammer, 1961)
59. Nothrus montanus Krivolutsky, 1998 (*)
60. Nothrus silvestris Nicolet, 1855 (**)
61. Nothrus sp.
15. Crotoniidae Thorell, 1876
62. Crotonia sp.
63. Holonothrus sp.
16. Nanhermanniidae Sellnick, 1928
64. Cyrthermannia sp.
33. Nanhermannia Berlese, 1913
65. Nanhermania sp.
17. Hermanniidae Sellnick, 1928
66. Hermanniag ladiata Aoki, 1965
67. Hermannia similis Balogh et Mahunka, 1967

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78. Austroceratoppia crassiseta (Balogh et Mahunka,
1967)
26. Eremulidae Grandjean, 1965
79. Eremulus avenifer Berlese, 1913
80. Eremulus sp.
81. Mahunkana bifurcata (Mahunka, 1987)
27. Damaeolidae Grandjean, 1965
82. Fosseremus laciniatus (Berlese, 1905) (*)
28. Eremobelbidae Balogh, 1961
83. Eremobelba bellicosa Balogh et Mahunka, 1967
84. Eremobelba capitata Berlese, 1913
85. Eremobelba sp.
29. Basilobelbidae Balogh , 1961
86. Basilobelba africana Wallwork, 1961 (**)
87. Xiphobelba ismalia Haq, 1980 (**)
30. Eremellidae Balogh, 1961
88. Eremella vestita Berlese, 1913
31. Oppiidae Sellnick, 1937
89. Lasiobelba kuehnelti (Csiszar, 1961)
90. Lasiobelba remota Aoki, 1959
91. Neoamerioppia vietnamica (Mahunka, 1988)
92. Taiwanoppia hungarorum (Mahunka, 1988)
93. Cryptoppia elongata Csiszar, 1961
94. Graptoppia italica (Bernini, 1973) (**)
95. Helioppia sol (Balogh, 1959)
96. Multioppia tamdao Mahunka, 1988
97. Multioppia sp.1
98. Multioppia sp.2
99. Ramusella assimilis Hammer, 1980 (**)
100. Ramusella clavipectinata (Michael, 1885)


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117. Acroppia curvispina (Mahunka, 1983) (**)
118. Congoppia deboissezoni Balogh et Mahunka,

141. Otocepheus duplicornutus duplicornutus Aoki,
1965
142. Otocepheus duplicornutus discrepans Balogh et
Mahunka, 1967
143. Otocepheus triplicicornutus (Balogh et Mahunka,
1967)
144. Otocepheus sp.
35. Carabodidae C.L.Koch, 1837
145. Austrocarabodes szentivanyi (Balogh et
Mahunka, 1967) (*)
146. Austrocarabodes sp.
147. Gibbicepheus baccanensis Jeleva et Vu, 1987
148. Odontocepheus florens (Balogh et Mahunka,
1967)
36. Tectocepheidae Grandjean, 1954
149. Tectocepheus minor Berlese, 1903
150. Tectocepheus elegans Ohkubo, 1977 (*)
151. Tectocepheus velatus (Michael,1880)
152. Tectocepheus sp.1
153. Tectocepheus sp.2
154. Tegeozetes tunicatus breviclava Aoki, 1970 (*)
37. Microtegeidae Balogh, 1972
155. Microtegeus coronatus (Balogh, 1970)

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166. Campachipteria sp.
167. Plakoribates neotropicus Balogh et Mahunka,
1978 (**)
43. Oribatellidae Jacot, 1925
168. Oribatella quadrispinata Hammer, 1962 (**)
169. Oribatella sculpturata Mahunka, 1987
44. Heterozetidae Kunst, 1971
170. Farchacarus calcaratus (Wallwork, 1965) (**)
171. Farchacarus philippinensis (Corpuz-Raros, 1979)
(*)
45. Ceratozetidae Jacot, 1925
172. Ceratozetella cuspidodenticulatus Kuliev, 1962
(**)
173. Ceratozetes mediocris Berlese, 1908 (*)
174. Fuscozetes fuscipes (Koch, 1844) (*)
46. Punctoribatidae Thor, 1937
175. Punctoribates hexagonus Berlese, 1908 (*)
47. Chamobatidae Thor, 1937
176. Hypozetes imitator (Balogh, 1959) (**)
48. Mochlozetidae Grandjean, 1960
177. Unguizetes clavatus Aoki, 1967
178. Uracrobates magniporosus Balogh et Mahunka,
1967
49. Oribatulidae Thor, 1929
179. Oribatula dubita (Coetzer, 1968) (**)
180. Oribatula gracilis Hammer, 1958
181. Oribatula longiporosa (Hammer, 1952) (**)
182. Oribatula pennata (Grobber, 1993) (*)
183. Oribatula prima (Ermilov et Anichkin, 2011) (*)
50. Liebstadiidae J. et P. Balogh, 1984

