CHINH PHU Nl/dC VIET NAM DAN CHU CONG HOA
Vdl SU*NGHIEP VAN HOA, GIAO DUG THdl KY
KHANG CHIEN CHONG PHAP (1945 -1954)
(Tiep theo vd het)
HO KHANG*

II. GLAI DOAN 2
Sau ngfiy tofin qud'c khfing chie'n, mdt
trpng tam cong tac cua Chinh phvt lfi tiep
tuc chi dao viec xay dvtng, phfit trien nen
vfin hoa, giao due ciia che dp mdi trong dieu
kien chie'n tranh da lan nhanh ra ca nUdc.
Tai cupc hpp ngfiy 16-1-1947, Hdi ddng
Chinh phu da gifinh thdi gian nghe cac bd
trong Chinh phu bao cao, thao lufin vfi de
ra cac chu trUdng, bien phap ve tan cU, ve
chfim sdc thUdng binh, ve td chQc nen giao
due trong thdi ky khfing chien...
Thdi ky nfiy, Bp QGGD cung ban hanh
mdt so' hufi'n lenh, nghi dinh, thong tU
nhim chi dao cong tac to chQc nen giao due
trong giai doan mdi.
Ngfiy 14-1-1947, Bd QGGD ra Hud'n
linh Ifip cac khu giao due d Bic Bp, gdm
khu Thai Nguyen, khu Hfi Dong, khu Bic
Giang, khu Viet Tri, khu Kien An. Mdi khu
do mpt dng trudng khu dam nhiem, Ifim
nhiem vu trvfc tiep dUdi quyen dng Bp
trudng Bp QGGD. TrUdng khu giao due cd
trach nhiem dieu khien viec d khu minh;
thay mfit Bp trUdng Bd QGGD, Trudng khu



12
giang cho hpc sinh bie't the nfio la trUdng
ky khang chie'n, muo'n trUdng ky khang
chien phai lam the nfio, vi sao phai tang
gia san xufi't, vi sao hpc trd phai giup vao
viec dd va giiip bfing each nfio. Bd trUdng
nha'n manh: "Viec hpc trong luc nfiy cin
hdn luc nao het phai di ddi vdi hfinh dpng".
Theo Bp trudng, cd t h l bdt mpt sd' gid hpc
xudiig mpt mQc td'i thilu dl gianh vfio budi
giao vien va hpc sinh tham gia vfio cdng tac
tuyen truyen vfi tfing gia san xua't, nha't la
cfic ban trung hpc cin tham gia rpng rai
vfio viec nfiy vfi hpc sinh ldn tudi cin hufi'n
luyen gfi'p vfi can ket qua trdng thfi'y.
Ngay 6-2-1947, Bp trUdng Bd QGGD ra
Thong tri de nghi cac trUdng khu giao due
Thai Nguyen, Kien An, Viet Tri, Ha Dong,
Bic Giang vfi Giam ddc trung hpc Trung Bp
Ifip danh sach vfi gvfi len Bp nhQng ngUdi cd
the dam nhiem cong tac soan cac sach giao
khoa va viet bfii cho td Gido due tap san
trung hgc vd tiiu hgc.
Mfic du nhQng thang dau ciia nfim 1947,
cung tQc la thdi ky diu ciia giai doan toan
qud^c khang chie'n, dien bien ciia tinh hinh
ra't cfing thfing, phQc tap, nhUng theo svf
chi dao ciia Chinh phu, viec giang day, hpc

vu tu vfi'n giup Bp thvtc hien viec td chQc
cac trUdng chuyen nghiep mfi Nghi dinh
209/ND, ngay 25-7-1951 dfi de cap, vfi dfit
ke hoach phfit trien cac trUdng nfiy.
Ngfiy 30-10-1951, cfic Thong tU sau day
dUdc ban hfinh:
- Thong tu sd 48/TT-TKV, fi'n dinh so gid
td^L da hfing t u i n cua giao vien cfi'p 1, 2, 3;
- Thong tu sd 49/TT-TKV, quy dinh td
chQc trUdng phd thdng 9 nfim k l tQ mon
hpc 1952. Theo dd, d trung Udng, cd quan
lanh dao ngfinh phd thong trung hpc lfi
Nha Giao due phd thdng; d lien khu lfi Khu
giao due phd thdng, d tinh lfi ty giao due
phd thong. Thdng tU cung quy dinh rd he
thd'ng nhfi trUdng, td chQc viec hpc d he
thd'ng nhfi trUdng 9 nfim.
Ngfiy 3-11-1951, Bd QGGD ra Nghi dinh
bai bd cac Hpi giup viec giao due tinh vfi xa
thfinh Ifip bdi Nghi dinh sd 657-ND ngfiy
12-9-1945, vfi td chQc tai mdi tinh mpt Tieu
ban gifio due. Tham gia Tilu ban nay gdm:
dai bilu UBKCHC tinh, TrUdng Ty gifio
due phd thong, TrUdng ty Bo tuc vfin hoa.


