Download Đề tài Áp dụng mô hình đánh giá chất lượng bản dịch của house vào việc đánh giá bản dịch tiếng anh luật đầu tư số 59/2005/QH11 miễn phí
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
Statement of authorship i
Acknowledgement ii
Abstract iii
Table of contents iv
List of abbreviations vi
List of diagrams vii
INTRODUCTION 1
1. Rational for the study 1
2. Significance of the study 2
3. Scope and objectives of the study 2
3.1. Scope of the study 2
3.2. Research questions 2
4. Research methods 2
5. Overview of the study 3
CHAPTER 1. REVIEW OF LITERATURE 4
1.1.CHARACTERISTICS OF LEGAL LANGUAGE 4
1.1.1. An overview of legal traditions in the world 4
1.1.2. Vietnamese legal system 6
1.1.3. Vietnamese legal language 7
1.1.3.1. History of Vietnamese legal language 7
1.1.3.2. Linguistic features of Vietnamese legal language 7
1.1.4. English legal language 10
1.1.4.1. History of English legal language 10
1.1.4.2. Linguistic features of English legal language 11
1.2. TRANSLATION THEORY 16
1.2.1. Definition of translation 16
1.2.2. Translation methods and strategies 17
1.2.2.1. Translation methods 18
1.2.2.2. Translation strategies 20
1.2.3. Translation equivalence and assessment 21
1.2.4. Translation of legal documents 24
CHAPTER 2. APPLICATION OF HOUSE’S MODEL
FOR TRANSLATION QUALITY ASSESSMENT 27
2.1. Presentation of the model 27
2.1.1. An overview of the model 27
2.1.2. Operation of the model 28
2.2. Application of the model 31
2.2.1. Analysis of Source Text 32
2.2.2. Statement of function 47
CHAPTER 3. DISCUSSION 49
3.1. Comparison of Target Text and Source Text 49
3.2. Quality of the translation 57
3.3. Implications for translating Vietnamese legal documents into English 59
CONCLUSION 62
REFERENCES 64
Appendix A. Vietnamese phiên bản of the selected text I
Appendix B. English phiên bản of the selected text V
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otional or affective stance (his “personal viewpoint”) […] ‘social attitude’, i.e. different styles (formal, consultative and informal). Mode refers to both the channel – spoken or written, and the degree of participation between writer and reader (House, 2001: 248).
But register analysis alone is not sufficient for a statement of text function to be made. The analysis of the text, may it be ST or TT, has to incorporate Genre – which is ‘the conventional text type’ associated with ‘a specific communicative function’. Genre is conditioned by the socio-cultural environment and itself determines other elements in the systemic framework. As House says, Genre ‘connects texts with the “macro-context” of the linguistic and cultural community in which texts are embedded” (2001: 248).
There are criticisms that House’s analytical schema is over-complicated. There are even more criticisms regarding House’s distinction of two types of translation: overt translation and covert translation. An overt translation is “one in which the addressees of the translation text are quite ‘overtly’ not being directly addressed” (1997: 66). A covert translation is “a translation which enjoys the status of an original source text in the target culture” (1997:69). In overt translation, equivalence is necessary at the level of Language/Text and Register, as well as Genre. In covert translation, equivalence is desirable at the level of Genre and the individual text function. But in covert translation, the translator has to apply what is called a “cultural filter” to modify cultural elements and to give receivers the impression that the TT is an original. The translator assessor also has to make use of this ‘cultural filter’ in judging the quality of a covert translation.
2.2. Application of the model
The source text examined in this study is chapter II of the Law on Investment of Vietnam, promulgated on November, 29th 2005. The target text is the translation published by the Transportation Publishing House.
As stipulated in Article 1, this Law
“regulates investment activities for business purposes; the rights and obligations of investors; the guarantee of lawful rights and interests of investors; encouragement of investment and investment incentives; State administration of investment activities in Vietnam and offshore investment from Vietnam.”
And entities subject to the Law are defined in Article 2 as
“1. Domestic investors and foreign investors carrying out investment activities within the territory of Vietnam; offshore investments made from Vietnam.
2. Organizations and individuals involved in investment activities.”
with investor being defined in Article 3 as “any organization or individual carrying out investment activities in accordance with the law of Vietnam.”
Chapter II is entitled “Bảo đảm đầu tư” (“Investment Guarantees” ). There are seven articles in this chapter, from Article 6 to Article 12. A copy of the chapter is available in Appendix A. Except for Articles 7, 8 and 10, all other articles contain at least two clauses with each clause beginning with a cardinal number and each item within one clause beginning in a separate line with an alphabetical letter. And except for Clause 2 of Article 6, which contains two sentences, all other clauses compose of only one sentence, may it be long or short. Therefore, when mentioning the articles as examples, the following system of symbols is used:
6.(1, 2/1) - Article 6, Clause 1 and sentence 1 of Clause 2
7.( ) - the whole Article 7
8.(/) - Article 8, introductory part
9.(1/a) - Article 9, Clause 1, item a
The English translation text is of the Transport Publishing House, a copy of which is available in Appendix B. The same system of symbols is used to refer to sentences in the translation.