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203. Scheloribates obtusus Petzen, 1963 (**)
204. Scheloribates pallidulus (Koch, 1841)
205. Scheloribates parvus Pletzen, 1963 (*)
206. Scheloribates praeincisus (Berlese, 1910)
207. Scheloribates sp.1
208. Scheloribates sp.2
209. Scheloribates sp.3
210. Scheloribates grandiporosus (Hammer, 1973)
(**)
211. Bischeloribates dalaweus Corpuz-Raros, 1980
(**)
212. Bischeloribates heterodactylus Mahunka, 1988
(*)
213. Bischeloribates praeincisus (Berlese, 1916) (**)
214. Topobates coronopubes (Lee et Pajak, 1990) (**)
52. Oripodidae Jacot, 1925
215. Cosmopirnodus tridactylus Mahunka, 1988
216. Oripoda excavata Mahunka, 1988
217. Subpirnodus mirabilis Mahunka, 1988
218. Truncopes orientalis Mahunka, 1987
53. Protoribatidae J. Balogh et P. Balogh, 1984
219. Perxylobates brevisetus Mahunka, 1988
220. Perxylobates crassisetosus Ermilov et Anichkin,
2011 (*)
221. Perxylobates guehoi Mahunka, 1978 (*)
222. Perxylobates taidinchani Mahunka, 1976 (**)
223. Perxylobates thanhhoaensis Ermilov, Vu, Trinh et
Dao, 2010 (*)
224. Perxylobates vermiseta (Balogh et Mahunka,
1968)


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1967

263. Galumna flabellifera Hammer, 1958
264. Galumna flabellifera orientalis Aoki, 1965
265. Galumna khoii Mahunka, 1989
266. Galumna obvia (Berlese, 1914) (*)
267. Galumna sp.
268. Pergalumna corolevuensis Hammer, 1971 (**)
269. Pergalumna indivisa Mahunka, 1995 (**)
270. Pergalumna granulata Balogh et Mahunka, 1967
271. Pergalumna kotschyi Mahunka, 1989
272. Pergalumna longisetosa Balogh, 1960 (*)
273. Pergalumna margaritata Mahunka, 1989 (*)
274. Pergalumna nuda Balogh, 1960 (*)
275. Pergalumna pertrichosa Mahunka, 1995 (**)
276. Pergalumna punctulata Balogh et Mahunka,
1967
277. Pergalumna remota (Hammer, 1968) (**)
278. Pergalumna sp.
279. Trichogalumna subnuda Balogh et Mahunka,
1967
280. Trichogalumna vietnamica Mahunka, 1987
57. Galumnellidae Piffl, 1970
281. Galumnella cellularis Balogh et Mahunka, 1967
282. Galumnella sp.
283. Galumnella csavasorum (Mahunka, 1994) (**)

