PHP 5 Power Programming

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Java Application Development on Linux
Carl Albing and Michael Schwarz

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C++ GUI Programming with Qt 3
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Module Development
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PRENTICE HALL
Professional Technical Reference
Indianapolis, IN 46240
www.phptr.com

PHP 5 Power Programming

Andi Gutmans, Stig Sæther Bakken,
and Derick Rethans

Gutmans_Frontmatter Page iii Thursday, September 23, 2004 9:05 AM

The authors and publisher have taken care in the preparation of this book, but make no expressed or implied
warranty of any kind and assume no responsibility for errors or omissions. No liability is assumed for inciden-
tal or consequential damages in connection with or arising out of the use of the information or programs con-
tained herein.
Publisher:

John Wait

Editor in Chief:

Don O’Hagan

Acquisitions Editor:


Indexer:

Lisa Stumpf

Senior Compositor:

Gloria Schurick

Manufacturing Buyer:

Dan Uhrig

The publisher offers excellent discounts on this book when ordered in quantity for bulk purchases or special
sales, which may include electronic versions and/or custom covers and content particular to your business,
training goals, marketing focus, and branding interests. For more information, please contact:
U. S. Corporate and Government Sales
(800) 382-3419
c

For sales outside the U. S., please contact:
International Sales
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Visit us on the Web: www.phptr.com
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data:
2004107331
Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc.
This material may be distrubuted only subject to the terms and conditions set forth in the Open Publication
License, v1.0 or later (the latest version is presently available at />Pearson Education, Inc.
One Lake Street

Chapter 1:

What Is New in PHP 5?

Chapter 2:

PHP 5 Basic Language

Chapter 3:

PHP 5 OO Language

Chapter 4:

PHP 5 Advanced OOP and Design Patterns

Chapter 5:

How to Write a Web Application with PHP

Chapter 6:

Databases with PHP 5

Chapter 7:

Error Handling

Chapter 8:


Chapter 16:

PHP Shell Scripting

A.

PEAR and PECL Package Index

B.

phpDocumentor Format Reference

C.

Zend Studio Quick Start

Index

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Gutmans_Frontmatter Page viii Thursday, September 23, 2004 9:05 AM

ix

Contents

Foreword............................................................................................................. xxi
Preface................................................................................................................xxii
1 What Is New in PHP 5? ........................................................................................1


x Contents

2.5.6 Resources ...................................................................................................23
2.5.7 Arrays.........................................................................................................23
2.5.8 Constants ...................................................................................................30
2.6 Operators...........................................................................................................31
2.6.1 Binary Operators .......................................................................................32
2.6.2 Assignment Operators...............................................................................32
2.6.3 Comparison Operators ..............................................................................33
2.6.4 Logical Operators ......................................................................................34
2.6.5 Bitwise Operators ......................................................................................35
2.6.6 Unary Operators........................................................................................36
2.6.7 Negation Operators ...................................................................................36
2.6.8 Increment/Decrement Operators ..............................................................37
2.6.9 The Cast Operators ...................................................................................38
2.6.10 The Silence Operator...............................................................................39
2.6.11 The One and Only Ternary Operator .....................................................39
2.7 Control Structures ............................................................................................39
2.7.1 Conditional Control Structures.................................................................39
2.7.2 Loop Control Structures............................................................................42
2.7.3 Code Inclusion Control Structures ...........................................................45
2.8 Functions ...........................................................................................................48
2.8.1 User-Defined Functions ............................................................................49
2.8.2 Function Scope...........................................................................................49
2.8.3 Returning Values By Value ......................................................................50
2.8.4 Returning Values By Reference................................................................51
2.8.5 Declaring Function Parameters................................................................52
2.8.6 Static Variables .........................................................................................53
2.9 Summary ...........................................................................................................54



public

,

protected

, and

private

Methods ..........................................61
3.6.3 Static Properties ........................................................................................62
3.6.4 Static Methods ...........................................................................................64
3.7 Class Constants.................................................................................................65
3.8 Cloning Objects .................................................................................................66
3.9 Polymorphism....................................................................................................67
3.10

parent

:: and

self

::........................................................................................70
3.11

instanceof


3.20 Class Type Hints in Function Parameters ....................................................82
3.21 Summary.........................................................................................................83

4 PHP 5 Advanced OOP and Design Patterns .................................................85

4.1 Introduction ...................................................................................................... 85
4.2 Overloading Capabilities..................................................................................85
4.2.1 Property and Method Overloading ...........................................................85
4.2.2 Overloading the Array Access Syntax...................................................... 88
4.3 Iterators ............................................................................................................ 89
4.4 Design Patterns ................................................................................................ 94
4.4.1 Strategy Pattern........................................................................................95
4.4.2 Singleton Pattern ...................................................................................... 97
4.4.3 Factory Pattern ......................................................................................... 98
4.4.4 Observer Pattern..................................................................................... 101
4.5 Reflection.........................................................................................................103
4.5.1 Introduction ............................................................................................. 103
4.5.2 Reflection API..........................................................................................103
4.5.3 Reflection Examples................................................................................106
4.5.4 Implementing the Delegation Pattern Using Reflection.......................107
4.6 Summary.........................................................................................................109

5 How to Write a Web Application with PHP.................................................111

5.1 Introduction .................................................................................................... 111
5.2 Embedding into HTML .................................................................................. 112
5.3 User Input....................................................................................................... 114
5.4 Safe-Handling User Input..............................................................................117
5.4.1 Common Mistakes................................................................................... 117
5.5 Techniques to Make Scripts “Safe” ................................................................120

6.2.6 Queries .....................................................................................................154
6.2.7 Multi Statements.....................................................................................155
6.2.8 Fetching Modes........................................................................................156
6.2.9 Prepared Statements...............................................................................156
6.2.10 BLOB Handling .....................................................................................158
6.3 SQLite..............................................................................................................160
6.3.1 SQLite Strengths and Weaknesses ........................................................160
6.3.2 Best Areas of Use.....................................................................................161
6.3.3 PHP Interface ..........................................................................................162
6.4 PEAR DB .........................................................................................................176
6.4.1 Obtaining PEAR DB................................................................................176
6.4.2 Pros and Cons of Database Abstraction .................................................177
6.4.3 Which Features Are Abstracted? ............................................................177
6.4.4 Database Connections .............................................................................178
6.4.5 Executing Queries ...................................................................................180
6.4.6 Fetching Results ......................................................................................182
6.4.7 Sequences.................................................................................................184
6.4.8 Portability Features ................................................................................185
6.4.9 Abstracted Errors ....................................................................................186
6.4.10 Convenience Methods............................................................................188
6.5 Summary .........................................................................................................190

7 Error Handling.................................................................................................. 191

7.1 Introduction.....................................................................................................191
7.2 Types of Errors ................................................................................................192
7.2.1 Programming Errors ...............................................................................192
7.2.2 Undefined Symbols..................................................................................194
7.2.3 Portability Errors ....................................................................................197