20

Nhiem vu cua Tieu ban lfi nghien cQu chu
trUdng, chinh sach giao due cua Chinh phu

sd 377-ND (ngfiy 27-11-1952) s^a ddi viec
a'n dinh cfic phu cfi'p cho giao vien vfi hieu
trUdng cac trUdng chuyen nghiep; Nghi
dinh sd 80-ND-L3 (ngfiy 23-3-1953) cho cfic
can bp chinh quyen vfi dofin t h l hpc trUdng
Phd thdng lao dpng dUdc hudng lUdng bdng
nhu khi tai chQc; Thong tU sd 19-PCB
(ngfiy 18-6-1953) ve viec ap dung Nghi dinh

Rghien curu Lich sii. sd 11.2010
sd 320-ND ngfiy 10-10-1952 quy dinh viec
tra phu cfi'p chQc vu Hieu trQdng va phu
cfi'p day gid tai cfic trUdng phd thdng cfi'p
2,3; Nghi dinh sd 179/ND (ngfiy 6-8-1953)
fin dinh sinh boat phi cho hpc sinh cac
trUdng chuyen nghiep trong thdi gian thvfc
tap; Nghi dinh sd 180-ND (ngfiy 6-8-1953)
quy dinh che dp thu lao cho giang vien cac
Idp hufi'n luyen ngin han vfi cac Idp tu
nghiep...
Tren linh vvtc thong tin, vfin hofi, tQ
ngfiy 4 de'n ngfiy 6-6-1951. Hdi ddng Chinh
phii hpp dudi sii chii toa cua Chii tich Hd
Chi Minh da quyet dinh dfit Nha Thdng tin
trvfc thupc Thu tUdng Chinh phu. Ngay 107-1951, Chu tich Hd Chi Minh ky Sac linh
so' 38-SL sap nhap Nha Thdng tin thupc Bp
Ndi vu vfio Phu Thu tUdng vfi Sic Ipnh sd
39-SL bd nhiem dng Td' HQu giQ chQc Giam
dd'c Nha Thdng tin thudc Phu Thu tUdng
thay cho ong T r i n Vfin Gifiu di Ifim nhiem

nhan dan. Ve mfit vfin nghe, td chQc vfi
hQdng d i n sinh boat vfin nghe nhan dan;
hufi'n luyen can bd vfin nghe. Nha Tuyen
truyen vfi Vfin nghe dfit tai TrQdng Trung
hpc My thufit, gdm 1 giam do'c, 1 hofic 2 phd
giam dd'c.
Chilu sdc linh sd' 38-SL ngfiy 10-71951, Sdc linh sd 83-SL ngfiy 24-2-1952 vfi
theo de nghi cua Gifim ddc Nha Tuyen
truyen vfi Vfin nghp, ngfiy 20-4-1952, Phd
Thu tudng Chinh phu Pham Vfin Ddng da
ky Nghi dinh sd 163-TTG fi'n dinh he thd'ng
to chQc Nha Tuyen truyen vfi Vfin nghe.
Theo dd, d Trung Udng, Nha Tuyen truyen
vfi Vfin ngh$ cd cfic bp phfin: Vfin phdng,
Viet Nam thdng tfi'n xfi, Dfii phat thanh
"Tieng ndi Viet Nam", nganh vfin nghe,
Nhfi in vfi phat hfinh quo'c gia, Phdng dien
anh, Phdng vd tuyen dien; d mdi Hen khu cd
Khu Tuyen truyen vfi Vfin nghe; tai mdi
tinh cd Ty Tuyen truyen vfi Vfin nghe; d
moi huyen, moi xa cd mdt uy vien
UBKCHC huyen, xa trvfc tiep phu trach
cong tac tuyen truyen vfi theo doi hoat
ddng vfin nghe cua nhan dfin.
Ngfiy 10-10-1952, Chu tich Hd Chi Minh
ky sdc linh sd' 122-SL dfit bd phfin Nha in
vfi Phat hfinh trong Nha Tuyen truyen vfi
Vfin nghe thfinh mdt doanh nghiep qude
gia, la'y ten lfi Nhd in Qud'c gia. Nhfi in
Qud^c gia cd nhiem vu:

ra Sdc linh sd 147-SL, dfit Phdng Dien anh
Nha Tuyen truyen vfi Vfin nghe thanh
Doanh nghiip qud'c gia Chii'u bdng vd
Chup dnh Viet Nam. Sfic lenh quy dinh ro
muc dich, boat dpng cua Doanh nghiep
qud'c gia Chie'u bdng vfi Chup anh Viet
Nam lfi;
1. Tuyen truyen chinh sach, chu trUdng
eua Chinh phu;
2. Neu cao nhQng thfinh tich, nhQng
gUdng dfi'u tranh anh dung cua quan dan
Viet Nam;
3. Gidi thieu ddi song vfi thfinh tich dfi'u
tranh, kien thiet cua nhan dan cac nUdc
ban;
4. Giao due vfin hofi vfi chinh tri cho
nhan dan.
Sau chie'n t h i n g lich sQ Dien Bien Phu
va Hiep dinh Gidnevd dUpe ky ket, Hpi


