D
D
D D
NGHIEN
ClilU
-
TRAO DOI
XU
THf
TOAN
CAU VA
GIAI
PHAP PHAT
TRI^N
DAT Mdc
GIAI DOAN
2010-2025
Nguyen Van Lang*
1.
Kinh te the gidi va
nhufng
van de toan
cau
d
giai doan dau thien nien ky
mdi
Tii nvia sau cua the ky XX nhan loai da
chijtng
kien nhiing bien dong to 16n tren quy
mo toan cau vdi nhiing cuoc chay dua vii
trang, dich chuyen chinh tri xa hoi va nhiing

te*'
vdi
phiidng cham "Hoi nhap, Hdp tac va Canh
tranh". Chien tranh lanh ket thiic, tuy
khong md ra ky nguyen mdi hoa binh va
thinh viidng
nhii
nhan loai mong ddi nhifng
da tao thuan ldi cho xu the hoa diu, hoa
hoan trong quan he giiia cac quoc gia; tao
tien de da
ciic
hoa trong xu the da dang hoa,
da phiidng hda, hoi nhap khu
viic
va quoc te.
Trong dd, moi quoc gia va vung lanh tho deu
cvmg ton tai, ciing canh tranh va hdp tac.
Giai doan ngay nay, khoa hoc va cong
nghe diidc
khSng
dinh la dong
lUc
phat trien
va tang
triidng
kinh
te
cua cac quoc gia va
moi nen kinh te. Cach mang cong nghe hien

nghin ty USD; Dia •
tdi
chinh vdi 3 dong tien
thanh toan quoc te la USD, EURO, YEN va
hang chuc dong tien thanh toan cua nhiing
niidc khac. Dia
-
thong tin vdi bieu triing la
mang Internet ngay mot nang cap va md
rong; Dia • vdn hod vdi 3 khoi di biet Anglo-
xdcxong, Hoi gido va Hdn hod tren quy mo
toan cau. Nhiing nam dau Thien nien ky
cue
dien mdi dang
tiidng
tac
l^n
nhau trong ddi
song eua xa hoi; diin ra dong thdi, thiidng
xuyen, lien
tue
va xam nhap lln nhau; da
lam thang tram va dao
Ion
diidng
loi
va
chien
liidc
doi ngoai ciia nhieu cac quoc gia

d'n
dinh tifdng
doi
tai moi quoc gia deu
cd nguy cd chuyen hoa thanh tinh the lien
tue xao tron. Van
de
dat ra la,
vdi tinh
each
dac
trifng
thdi dai, qua trinh tang triidng va
phat trien ngay cang nhanh, khi nao se dat
tdi miic gidi han va khi nao se
vifdt
qua kha
nang giam sat, dieu tiet va quan ly cua eae
nha lanh dao qudc gia, to chiie va dinh che
qudc te?. Day la khd khan vdi bat ky nha
lanh dao nao khi phai doi mat vdi nhiing van
de quoc te, nhiing van de mang
tinh
toan
cau. Thiic te nay ddi hdi phai cd nhiing nd
liic
phd'i hdp, hdp tac cua nhieu niidc thuoc
cac nen van hoa khac nhau.
Tien bo phi thiidng cua lich
sxi diia

iMng
thUc;
An ninh
moi trudng va kem theo dd
la
cac van de xa
hoi nay sinh.
1.1.
An ninh tdi chinh
Dot pha
eiia
cdng nghe thdng tin truyen
thdng da pha vd
biic
tifdng khdng gian - thdi
gian, mot
lUdng khd'ng
lo phi vu giao dich tai
chinh da difdc thiic hien thdng qua mang tai
ehinh dien
tii
toan cau, lien thdng vdi td'c do
ciic
nhanh, tao nen mot khd'i
ladng
ldn tien
ao,
ed gia tri gap hang tram ngan lan gia tri
ddng tien that, ma khdng mot ai,
qud'c

Gia ca tang vot vao cud'i nam 2007 va dau
nam 2008 gay bien dong ldn tai nhieu nifdc;
bdn con rdng chau A, ciing bi anh hifdng
nang ne, eho dii da bdm hang nghin ty USD
vao de
viic
day nen kinh te.
Trong bao eao "Trien vpng Kinh te The
gidi" (WEO) cdng bd'
triidc
hdi nghi thiidng
nien Miia Xuan 2009, Quy Tien te The gidi
(IMF) cho biet cuoc khung hoang hien nay
tac ddng bat ldi tdi hoat dong thiidng mai
qud'c te, khd'i lifdng thifdng mai
dii
kien giam
11%
va kinh te the gidi cung giam 1,3%
trong nam 2009 va
chi
tang
chtfng
0,6% vao
nam 2010 ( IMF 2009). Tvf thiic te cua
khung hoang tai chinh lan nay, lanh dao
nhieu niidc, cac td chiic va dinh che qud'c te
deu cd chung nhan xet la: Cuoc khung hoang
dd dnh
hicdng

