LearningExpress
®
’s
TOEFL
®
[Test of English as a Foreign Language™]
EXAM SUCCESS
In Only 6 Steps!
class="bi x0 y9 w2 h8"
LearningExpress
®
’s
TOEFL
®
[Test of English as a Foreign Language™]
EXAM SUCCESS
In Only 6 Steps!
NEW YORK
Elizabeth Chesla
TOEFL® is a registered trademark of Educational Testing Service (ETS).
This publication is not endorsed or approved by ETS.
Copyright © 2002 LearningExpress, LLC.
All rights reserved under International and Pan-American Copyright Conventions.
Published in the United States by LearningExpress, LLC, New York.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data:
Chesla, Elizabeth L.
TOEFL Exam success from LearningExpress in only 6 strategic steps / Elizabeth Chesla.—1st ed.
p. cm.
ISBN 1-57685-421-3 (alk. paper)
1. English language—Textbooks for foreign speakers. 2. Test of English as a foreign language—
Study guides. 3. English language—Examinations—Study guides. I. Title.

APPENDIX A: Answers and Explanations 141
APPENDIX B: Additional Resources 157
Contents
vii
class="bi x0 y9 w2 h8"
Need to take the TOEFL exam? You are not alone. Over 800,000 students take the Test of English as a For-
eign Language™ each year. More than 2,000 universities and programs in the United States and Canada use
the TOEFL exam to evaluate the English proficiency of applicants who are not native speakers of English. The
reason for this is simple: Academic institutions want to be sure that these applicants can read, write, and
comprehend spoken English so that they can succeed in the college classroom.

What This Book Is—And Isn’t
Because your score on the TOEFL exam can determine whether or not you are accepted into an academic
institution or program, it is important to prepare carefully for the exam. As you have probably noticed, there
are dozens of TOEFL exam preparation books available in libraries and bookstores. Most of these books
provide you with practice TOEFL exams to help you become familiar with the format of the test. But taking
practice TOEFL exams will do little to boost your score if what you really need is to improve your basic
English skills.
That’s exactly how this book can help you. The goal of LearningExpress
®
’s TOEFL
®
Exam Success
is fourfold:
1. To explain the format of each section of the TOEFL exam.
2. To offer specific test-taking strategies that you can use on the exam.
3. To review the basic reading, writing, and listening skills you need to do well on each section.
4. To provide exercises that help you build the basic skills and practice the test-taking strategies you learn
in each section.
Introduction

®
/TSE
®
Services
P.O. Box 6151
Princeton, NJ 08541-6151
USA
609-771-7100
Don’t Delay—Register Right Away
– INTRODUCTION–
x
Why the TOEFL Exam? Why Me?
Proficiency in English is essential if you are to follow class discussions and complete the reading and writing
assignments in most college classes. In many courses, you may also be required to deliver oral presentations.
And if you are applying to a graduate program, you may be given a position as a teaching assistant, which
means you will be expected to help undergraduate students with their schoolwork, instruct them, and grade
their assignments. In order to ensure that you can succeed even though you are not studying in your native
language, and that you will be a competent teaching assistant if you are applying to graduate school, colleges
and other institutions require you to take the TOEFL exam.
The TOEFL exam is administered by the Educational Testing Service (ETS
®
), the organization that also
administers other standardized tests, including the Scholastic Assessment Test (SAT
®
) and the Graduate
Record Examination (GRE
®
). Even if you have lived in the United States or another English-speaking coun-
try for several years, you still may be required to take the TOEFL exam if English is not your native language.
Don’t be offended—this may be of benefit to you because some schools will look at your verbal SAT score

prepare you to do your best and succeed the first time around.

How to Use This Book
Though each chapter of this book is an effective skill-builder on its own, you will get the most out of this book
by beginning with Chapter 1 and working through each chapter. Some of the later chapters refer to ideas and
information discussed in earlier parts of the book, so you may find it most effective to tackle Chapters 2–5
in order (you can read Chapter 6 separately at any time). However you proceed, read carefully, take good
notes, and use your time wisely. Remember that you are already on your way to success on the TOEFL exam.
– INTRODUCTION–
xii
LearningExpress
®
’s
TOEFL
®
[Test of English as a Foreign Language™]
EXAM SUCCESS
In Only 6 Steps!
class="bi x0 y9 w2 h8"
J
ULIO AND OKSANA will both be taking the TOEFL exam in a few weeks. Their proficiency in
English is at nearly the same level. They have both taken the practice exams in the TOEFL
®
Infor-
mation Bulletin. However, Oksana has done a few things that Julio has not. She has created a
study plan, determined her learning style, and reviewed test-taking strategies. She has also been learning how
to relax so that she won’t be nervous during the exam. Although Julio and Oksana have about the same Eng-
lish skills, Oksana is likely to score much higher than Julio on the exam. And for good reason: she is better
prepared. She knows what to expect on the test, how she learns best, and what she needs to study. She has been
following a study schedule, knows how to tackle multiple-choice questions, and knows how to calm her nerves