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Ace the TOEFL Essay (TWE)
Grammar Note
S V IO DO
I told the man sitting at the bus stop that I would be right back.
If we are speaking to people, use the following patterns with
tell/told and say/said: Tell/Told: S–tell/told–IO–DO
(Do not use the word
to.)
Say
/Said: S–say/said + to + IO + DO.
Say/Said: S–say/said + DO + to + IO.
S V DO IO.
I handed the big case of beautiful Afghan flowers to the little boy.
S V DO IO
The big man pushed the handful of money toward the lady in the box.
S V DO IO
The fat, old, lazy homeless man who was at the station gave a letter to me.
Recall that we said the best way to learn grammar and to learn to write
is to look at the position of something in the text. By finding the subject
and the verb of the sentence, you enable yourself to notice constructions
in the structure that are not really necessary. Earlier we learned that tran-
sitions take us from one idea to the next, from sentence to sentence, and
from paragraph to paragraph; there are always words in a sentence that
do the same thing. For example, to see two nouns next to each other may
mean that one is the start of a phrase or clause that renames the phrase or
clause before it. Also, we know that most sentences have a subject and a
verb, so to see two sets of verb phrases in a sentence means that there are
probably two clauses, because most clauses have a subject and a verb.
THE
:

.
S V DO OC
I made her my wife
, the partner who would share my life forever.
S V DO OC
I killed the dog that was eating the chickens in the pasture.
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Ace the TOEFL Essay (TWE)
S V DO OC
She saw the man that had plundered her cookie jar.
Indirect Object
S V DO IO IO comp.
I gave the thing to the man wearing the big overcoat, the one coughing
.
S V DO IO IO comp.
I gave the coat to the boy, the one w
aving at us.
S V DO IO IO comp.
The man wrote the letter for the boy who w
as sick in the hospital.
S V DO IO IO comp.
The professor said hello to the man who had wr
ecked the bus.
S V DO IO IO comp.
I shovel the snow for the lady who attends my c
hurch.
The IOs in these sentences are technically the objects of the
prepositions
to and for, but we will view them according to

1. He knows who(m) the boy likes.
2. He knows whose cat this is. Note: We have an extra noun after
whose.
3. I saw what you did.
4. I understand why she left.
5. He saw where the cow went.
6. I told you when the man arrived.
7. I do not understand how the train operates.
Category 2
1. I can’t think of whom to call. I know who is here.
2.
I saw the girl whose mother won the race. S–V–Whose–S–V:
Exception.
3. I couldn’t see what jumped. I felt what moved.
4. He said why to come early.
5. I know where to go.
6. I learned when to shut up
7. I know how to ski.
THE
:
RE
N
OTE
:
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Ace the TOEFL Essay (TWE)
Category 3
1. Did you see who(m)?
2. Did you see who was here?