22

ddng Chinh phu trong phien hpp dau thang
11-1954 ban ve viec thvfc hien dinh chien,
td chQc tiep quan Thu dd vfi giai quye't eac
vfi'n de sau chie'n tranh. GiQa bdn be cdng
viec, Chinh phii vfin quan tam tdi cac va'n
de vfin hoa, giao due, chuan y viec khoi
phuc lai chua Mdt cpt. Sau ngay Chinh phu

dich "diet gific dd't" do Chinh phu dQng d i u
lfi Chii tich Hd Chi Minh chu trQdng da
thanh toan nan mu chQ cho hdn 2 trieu
ddng bao (14). Tiep dd, khi chien tranh lan
rpng ra khip ndi, ca nUde bUde vfio cupc
khang chien trUdng ky, svt nghiep giao due.

Rghien cuu Lich sit. s611.2010
vfin hoa vfin tiep tuc phat triln. Luc nfiy,
cdng tfic xoa nan mu chQ, phong trfio binh
dan hpc vu, bac hpc bd tuc vfin hoa du gfip
nhieu khd khfin nhQng Chinh phii va chinh
quyen cac cfi'p vfin kien quye't thue diy
bfing nhQng chinh sach vfi bien phap cd
hieu qua. Ben canh dd, he thd'ng gifio due
phd thong, giao due dai hpc vfi trung hpc cd
nhQng bQdc phat trien vQng chic, kha toan
dien vdi dpi ngu giao vien cd nfing Ivtc,
chUdng trinh dUdc cai tien... TQ nfim 1951,
Chinh phu chii trUdng tien hfinh cai each
tofin bd nen giao due phd thong, thay the
he thdng giao due cu bfing he thd'ng giao
due phd thong 9 nfim. Ddng thdi, Chinh
phu md them he phd thdng lao ddng de bd
tuc vfin hoa chuyen tu cho chie'n si thi dua,
can bp, cong nhfin xufi't sfic... nhfim dap Qng
nhu ciu can bd cho cdng cudc khang chien,
kien qud'c. Cung b i t d i u tQ thdi diem nfiy,
nghia lfi sau khi bien gidi dQdc khai thong.
Dang, Chinh phu da cQ hang nghin cfin bd,

nfing luc hofin thfinh nhiem vu mfi Dang,
Nhfi nude vfi nhan dan giao phd. Mdt thfinh
cdng noi bat cua nen giao due mdi lfi svt
dung tie'ng Viet de giang day, hpc tfip d cac
bfie hpc. PhUdng cham giao due lfi thiet
thvfc vfi kip thdi phuc vu khfing chien, phuc
vu nhan dan, phuc vu san xufi't; lfi vQa hpc
vQa Ifim, hpc di ddi vdi hfinh. Trong dieu
kien chien tranh, nen giao due non tre cua
che dp mdi vfin vUdn len, dap Qng ve cd ban
nhu ciu ngfiy cang tfing ve can bd, nhan
vien cho cdng cupc khfing chie'n kien qude,
nang cao dan tri cho mpi ngUdi Viet Nam.
Tren mfit trfin vfin hoa, Chinh phu cung
dfi ban hanh nhieu chu trUdng, chinh sach
nhfim thvfc hien phUdng cham ldn "khang
chien hda vfin hda, vfin hda hda khfing
chien" mfi Chii tich Hd Chi Minh da de ra.
Cd t h l thfi'y, tQ sau ngfiy 2-9-1945 den khi
cudc khang chie'n chd'ng Phfip ket thue
thing ldi, Chinh phu dfi ban hfinh mdt he
thd'ng vfin ban phap quy nhU Sfic lenh,
dl chi dao
Thdng tu, Nghi dinh...:
svt nghiep xay dvtng nen vfin hoa mdi mang

tinh chfi't dan tdc, khoa hpc, dai chung. Qua
that, dudng Id'i, chu trUdng, chinh sach cua
Dang, I ^ a nUdc da thfi'm sau vao hien thiic
sin xufi't vfi chien dfi'u cua toan dan, tofin


(8). Cong bao nU6c Vi?t Nam Dan chii Cong
hoa, n&m thii VIII, so 10, ngfiy 31-12-1952.

(13). Nghi dinh so 171/ND, ngfiy 27-7-1953.

(9). Ho Chi Minh: Todn tdp, tftp 6, sdd, tr. 266.
(10). Nghi dinh so 259/ND, ngfiy 20-8-1952.

(12). Nghi dinh so 367/ND, ngfiy 19-11-1952.
(14). 30 ndm phdt trien kinh te, vdn hod cua
nUdc Viet Nam Ddn chu Cdng hba, Nxb. Su that,
Hfi Noi. 1978, tr. 47.