QUAN LY KINH
T£
Si29nu12/2009)
xu JHi
TOAN
CAU
VA
GIAI
PHAP PHAT
TRif
N
DAT
NUdC
GIAI DOAN 2010-2025
NGHIEN ClilU
-
TRAP DPI
^^\\
hien mot
ca
che
xii
ly khung hoang dqi dien
cho cd nhiing nen kinh
te
phdt trien ldn dang
phdt trien: dd
Id
G-20. Mac dii cd
che

ta dang
s\l
dung deu bat ngudn tii hda thaeh
(than da, dau md, khi ddt ), la dang tai
nguyen khdng the tai tao, diidc khai thac tii
trong long dat va cac dai difdng. Theo
dii
bao,
ngudn nang lifdng nay se can kiet, dau
md thifdng mai
chi
cdn
dii dCing
60 nam, khi
tii
nhien 80 nam va than khoang 150 - 200
nam. Quy Bao ve Dong vat hoang da The
gidi (WWF) eho biet, con ngiidi dang
sii
dung
ngudn tai nguyen thien nhien vdi tdc do
nhanh hdn nhieu lan so vdi kha nang san
xuat mdi ciia hanh tinh. Loai ngifdi hien tieu
thu nhieu hdn 20% kha nang tai tao tai
nguyen eiia trai dat. Tif nam 1970 den 2000,
con ngiidi da
sii
dung 40% sd'ddng vat sd'ng
tren can, ngudn nifdc va sinh vat bien. Trong
giai doan 1961-2000, tieu thu nang lifdng

bao, nam 2009, sd' ngifdi thieu an
tren the gidi
vifdt ngifdng
mot ty. Theo
Jacques
Diouf,
Tdng Giam ddc FAO, nguy cd
ngifdi ngheo thieu an se cdn gia tang ciing
vdi cac kho
dii
trii lifdng thiic the gidi rdi
xudng miic thap nhat va viec san xuat ngay
cang bi bien ddi khi hau de doa. Ong ket
luan: "Khung hodng liidng thiic khong
nhiing vdn cbn do, md lqi cbn bi khung
hodng kinh te tdi chinh
Idm
cho gay gdt
them".
Tai Hoi nghi Bd triidng Bo Ndng
nghiep cae qud'c gia G8 thang 4/2009,
Kanayo Nwanze, Giam ddc Quy phat trien
Lifdng thiic The gidi (
FIDA)
eho biet "Tdi
ndm 2050, tdng sdn pham liicfng thiic the'
gidi buoc phdi tdng gdp doi mdi ddp Ung du
nhu cdu
cita cii
ddn tren hdnh tinh, de ed the

nguyen thien nhien; 6 nhiim moi triidng vd
nhiing tai bien thien nhien. Neu d the ky
XVIII, Man-tuyt va Tiu-go
diia
ra cai
goi
la
Quy luqt ve
sii
gidm ddn
sii
phi nhieu cua
ddt dai; den the ky XIX, Tdm-xdn va Cd-ru-
xd dat van de ve
sii
can kiet cdc nguon ndng
liidng,
thi ngay nay con ngiidi da phai noi
den nguy ca can kiet todn bg cdc nguon tdi
nguyen thien nhien, ca tai tao va khdng tai
tao tren hanh tinh. Di cung can kiet
tai
nguyen thien nhien la van nan d nhiem mdi
triidng,
din
den nhiing hiem hoa
sinh thai
Stf2g(1U12/2009)
QUAN LY KINH
ti

lam bien ddi cac dieu kien thien nhien theo
chieu hifdng rat tieu
ciic
dd'i vdi
sii
sd'ng tren
trai dat.
Mot trong nhiing bien ddi sinh thai
nguy hiem nhat la
sii
thay ddi khi hdu trdi
ddt. Day la hau qua tong hdp, tat yeu ciia
cac hien tifdng d nhiim mdi trifdng. Theo
nhieu
dii
bao, nhiet dp trung binh cda trdi
ddt giiia the ky XXI se tang len tii
1,5°
C
den
4,5°C
va keo theo la biet bao hiem hoa
khac.
Theo G.B. Brdn-td-man, nguyen
Chu tich iiy ban Mdi trifdng va Phat trien
The gidi, bien ddi khi hau la mdi de doa
ldn nhat, nd khdng nhiing de doa
sii
tdn
vong

IPCC,
khi SLR
dang cao
hdnlm,
Bangladesh se mat
khoang 1/5 dien tich, hdn 2.000 dam
vudng d viing duyen hai va thanh thi
tieu bang North Carolina (My) se
nim
difdi miic
niidc bien. Ba
mifdi
trong so'
cac thanh phd' ldn nhat cua the gidi dang
nim
gan bien,
Im
thuy trieu dang se day
triic tiep 300 trieu ngifdi vao tinh trang
nguy hiem.
1.5. Nhiing vdn de xd
hpi
Mot trong nhiing van de ndi len
gay
biic xiic
d moi qud'c gia va mdi ngifdi dan
la 6 nhiem moi triidng tinh thdn con
ngiidi. O nhiem van hda, d nhiem dao diic
la nhiing van de khd thay, nhifng siic huy
hoai ciia chiing thi that khdn lifdng.