2.2.1. Analysis of Source Text
A. Dimensions of language user:
Geographical Origin: non-marked, standard Vietnamese
Social class: non-marked
Time: non-marked, contemporary Vietnamese
B. Dimensions of language use:
(1) Medium: simple, written to be read
Syntactic means:
a. absence of elliptical clauses, contractions, contact parentheses and comment parentheses, and any kind of spoken language signals such as ừ, à, vậy sao …
b. long and carefully structured sentences. Most sentences are either complex or compound or compound-complex,
c. placing of expanded subordinate clauses of purpose: 8.( /), of condition: 9.(1) before the main clause. This is a focusing device typical of the written mode as its use in spoken language is restricted by performance constraints,
d. presence of syntactic discontinuity, a typical feature of the written mode. Expanded postnominal modifications separate the head of the subject noun phrase and the corresponding finite verb: 6.(3) việc thanh toán hay bồi thường tài sản quy định tại khoản 2 Điều này được thực hiện …, 9.(2) Người nước ngoài làm việc tại Việt Nam cho các dự án đầu tư được chuyển ra nước ngoài …, 9.(4) Thủ tục chuyển ra nước ngoài các khoản tiền liên quan đến hoạt động đầu tư theo quy định …,12.(1) Tranh chấp liên quan đến hoạt động đầu tư tại Việt Nam được giải quyết …, 12.(2) Tranh chấp giữa các nhà đầu tư trong nước với nhau hay với cơ quan quản lý Nhà nước Việt Nam liên quan đến hoạt động đầu tư trên lãnh thổ Việt Nam được giải quyết …, 12.(3) Tranh chấp mà một bên là nhà đầu tư nước ngoài hay doanh nghiệp có vốn đầu tư nước ngoài hay tranh chấp giữa các nhà đầu tư nước ngoài với nhau được giải quyết …, 12.(4) Tranh chấp giữa nhà đầu tư nước ngoài với cơ quan quản lý nhà nước Việt Nam liên quan đến hoạt động đầu tư trên lãnh thổ Việt Nam được giải quyết…; the object of the verb phrase is separated from the main verb: 8.( /) …Nhà nước bảo đảm thực hiện đối với nhà đầu tư nước ngoài các quy định sau đây,
e. use of passive structures where in spoken language would normally be active: 6.(2/1) được thanh toán, 6.(3) được thực hiện, 9.(3) được thực hiện, 11.(2) được bảo đảm, 12.(1,2,3,4) được giải quyết, được ký.
Lexical means:
a. absence of qualifying modal adverbials, interjections, and other subjectivity markers typical of the spoken mode,
b. frequent use of Chinese-Vietnamese words, which marks a certain degree of formality in speech.
Textual means:
a. the text is structured and enumerated in a highly conventionalized format: each article, the title of which introduces the rheme or summarizes the content of the article, may consist of one or more sentences, each of which expresses a complete aspect of the content and begins with a cardinal number. Where compound sentences are long, each coordinate clause is written in one line enumerated with a letter.
b. the text is emic. There are no pronominal references to the addresser and the addressees; the text is determined through text-immanent criteria and is marked by an explicitness and elaborateness typical of the written mode,
c. lack of repetition resulting in a lack of redundancy,
d. frequent use of repetition of nouns to ensure precision of reference: 6.(2) nhà đầu tư, 8.(2) hàng hoá, dịch vụ, 11.(1, 2) pháp luật, chính sách, quyền lợi, ưu đãi, nhà đầu tư, 11.(3) nhà đầu tư.
(2) Participation: complex, there is participation of both addresser and addressees.
The text is a monologue with addressees being directly addressed and given instructions. The addresser is the law-making body of the country, i.e. the National Assembly of Vietnam. The text is addressee-oriented but the addressees’ potential reactions are not taken into account by the addresser. The addressees have no other choice than to do as directed. This dimension is manifest in the following means:
Syntactic means:
a. frequent use of modal auxiliaries to denote rights that the addresser grants the addressees: được : 6.(2/1, 3), 9.(1, 2, 3), 10.( ), 11.(1, 2); không bị 6.(1, 2/1); as well as the obligations that the addresser imposes on the addressees: phải: 6.(2/2);
b. absence of modal auxiliary of obligation but the sense of obligation is still felt: 6.(4), 9.(4);
c. absence of interrogative sentences, which allows for no direct (even imaginary) participation of the addressees.
Textual means:
a. repeated use of the noun ‘ nhà đầu tư’ with both specific and generic references, which directs the text at the addressees whenever the word is used. The noun ‘ nhà đầu tư’ has no distinction bet...