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117

Note: Type of habitat: RTN: natural forest, RT: human - disturbed forest, TCCB: shrub grassland, CLN:
cultivated land with perennial plants, CNN: agricultural land with anual plants
Soil type: (i): coastal saline alluvial soil, (ii): sour alluvial soil, (iii): neutral alluvial soil, (iv): reddish
yellow humus on the mountain, (v): infertile gray soil.
Symbol: new species for the study area (*), new species for Vietnam (**)
The number of species of oribatida in each province and city change from 25 species to 144 species. There
are no species wich present in all provinces and cities in the study area. Scheloribates laevigatus is the most
common species, present in 10 out of 11 provinces and cities.
3.1.2 Classification structure of oribatida mite community in the study area
The oribatida mite community in the Red River Delta has been identified 283 species, 129 varieties, 57
families, 35 superfamilies. In each family, there are 1 to 18 genera and most of families have only 1 - 3 genus.
The number of species in each family is 1 – 36, in which, 49.12% of them have only 1 to 6 species. Oppiidae has
the largest number of genera and species with 18 genera and 36 species. Scheloribatidae is also a diverse family
with 10 genera (accounting for 17.54% of total genera) and 30 species.
Table 2: Classification structure of oribatida mite community (Acari: Oribatida) in the Red River
Delta
Family
1. Acaronychidae
2. Acaridae
3. Hypochthoniidae
4. Brachychthoniidae
5. Cosmochthoniidae
6. Epilohmanniidae
7. Lohmanniidae
8. Mesoplophoridae
9. Oribotritiidae
10. Euphthiracaridae
11. Phthiracaridae

3
2
1
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1

Number of
species
2
6
4
1
1
8
14
2
1
5
6

0,78
0,78
2,33
1,55
0,78
1,55
1,55
0,78
0,78
0,78
0,78
0,78
0,78
0,78
0,78
0,78
1,55
0,78

Percentage of total
species (%)
0,71
2,12
1,41
0,35
0,35
2,83
4,95
0,71
0,35

38. Cymbaeremaeidae
39. Scutoverticidae
40. Austrachipteriidae
41. Microzetidae
42. Achipteriidae
43. Oribatellidae
44. Heterozetidae
45. Ceratozetidae
46. Punctoribatidae
47. Chamobatidae
48. Mochlozetidae
49. Oribatulidae
50. Liebstadiidae
51. Scheloribatidae
52. Oripodidae
53. Protoribatidae
54. Haplozetidae
55. Parakalummidae
56. Galumnidae
57. Galumnellidae

1
2
1
18
2
2
1
3
2

6
2
1
1
4
2
3
2
2
3
1
1
2
5
1
30
4
21
16
2
23
3

0,78
1,55
0,78
13,95
1,55
1,55
0,78

1,41
1,41
2,12
0,71
0,35
0,35
1,41
0,71
1,06
0,71
0,71
1,06
0,35
0,35
0,71
1,77
0,35
10,60
1,41
7,42
5,65
0,71
8,13
1,06

Scheloribates and Protoribates are the two most popular genera, appear in all provinces and cities in the
study area. Scheloribates is the largest genus with 16 species. Most genera have only 1 to 3 species, in particular,
there are 80 genera (accounting for 62.02% of total genera) have only 1 species.
3.1.3 The comparison of oribatida mite community in the Red River Delta with oribatida mite community in
the Northwest and North Central regions

oribatida mite community in human - disturbed forest has the least dominant species. In each community, there
is a diferent group of dominant species and there is very little overlap of dominant species among habitats. There
are no species that dominate in all four study habitats. There are 11 species (accounting for 84.62% of the
dominant species) only dominate on one type of habitat.
Table 3: The structure of dominant species group of oribatida mite communities in 4 studied
habitats
Dominant species

1. Javacarus kuehnelti
2. Mesoplophora michaeliana
3. Plateremaeus sp.
4. Furcoppia sp.
5. Congoppia deboissezoni
6. Striatoppia opuntiseta
7. Scheloribates elegans
8. Bischeloribates heterodactylus
9. Bischeloribates praeincisus

RT

Dominant index (%)
TC
CLN

CNN
5,80

14,46
5,80
5,17

Shannon - Wiener (H’) index
The H’ index was used to compare the diversity of oribatida mite communities in four different habitats, in
the study area, at the same time. H' index of the oribatida mite communities in four habitats decrease in order:
human - disturbed forest (3.93)> cultivated land with perennial plants (3.73)> agricultural land with anual plants
(3.64)> shrub grassland (3.21). Among four habitats studied, oribatida mite community in human - disturbed
forest has developed most diverse and stable, both qualitatively and quantitatively. The uniform development of
the community or the level of balance between species in the community plays an important role in the diversity
of the community.
3.2.5 The similarity of oribatida mite communities in 4 types of habitats