loai,
tdn tai trong moi xa hoi, moi thdi dai,
moi he thd'ng chinh tri va moi dan tdc deu
phai dd'i mat. Cd the ndi, tham nhiing vdi
nhieu bien thai tinh vi dd la mot phan
thuoc ve ban chat ddi sd'ng con ngifdi.
Chiing ta khdng the xoa sach difdc tham
nhiing, ddn gian vi chiing ta khdng the
tieu diet het loai ngifdi. Do vay, khdng the
chi
nhin tham nhiing
diidi
con
mit
cua
nha tdi pham hoc ma phai nghien ciiu nd
mot
each
toan dien va bien chiing difdi
nhiing khia canh khac nhau cua ddi sd'ng
kinh te-xa hdi. Chi cd
each
nhin diing
din
va khach quan mdi giiip chiing ta cd diidc
nhiing phifdng thuo'c hieu nghiem de che
ngii,
hay it nhat la han che thii benh dich
xa hdi nay.
Internet

TRAP
DPI
rrm
tiiy,
mai dam, dd la nhiing trang "Web
den". Ben canh ldi
ich
khdng the phii nhan
cua Internet, cdng nghe thdng tin ky dieu
tren nhiing website den ciing de trd thanh
cdng cu "truyen nhiem" van hda ddi truy,
hiiy hoai nhiing gia tri van hoa, dao
diic
cua moi qud'c gia, ma biet bao
the
he di
trifdc
da day cdng xay diing, giii gin.
Riia tien {Money Laundering) la viec bien
ddi thu nhap phi phap thanh tai san ma cac
cd quan cdng quyen khdng the truy ra ngudn
gdc.
Theo Quy Tien te Qud'c Te (IMF), hang
nam cd khoang 640 ti den 1,6 nghin ty USD,
khoang 2-5% GDP toan clu la tien ban.
Trong dd, khoang 250
ti
USD di vao
nUdc
My; lifdng tien nay ldn hdn tdng doanh thu

nam 1990 den 2000 dau
tif
gian tiep nifdc
ngoa tang gap 10 lln va
diu tif
triic tiep
tang gan 3 lln (nam 2003 dat 560 ty USD).
Dieu hien nhien la, cang nhieu loai hinh
dieh vu tai chinh thi cang lam ed hoi va each
thiic de chuyen tien phi phap, hoac
difa
tien
ban vao ludng tien sach Tien ban va hoat
ddng riia tien lam sai lech cac thd'ng ke kinh
te,
lam anh hifdng sau sac den phan bd' thu
nhap,
tao bat cdng va lam chao dao
sii
tin
nhiem eiia xa hdi vao cae thi trifdng tai
chinh. 0 cac nifde kem
phit
trien, tham
nhiing, riia tien la van nan nhiie nhdi. Trai
lai,
nhiing nifde phifdng Tay lai khdng he
"che"
tien ban do tham nhiing d
elc

Thvfc
trang kinh te va
nhiifng
giai
phap xay diing dat
nvCdc
theo hiidng
"dan giau,
ntidc
manh"
Bude vao the'ky XXI, sau khi trd thanh
thanh vien chinh thiic ciia WTO, thiic
hien cam ket Quy che thifdng mai binh
thifdng vinh viin (PNTR) vdi Hoa Ky; cac
rao can thifdng mai dan difdc dd bd, vi the
ciia
Viet Nam tren trifdng qud'c te ngay
mot nang cao ciing vdi cac hoat ddng hdp
tac kinh te,
diu tif
md rdng va thi trifdng
qud'c te ngay cang difdc cung cd', tang
eUdng.
Nhd chinh tri dn dinh, an ninh -
qud'c phdng dam bao, Viet Nam da tao mdi
trifdng thuan ldi de thu
hiit
manh
diu tif
nifdc ngoai. Cd the ndi ea the va

vu chu yeu deu bi giam
siit,
thi trifdng
xuat khau thu hep, dau
tif
nifdc ngoai va
ngudn ngoai hdi thu ve cd nhieu han che.
Ben canh nhiing sut giam nay, nhieu khd
khan ndi tai vdn cd ciia nen kinh
te vin
cham difdc
khic
phuc.
Sd29(1U12/2009)
OUAN
Lt
KINH
T^
[TOI
NGHIEN
Giio
•
TRAP DDI
xu
THf
TOAN CAU
VA
GIAI
PHAP PHAT
TRI^N

siit
va dang cd xu
hiidng bi huy hoai. Tdi nguyen bien, mot
khu
viic
cd y nghia sinh tii dd'i vdi van
menh dat nifdc, song difdng
nhif
cdn bi
lang quen.
Sau hdn 20 nam ddi mdi, mac dii cd
nhieu thanh
tiiu
kinh te to ldn, nhifng
GDP theo dau ngifdi hien nay van thap va
cdn
nim
d khoang
each
kha xa so vdi cac
nifdc trong khu
viic,
chUa bing
1/2 so vdi
Indonesia, difdi 1/3 Thai Lan. Muc tieu
hoan thanh
sii
nghiep cdng nghiep hoa
theo hifdng hien dai vao nam 2020 van cdn
kha xa, trong khi thdi gian cdn lai khdng

d
miic rat
cao ( Thanh Phifdng va Thanh Y 2009).
Thiic tien hien nay cho thay, ldi the
phat trien cua Viet Nam thdi gian qua,
chu yeu
diia
tren ldi the lao dpng re vd
khai thdc tdi nguyen, dd
la
phiidng thiic
phdt trien theo chieu rpng (Extensive
Development) dang dan tdi ngifdng khdng
the vifdt qua. De dam bao
toe
do va nang
liic
canh tranh ciia minh, Viet Nam tat
yeu phai chuyen qua mot phifdng thiic
phdt trien mdi theo chiiu sdu (Intensive
Development)
diia
tren nen san xuat tham
dung cdng nghe va ky thuat, phat huy
td'i
da nhiing ldi the cd ban ma it niidc cd the
sanh difdc ve ngudn
liic
con ngiidi, nong
nghiep chdu A nhiet ddi gid

ca dan toe trong mot the gidi dang phat
trien nhanh, ma ngifdi Nhat da tiing nhin
nhan khdng phai "Sai mot ly, di mpt
ddm",
ma la "Sai mpt ly, di mpt ddi".
Vdi phifdng thiic phat trien hien nay, ve
thiic chat, nen kinh te Viet Nam dang di
theo eon difdng phat trien theo chieu rong.
Mot khi phifdng thiic phat trien theo chieu
rong tien den gidi han ciia nd, thi tdc do
phat trien bi giam
siit
nhanh va nen kinh
te se chiu nhieu tac dong tieu
ciic.
Neu
khdng nhan thiic difdc dieu nay de cd bien
phap dd'i phd kip thdi, 10 nam tdi, kinh te
Viet Nam se gap phai nhieu nan giai. Da
den
Iiic
kinh te Viet Nam phai
vUdn len
tam cao mdi de cd kha nang canh tranh
difdc vdi cac nifdc trong khu
viic
va tren
the gidi. Hifdng vao phat trien kinh te dat
nifdc mot
each

tim
nhin xa ciing
nhif
thieu
nhiing
dii
bao ve phat trien khoa hoe &
cdng nghe, nen thudng mang tinh phan
tan, khdng gan ket vdi nhau vi muc tieu
phat trien chung cua ca qud'c gia. Den nay,
nhan
thUe
ve trinh do phat trien cdng
nghiep, cdng nghe, kha nang canh qud'c
gia ciia Viet Nam tren quy md
the
gidi va
khu vUc van dang cdn la bai toan nan giai
ddi vdi nen kinh te.
De chan hUng dat nUde theo hUdng dan
gilu,
nUdc manh, dat
dUde
muc tieu KT-
XH trong thien nien ky mdi thi nhiing ndi
dung ldn ciia phat trien kinh te
cin
phai
tap trung vao viec bien nUdc ta trd thanh:
Ciidng

manh theo hudng nay, nhieu
dii
bao cho
ring,
Viet Nam cd the dat tren 40 ty
USD/nam trong mot thdi gian khdng xa.
Tiem nang xuat khau cd nhieu, nhiing
mat hang cd the vUdn len
din
dau the gidi
cd the la
liia
gao, thiiy san, ca phe, cao su,
rau qua, hat dieu va san pham gd.
Lua gao: Nhin tren ban dd the gidi, dd
dang nhan thay, Viet Nam da trd thanh
cUdng qud'c
lUdng
thiic thii hai. Vdi truyen
thd'ng van minh
liia nUde
cd lich sU va
kinh nghiem tif hang nghin nam, Viet
Nam hoan toan cd the xuat khau cdng
nghe trdng
liia
cho nhieu nUde tren the
gidi,
nhat la cac nUdc d chau Phi va My La
tinh. Trong dieu kien an ninh

nam 1897;
den nay, dUde md rong trdng tren dia ban
ca nUdc. Theo hUdng phat trien da nganh,
nhim
sU dung triet de nguyen lieu
sin
cd,
gia tang
gii
tri san pham va nhiing ldi the
tiem nang; Tap doan Cdng nghiep Cao su
Viet Nam
dii
tinh den nam 2015 se dUa
dien tich cao su len 50 van ha. Hien nay,
cao su Viet Nam diing
thii
3 the' gidi, dang
cd nhieu hiia hen de md rong thi trUdng
tieu thu den nhieu
nUde
tren the gidi va
trong khu
viic.
Hat diiu: Viet Nam da vUdt qua An Do,
cUdng qud'c Dieu, de trd thanh qud'c gia
dan dau
the
gidi ve xuat khau. Chat
lUdng