Figure 2: Similar diagram of the oribatida mite community structure in the study hábitats
Note: RT: human - disturbed forest, TCCB: shrub grassland, CLN: cultivated land with perennial plants,
CNN: agricultural land with anual plants
The similarity of oribatida mite communities in the study habitats is assessed through the Bray – Curtis
index. The similar index of oribatida mite communities in 4 study habitats range from 28.10% to 42.53%. The
oribatida mite community in shrub grass and in cultivated land with perennial plants has the largest similarity
(42.53%). The oribatida mite community in human - disturbed forests and shrub grasslands is considered to be

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the least close, with the similarity index of 28.10%. In general, the degree of similarity in pairs of oribatida mite
communities in 3 habitats: shrub grassland, cultivated land with perennial plants, agricultural land with anual
plants is quite high and equal. The oribatida mite in human - disturbed forest is the most isolated, the ratio of
similarity to the oribatida mite community in other habitats is less than 30%.
3.3 The oribatida mite community structure according to soil type and fertilizer regime
3.3.1 Species composition and distribution characteristics of oribatida mite communities in 4 soil types
The oribatida mite community in the Red River Delta is quantitatively studied in 4 types of soil, including:
coastal saline alluvial soil, neutral alluvial soil, red yellow ferralitic soil on limestone mountains and infertile
gray soil. Analysis of qualitative and quantitative samples collected in 4 types of studied land, identified 255

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ranges from 2 to 6 species. Most species only dominate in one soil type and are not dominant in the other soil
types. Protoribates monodactylus is the only species that dominates in all 4 soil types studied.
Table 4: The structure of dominant species group of oribatida mite community in the studied soil
types
Dominant species

(i)

Dominant index (%)
(ii)
(iii)
8,55
9,68

(iv)

1. Mesoplophora michaeliana
2. Plateremaeus sp.
3. Furcoppia sp.
6,84
4. Congoppia deboissezoni
12,36
5. Scheloribates elegans
9,51
6. Bischeloribates heterodactylus
6,84
10,48

corresponding to the change of the J’ index more than the change of the number of species. By evaluating the H’
index and the J’ index, it shows that these indicators are not separate but closely related. The oribatida mite
community infertile gray soil has significantly less number of species than the community in the neutral alluvial
soil and reddish yellow ferralitic soil on limestone mountains but the community in this soil type has a higher
H’diversity index. Neutral alluvial soil and reddish yellow humus soil are considered suitable for the oribatida
mite community to develop at the same level.

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3.3.4 The similarity of oribatida mite community in 4 types of soil

Figure 3: Similar diagram of oribatida community in 4 types of studied soil
Note: (i) coastal saline alluvial soil, (ii) neutral alluvial soil, (iii) reddish yellow ferralitic soil on limestone
mountains, (iv) infertile gray soil.
The similar coefficient of oribatida mite community in the studied soils ranges from 19.65% and 39.92%.
The oribatida mite community in the neutral alluvial soil in the reddish yellow ferralitic soil on limestone
mountains has the greatest similarity. The similarity of the oribatida mite community in the red reddish yellow
ferralitic soil on limestone mountains with the community in other land types is quite high and evenly, this
coefficient ranges from 37.10% to 39.92%. The similar coefficient of oribatida mite community in 3 types of
soil including coastal saline alluvial soil, neutral alluvial soil, and reddish yellow humus soil on the mountain is
little difference, range from 37.14% to 39.92%. The analysis of the similarity of oribatida mite community by
type of soil and by type of hábitats show that between pairs of habitats, the degree of similarity is in a wider
range. Therefore, it can be assessed that the differentiation of the factors in the environment that affect on
oribatida mite community is more pronounced by hábitat.
3.3.5 Species composition of oribatida mite communities in the fertilizing regimes
In this study, oribatida community was studied in the agricultural ecosystem on 4 different fertilizing
regimes, including: soil for chemical fertilizer (CT1), soil for organic fertilizer (CT2), soil for microbial fertilizer
(CT3), soil for chemical and organic fertilizer (CT4) and non-fertilized soil (DC). The study has identified a total
of 34 species of oribatida, belonging to 25 genera, 15 families. Among them, 8 species (accounting for 23.53%