-
TRAD
DOI
xu
THf
TOAN
CAU
VA
GIAI
PHAP
PHAT
TRif
N
DAT
NLTOC
GIAI DOAN 2010-2025
hai nam qua. Ve
khdi
lUdng,
xuat khau hd
tieu da tang 11.506 tan so vdi cung ky
2008.
Thuy sdn: Trong 10 nam vifa qua, xuat
khau thuy san cua Viet Nam cd bUdc phat
trien dly an tUdng. TU chd khdng cd ten,
den nay thuy san Viet Nam da diing vao
nhdm 10
nUde
cd gia tri kim ngach xuat
khau ldn nhat the gidi .

Uu dai, Viet Nam da hinh thanh dUdc
nhieu
.vung
kinh te sinh thai
tif
Tay
Nguyen den Ddng Bang sdng
Ciiu
Long,
Ddng Bang sdng Hdng va tdi day la Tay
Bae va vung ven bien Tuy nhien, nhin
chung san pham ndng nghiep lam ra
vin
la nguyen heu thd, gia tri gia tang thap,
chUa ed thUdng hieu manh va thieu
sUc
canh tranh vdi san pham cung loai cua
Thai Lan va Trung Qudc.
Van de quan trong anh hUdng den chat
lUdng
ndng san xuat khau la gid'ng, cdng
nghe sau thu hoach va che bie'n.
Ddi
vdi
Ilia
gao, tdn that sau thu hoach thUdng tif
9 den 17%, tham chi 20-30%; nghia
la
mat
khoang 3.000 ty ddng hang nam. Trong

naj'
chi cd the
lam tdt khi cd cd che chinh sach, che do
thich hdp nham thu
hiit
chuyen gia, nha
ndng hoc trong, ngoai nUdc va nhat la
khuyen khich cac doanh nghiep dau tU
cdng siic va tri tue vao linh
viic
nay.
2.2.
Trd thdnh ciidng qud'c ve kinh te
bien
La mot nUdc nhiet ddi gid
miia,
Viet
Nam cd bd bien dai hdn 3126 km, them luc
dia rong vdi hang ngan dao giau ngudn ldi
thuy hai san, dau md, khoang san, nguyen
lieu hydrat, mudi, Cimg vdi tai nguyen
bien dao la he thd'ng cang bien nUdc sau,
nhieu vinh va bai bien ndi tieng. Doe theo
bd bien chay dai cdn biet bao bai cat dep,
cd the xay diing thanh
nhUng
trung tam
du lich, nghi dUdng, cac resort, bai
tim
mang tam qud'c te. Tai nguyen va the

Viet Nam. Cac thanh
pho
cang
ndi
tieng the gidi nhU Chicago,
Amsterdam hay Osaka trong giai doan
dau deu la
nhUng
dau tau kinh te cua My,
Ha Lan va Nhat Ban. Ciing vdi
sii
trdi day
cua nen kinh te chau A, vdi vi tri cua
minh, nhieu ludng hang cd the se tii
Trung Qud'c, An Do hay Thai Lan,
OUAN LY KINH
TE
sa 29 (11f 12/2009)
XU THE TOAN CAU VA
GlAl
PHAP PHAT
TRif
N
DAT
NUOC
GIAI DOAN 2010-2025
NGHIEN CIJIJ
-
TRAO
DPI

trong xay diing va
phat trien cac nganh
chii
dao; can tap
trung vao cac khau nhU: Dieu tra khao
sat, tham dd tai nguyen bien va dai
dUdng; Khai thac va
che
bien hai san;
Tham dd va khai thac
diu
khi; Tham dd
va khai thac khoang san; Du lich bien;
Dich vu cang bien va khdng gian bien;
Cdng nghiep tau thuy va van tai bien.
Hoat dong KH&CN can hudng vao van
dung cdng nghe cao trong hang loat cac
hoat ddng tham dd va khai thac nhU: Cdng
nghe khai thac nang
lUdng
bien; Cdng
nghe tham dd va khai
thic
hai san xa bd;
Cdng nghe sinh vat bien, nghien
cUu
chii
yeu de tao ra cac gid'ng nudi trdng mdi Uu
viet, cac gidng ed tinh dot pha de day
manh qua trinh nudi trdng; Cdng nghe

tai,
nang eao nang
liie
bao ve mdi trUdng
bien phai quan tam nhieu hdn
nUa
den
Cdng nghe tham dd mdi trUdng bien. Ddng
thdi vdi nhUng qua trinh nay,
cin
cd sU
diu
tu, phdi hdp, nghien cUu mot
each
toan dien de tao thanh sUc manh tdng
hdp,
ket hdp chat che ca qudc phdng vdi
khoa hoc cdng nghe, kinh te, chinh tri tren
bien. Qud'c phdng bien manh se la chd
diia
eho ba con ngU dan va cae hoat ddng kinh
te-xa hdi tren vung bien, dao cua dat nUdc.
Lich sii dUdng bien the gidi cho thay,
kinh
te
bien ludn la nganh miii nhon;
trong dd cang bien ed vai trd chu dao. Ndi
nao cd cang, ndi dd se la thanh phd' vdi
kinh
te

phai
ndi rdng
tim
nhin quy hoach he thd'ng
cang bien Viet Nam. Tieu chi thdi gian de
quy hoach cho he thd'ng cang bien qud'c gia
khdng nen gidi han 20 nam, ma phai rdng
den 50 nam, hoac dai hdn
nUa,
nhim
tao
thuan ldi cho kinh te bien Viet Nam theo
kip va
phii
hdp vdi
sii
phat trien thdi dai.
Ngoai viec dang hinh thanh 5 cang con-
tainer cd quy md ddn tau container
6000TEUS cap ben vao nam 2009- 2010,
can tap trung day manh dau tU xay difng
cang Van Phong thanh cang trung chuyen
tam cd
the
gidi bao gdm ea cang container,
cang tdng hdp, cang chuyen tai nhien lieu.
SA 29(11*12/2009)
OUAN LY KINH
TE
[TOI

chi
dao ddi vdi
sU nghiep phat trien kinh te bien Viet Nam
la: "Xdy diing vd phdt trien todn dien cdc
linh viic
kinh te, xd hpi, khoa hpc&cong
nghe, tdng ciidng cdng cd qudc phbng, an
ninh,
Idm
cho ddt niidc gidu manh tii bien,
bdo ve moi triidng bien. Phdn ddu den ndm
2020, kinh te'tren bien vd ven bien dong gop
khodng
53-55%
tdng GDP cda cd niidc ".
(Dang CSVN 2007).
Nhan manh noi dung
eiia
dinh hUdng
phat trien tren day, nhieu nha phan tich eho
ring,
neu "Phdt trien niidc ta thdnh ciidng
qudc nong nghiep vd ciidng qudc kinh te bien
cua the gidi" thi moi van de ve phat trien dat
nUdc deu da tap trung vao khu
viic
chiem
hdn 80% dan sd ca nUde vdi trong sd ldn la
ndng dan. Neu lam tdt 2 ndi dung nay,
chiing ta se giai quyet cd ban van de an sinh

xa hdi thdng tin. Thiic te phat trien KT-
XH ciing eho thay,
nUde
ta dang cd cd hdi
de phat trien nganh cdng nghe nay. Viet
Nam diing
thU
10 trong 50 nUdc cd sife thu
hiit
ldn nhat dau tU nUdc ngoai vao cdng
nghe thdng tin. Ciing vdi tang
trUcing
kinh
te,
sii
gia tang nhanh chdng cac doanh
nghiep CNTT va viin thdng ldn
mcl
ra
nhieu cd hdi mdi. Vdi quyet dinh dau tU
gan 10 ty USD vao thiet ke, san xuat vi
mach, may tinh, dien thoai di dong, thiet
bi viin thdng cua 5 cdng ty ldn (Intel,
Renesas, Campal, Samsung va Foxcon) de
den nam 2012 dat doanh thu 30 ty USD
(ehiem 1/3 GDP cua Viet Nam hien nay)
thi viec lam trong cdng nghe thdng tin vd
ciing to ldn, nhUng thieu hut nghiem
trong cua cac cdng ty hang dau nay lai la
ngudn nhan

dung nhU ky vong. Vdi
lan sdng dau tU nUdc ngoai, nhieu tap
doan hang
diu
the gidi
Ao
vao
nUde
ta, tao
thdi cd phat trien, nhUng mot khi thieu
lao dong chat
lUdng
thi thdi cd ciing se qua
di.
Chinh vi le nay, quyet tam ciia Chinh
phu Viet Nam la phai td chifc dao tao de
cd 1 trieu lao dong ky nang lam viec trong
linh vUc nay.
Thue hien chUdng trinh phat trien va dao
tao ky nang cdng nghe thdng tin theo tieu
chuan Nhat Ban, nhieu trUdng Dai hoc
trong nUdc da phd'i hdp dao tao va td chiic
nhiing ky thi thi chung lay chifng
chi
cdng
nghe thdng tin Nhat Ban. Sd' lieu thd'ng ke
tii nam 2005 den 2008 cho thay, sd'ngUdi dat
tieu chuan cua Viet Nam dat
15,8%;
rieng