influence on the structure of microarthropoda community. In this study, the relationship between the structure of
oribatida mite community and the type of habitat is considered in 4 habitats: human - disturbed forest, shrub
grassland, cultivated land with perennial plants, agricultural land with anual plants. According to the results of
this study, the change of living conditions through 4 types of hábitat has caused changes in oribatida
communities both qualitatively and quantitatively. The change in the characteristics of the oribatida community
is quite evident even in species diversity, dominant species group structure, balance of development among
species in the community and some ecological indicators. Some of the ecological indicators analyzed also
change acutely.
According to the analysis in section 3.2.1, if only comparing the number of species of the oribatida
community in 4 studied habitats, the difference does not show clearly. However, the change in species
composition structure of the oribatida community in habitats is very clear. There are 127 oribatida species
(accounting for 49.80% of total species on 4 habitats) found only in one type of hábitat. Among them, 36 species
(accounting for 14.12% of total species) only appear in human - disturbed forest, 30 species (accounting for
11.76% of total species) are only present in shrub grassland, 36 species (accounted for 14.12% of total species)
only in the cultivated land with perennial plants and 25 species (accounting for 9.80% of total species) only
present in agricultural land with anual plants. In particular, low-grade oribatida groups of the Acaronychoidae
group are usually found only in agricultural land with anual plants. 7 out of 8 species in this group were found
only on agricultural land with anual plants that were not found in the other habitats. Therefore, the presence of
this oribatida group may be considered as a marker to assess the degree of environmental impact.
The data analyzed in section 3.2.2 also show that there is a change in the average density of individuals of
the oribatida community in the studied habitats. The development of individual numbers of species in the
community is judged to be related to the nature of vegetation and the stability of the habitat. Less diverse, less

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varied plant composition at shrub grassland habitats makes the environment more specialized. It is suitable for
adaptive species groups to grow in number of individuals and create a certain limit for the diversity of species
composition. On the contrary, the diversity but often changes with the seasons, the cultivation of the crop
structure is a beneficial factor for the development of diverse species and to be a limiting factor for the

types of land, including: coastal saline alluvial soil, neutral alluvial soil, eddish yellow ferralitic soil on
limestone mountains and infertile gray soil. Through the results and the analyzes presented in section 3.3, the
comparison between the types of researched soil has been shown. The variation in oribatida species diversity in
the community clearly shows the change through the habitat types. However, the change is also shown more

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clearly in species composition. The proportion of oribatida species appearing on all 4 soil types is not high
(10.59%) but the rate of oribatida species wich only appears on 1 high soil type (42.75%).
Analysis of species composition in soil types also shows that widely distributed species are in highergrade oribatida groups more than in low-level groups. The specificity of the species composition of the oribatida
community in each soil type is evident because there are 109 species of oribatida in this list appear only in one
type of soil that was not found in other soil types studied. Among them, 15 species are only present on coastal
saline soils, 51 species of oribatida are only present on neutral alluvial soil, 28 species of oribatida are only
present on the yellow ferralitic soil on limestone mountains and 15 species of oribatida are only present in
infertile gray soil. In particular, most of species belong to two groups of Acaronychidae and Acaridae are present
on neutral alluvial soil but very few occur on the remaining soil groups.
On each of the different soil types, the community of oribatida has a typical dominant species group. In
coastal saline soil, there is a characteristic salinity factor, oribatida mite community is less diverse in species
composition but form the dominant group of stable growth species. In neutral alluvial soil and eddish yellow
ferralitic soil on limestone mountains, communities have the same level of dominance. Through the analysis of
the structure of the dominant species group of the oribatida community according to the type of habitat, it has
been shown that the difference in the level of development of this species in different habitats is more
pronounced than the difference through different types of land. This provides further evidence that the
differentiation of habitats through different types of habitats influence to the structure of the community
oribatida is more pronounced than the changes through the types of soil studied. Thus, for oribatida, the change
of habitat according to habitat is more selective than the change by soil type. This shows the decisive role of
vegetation for community structure oribatida. The analysis of the oribatida community in 4 soil types also shows
that the community of oribatida in neutral alluvial soil and eddish yellow ferralitic soil on limestone mountains
has the highest similarity coefficient. Comparison between the 4 soils studied, neutral alluvial soil and eddish