ngudn nhan
liie
dap
iing
nhu
clu
trong nUdc
va eho ca ben
ngoai.
Trong
xu the
phat trien cdng nghe
thdng
tin
toan
clu, elc
nUde phat trien
deu tham
hut lao
dong chat
lUdng
cao.
Vao
nam 2008, trong
so' 14,8
trieu ngUdi
thi
CNTT
d
Nhat

dong triic tiep trong doanh nghiep phan
mem, khoang
hdn 20
ngan
lam
viec trong
doanh nghiep
ndi
dung
so' va
dich
vu
CNTT;
gin
100
ngan
lao
ddng trong
elc
doanh nghiep dien
tii,
phln ciing
may
tinh
va Udc
tinh
cd
khoang
90
ngan nhan

trung
cap
chuyen nghiep;
eiing nhieu chUdng trinh
dao tao
qud'c
te
(Nien giam CNTT Viet
Nam
2008). CNTT
Viet
Nam dat
dUdc
nhUng
ket qua
dang
ghi nhan, nhUng
so vdi
Nhat
Ban, Han
Qud'c, Singapore, Malaysia, Trung Qudc,
An Dp
thi van
dang
cdn mot
khoang each
rat
xa. Vi du, vdi
doanh
sd

ndy.
Vdi nhip
dd
tang trUdng
cad va sU gia
tang nhanh chdng
dau tU
nUde ngoai
vao
linh viic
CNTT
va
viin thdng, Viet
Nam
dang
ddi hdi mot so'
lUdng
ldn
nhan
liic
ed
tinh chuyen nghiep
rat
cao.
Mae du
dUdc
coi
la
mot
diem ngam

cd tay
nghe
vdi
chat
lUdng
cao. Ngoai nhiing nganh
nghe quen thude dang thieu
lao
dong, hien
cd nhieu nganh nghe CNTT
mdi, rat
thieu
nhan
liie
nhU
tiep
thi,
viet sach
ky
thuat,
kiem
tra
chinh sifa
phan
mem,
giao dich
dam phan dien
tii,
giao dieh thUdng
mai-

chuyen
ve
thiet
ke, san
xuat
vi
mach,
nam
2007
da
trien khai
xay
diing Trung
tam
thiet
ke tai
TP.HCM,
cin
tuyen khoang
1.000 ky sU ve
thiet
ke ban dan.
NhUng trong sudt
2 nam
tim kiem khoang
500 ky sU cho
giai doan
dau, cdng
ty nay chi
tuyen dUde

eua
Intel
can
tuyen
se
tiep
tue
tang
eao.
NhUng
khi
kiem
tra
gin
2.000 sinh vien
nam
cudi
thi
chi
ed 90
sinh
vien
dat yeu cau
tuyen dung.
Hien
nay, nhu eau
thiic
te ve
nhan
liie

lUdng.
Chat
lUdng
ngudn nhan
life
thap khong
chi
lam gidm ndng
liic
canh tranh
cua
ngdnh
CNTT Viet
Nam, md cbn gdy
lang
phi rdt
ldn
cd vi
thdi gian
vd
tiin
ciia.
Cho du ed ldi
the'
chi phi
thap, nhUng
neu
khdng
cd lao
ddng

phdt trien CNTT
phuc
vu
sii
nghiep CNH-HDH'
eua Bd
SA'29(11+12/2009)
OUAN
Lt
KINH
TE
VTB
NGHIEN
Cljnj
-
TRAP
DPI
xu
THf
TOAN
CAU
VA
GIAI
PHAP PHAT
TRI^N
DAT
NUOC
GIAI
DOAN
2010-2025

hiit
hieu
qua cac doanh nghiep, tap doan CNTT
nUdc ngoai cd y dinh dau tU tham gia vao
td
chUe
dao tao hoac lien ket dao tao d Viet
Nam. Vdi quyet dinh nay, cd the hieu day
la chien
lUde
cua Chinh phu de bien Viet
Nam thanh mot cUdng qud'c ve CNTT
trong mot tUdng lai khdng xa (Dang
CSVN 2000; Thu tudng Chinh phu 2009).
Quyet dinh cua Chinh phu dinh
rd
quan diem, muc tieu, cac nhiem vu va giai
phap
phit
trien ngudn nhan
liic
CNTT
Viet Nam den 2020 vdi nhieu nhiem vu cu
the bao gdm: Phat trien doi ngu dang vien,
giao vien cdng nghe thdng tin; Phat trien
ddi ngii nghien
ciiu
ve cdng nghe thdng
tin; Xay diing va phat trien ddi ngii giam
ddc cdng nghe thdng tin trong cac cd quan

viic
vd todn cdu
Idm
khdu quyet dinh, tien
tdi "xudt khdu" ngudn nhdn
liic
cdng nghe
thdng tin chdt liicfng cao vdo ndm 2020.
Neu lam dUdc nhU vay, ke tii nam 2015,
Viet Nam se cd kha nang trd thanh mot
trong 70 nUdc phat trien CNTT hang
diu
the gidi. Trong Tam nhin den nam 2020,
CNTT se la linh vUe ndng cd't de Viet Nam
chuyen ddi cd cau kinh te - xa hdi, trd
thanh nUdc tien tien ve phat trien kinh te
tri thUe va xa hdi thdng tin
De thiic hien chien
lUdc
nay,
cic
nganh,
cac cap can phai nang cao nhan thiic ve
vai trd ciia CNTT; hoan thien cd che,
chinh sach, luat phap; thiic hien tdt elc
chien
lUdc
va quy hoach; tang cUdng td
chiic bd may quan ly ciia Nha
nUde;

viec thanh lap cac trUdng dao tao nhan
life
CNTT dang la ddi hdi can thiet.
3.
Ctf
sd cho thanh cong va hy vong
Xay diing dat nUde theo hudng "Ddn
gidu niidc manh" la van de mang tinh
chien
lUdc
dd'i vdi
sii
phat trien Viet Nam
trong tUdng lai. Thiet
nghi,
dieu quan
trpng khi thiic hien hudng di nay la phai
nhan rd ldi the so sanh
giUa
nUde ta vdi
cac nude khu vUc va tren the gidi trong
tim
nhin dai han, khdng chi 5-10 nam, ma
la 50 nam, tham chi tdi hang the ky.
Chiing ta tien hanh cdng nghiep hoa va
hien dai hoa dat nudc cimg vdi trien khai
tren quy md qud'c gia hang loat cac khu
cdng nghiep tap trung, khu dd thi, khu che
xuat. Thiic hien cdng cuoc nay, nhat thiet
OUAN LY KINH

nUde
nao so
sinh
dUde. Trong mot dat nUdc tren 86 trieu
dan, 63% thuoc do tudi 30-40; cho du vdi
xuat phat diem thap, 70% dan sd' thude
linh
viic
ndng nghiep, nhUng thay vao dd,
ngUdi Viet lai rat can
cU,
thdng minh, chiu
khd va ludn sang tao. Ngoai
nhUng
ndi
dung phat trien kinh te da neu, neu cd
chinh sach ky thuat va cdng nghiep song
hanh diing
din
va hdp ly, chiing ta hoan
toan cd the
sif
dung cd hieu qua cae ngudn
lUe
trong nUdc, bien nhiing kha nang tiem
tang thanh vdn hien thiic de day nhanh
tdc do chuyen dieh kinh te Viet Nam, ddng
thdi gdp phln giai quyet mot each hieu
qua Chinh sach Nong nghiep, Nong thon
vd Nong ddn (Tam Ndng).

mat hang tieu dimg cao cap, cd:
chat
lUdng
eao, phu hdp vdi yeu clu ve
chat
lUdng eiia
thi trUdng
the
gidi.
Mat khac, cung can phdt trien manh
dich vu du lich thdm dung lao dpng tai cac
khu cdng nghiep va
nhUng
dia phUdng cd
cae khu vui chdi, giai tri, an dUdng, nghi
mat, resort, bai bien, khu du lich, danh
thing ciia dat nUdcv.v.
Trong phat trien cdng nghiep theo
hudng hien dai,
cin
Uu tien phat trien
nhUng
nganh cdng nghiep hien dai, cd
tinh dot pha; song di len
tU
mdt ddt niidc
nong nghiep, thi viec xdy dUng mdt chien
luqc cong nghiep co tinh nhi nguyen hqp
ly, lqi
CO

cin
nhieu. Mat
khic,
cac nha
diu
tU va tai trd
nUde
ngoai van tin tUdng vao trien vong
phat trien cua Viet Nam,
vin
coi Viet
Nam la diem den an toan va hap
din.
Nhiing dieu nay cho phep chiing ta cd cd
sd de can nhac
liia
chon
nhim
phat huy
nhiing ldi the chien
lUdc
trong
tii
cd eau
nen kinh te.
Vdi tam nhin Ddi mdi, thdng qua
nhUng
chUdng trinh hanh dong tap trung vao
khai thac
nhUng

NLTOC
GIAI
DOAN
2010-2025
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO
1
Dang Cong
san
Viet
Nam, Ddy
manh
Ung
dung
vd
phdt trien Cong nghe thong
tin
phuc
vu
sii
nghiep CNH-HDH,
Chi
thi
58.CT/TW,
Ha Noi, 17/10/2000.
2
Dang Cong
san
Viet Nam,
Vdn
kien

Hoa
Ky, thang
4 nam
2009.
RAND Corporation (2009),
"Du
bao ve
cuoc
each mang cong nghe toan
cau den
nam 2020"
Dang tren trang
web:
www.Vista.gov.vn,
ngay
26
thang
9 nam
2009.
Thanh
PhUdng,
Thanh
Y
(2009),
"De co
nhiing chien thing
30
thang
tu
vang

SA29nU12/2009)