so
SANH TRUYEN CO TICH VIET
-
HAN
LUU
IHI HONG VIET
F
iet Nam va Han Qudc la hai nude cd
nhieu diem tuang ddng ve ljch sir,
van
hda,
van
hgc trong dd cd van hge dan
gian ndi chung, truyen ed tich ndi rieng. Ben
canh nhting diem tuong ddng, chae chan kho
tang truyen ed tich eua Viet Nam va Han
Qudc cung cd nhtrng net khae biet lam nen
ban sac ddc dao cua mdi dan tdc.
The nhung eho den nay, vide gidi thieu
truyen cd tich Viet Nam d Han Qude va
Iruyen cd tich Han Qudc d Viet Nam chua
nhidu,
vide
nghien ciru so sanh truyen ed tich
ciia
ngudi Viet va ngudi Han van cdn dang
di nhting budc dau tien. Nhieu phuang dien
ndi dung va nghe thuat cua truyen cd tich
Viet Nam va Han Qudc van can dugc tiep
luc nghien ciru trong bdi canh giao luu Viet
- Han hien nay. Tiep tyc hudng nghien ciru

hda nhu tin ngudng, phong
tyc.
Id hgi
hoae
cac ndi dung xa hdi - nhan
sinh.
+ Tin ngudng, phong
tue,
li hpi
Cac truyen cd tich giai thich cac hien
tugng ty nhien trdn ca sd gat bd dan ban
chat than ky, phi thudng cua tu duy than
thoai nhung van
giO
lai each suy nghT va
cam nhan nguyen thuy. Cd rat nhidu loai vat
khae nhau dugc ndi tdi trong truyen cd tich
cua Viet Nam va Han Qudc. Nhieu sy tich
ve cac cay cd, vat nudi, vat hoang da phan
anh mdt sd dac diem cua loai vat, the bien
nhan thirc cua dan gian ve the gidi ty nhien.
Vii try ddi vdi ngudi nguyen thuy ludn chira
dyng nhirng bi an va qua to ldn, vi the con
ngudi cd nhu cau kham pha, giai thich the
gidi xung quanh va tim hieu mdi quan he
cua con ngudi vdi thd gidi. Do dieu kien
sdng va nhu cau ty nhan thirc bang su hieu
biet cd han, bang thd gidi quan than thoai
nen khi giai thieh ve ngudn gdc loai vat dan
gian thudng ndi tdi bat banh

khi giai thich vd ngudn gdc loai vat ciing
nhu cac bien tugng ty nhien, dan gian
thudng dat trong mdi lien quan chat che vdi
hoat ddng cua con ngudi.
Dan gian hai nudc Viet Nam, Han Qudc
deu sang tao nen nhirng cau chuyen ma qua
dd ta thay dugc ve dep
^y
nhidn
ciia
mdi
qudc gia dan tdc vdi nhting
niii
cao, sdng
rdng, bidn Idn. Ngudi Viet cd hang loat sy
tich vd mii, deo, sdng, sudi, ao, hd va chi can
nhd ten cac truyen cd tich nay la chiing ta se
bidt dugc ten
niii,
tdn sdng, ten hd gan vdi
nhtrng viing mien
dan
cu ngudi Viet sinh
sdng. Dd la Su tich
niii
Ngu-hdnh, Su tich dd
Vong-phu, Su tich da Bd-rdu,
Sic
tich ho Ba-
bi, Su tich ddm Nhdt-dg va bai

lieu bidu la cac truydn: Su tich trau, cau
vd vol, Su tich cdy huyit du. Ngudi Han ed
Su tich hdn da Mong Su, Su tich hdn da hinh
eon hd, Su tich ngpn mil Ok Nan. Ngoai ra,
cac hien tugng nhu chdm sao Bac Dau, mat
irang, mat trdi, nude bidn man cung dugc
dan gian Han Qudc ly giai
rit
thu vj: Chuyin
bdy anh em chdm sao Bdc Ddu, Mat trdng
vd mat trdi, Tgi sao nudc biin man
Cd the ndi, Idp truyen luong ddi phd bien
ma ca ngudi Viet Nam va Han Qudc luu giir
lai dugc la nhung truyen giai Ihich bien
tugng ty nhien qua dd con ngudi tir the be
nay den the he khae truyen lai cho nhau
nhtrng hieu biet ve the gidi ly nhien phong
phu, da dang. Va tir dd con ngudi tim ra con
dudng de chinh phye ty nhien va sir dyng nd
mdt each
phii
hgp, giiip ich cho cugc sdng
con ngudi mdl each thiet thyc.
Dan gian bai nudc deu cd quan niem van
vat huu linh, van vat luong giao bdi cude
sdng ludn
gan
bd vdi thien nhien, vdi mudn
loai.
Vdi nhtrng rirng

Nhiing tin ngudng thd cay, thd da, thd
thin
sdng,
thin
niii,
thd ddng vat cung cd vai
trd quan trgng chi phdi den ddi sdng vat chat
va tinh
thin
cua con ngudi. Ngudi Viet da
ndi tdi tin ngudng thd da trong
truyen
Nguyin Khoa Ddng, thd
thin
cay nhu truyen
Su tich con sam. Ngoai ra, dan gian cdn cd
nidm tin vao cac than sdng bdi sdng sudi la
ca sd sinh sdng cua con ngudi. Truyen Ldy
bdy nhu Cao Biin day non luy ndi tdi luc
NGHIEN
ecru
OdNG
B^C
fl,
s6
6(100) 6-2009
59
Nghien citu khoa hqc
chgn huyet dat tdt nhung qua dd ngudi Viet tang cd tich cua ca ngudi Viet lan ngudi
ciing mudn ndi tdi tin ngudng thd than sdng. Han.

nhtrng khat khao cua con ngudi. Mdi khi rai net qua nhirng mau thuan, xung dot ve su
vao canh khd dau,
bit
hanh, khdng ldi thoat, phan chia, thira ke tai san khi cha me mat di
ngudi
dan
thudng
clu khin
Hanunim, mong (truyen Cdy khi cua ngudi Viet va truyen
dugc ciru giup, ban thudng: Chuyin bdy anh Hung Pu vd Nan Pu eua ngudi Han).
em chdm sao Bdc Ddu, Mat trdng vd mat Quan he gitra me ghe - con chdng, gitra
trdi,
Liia ciia
trdi, Cd chip
miia
dong, Chdo me chdng - nang dau cung la mdt trong
giun ddt. Nidm tin cua ngudi Han vao than nhirng quan he gia dinh da duge de cap trong
niii
da dugc phan anh qua truyen Man qud truyen cd tich cua bai nudc. Ndi dung
ciia
cua than
niii.
cac Iruyen xoay quanh sy dd kj, ghen ghet
Ca ngudi Viet va ngudi Han ddu de cao eua ngudi di ghe ddi vdi con chdng, ngudi
chir hidu, ca nggi nhirng
tim
ldng hieu thao me chdng ddi vdi nang dau.
ciia
con cai ddi vdi cha me, dng ba,
ciia

yeu the. Truyen ed tich quan tam den sd
phan cua nhieu ldp ngudi trong xa hdi trudc
bet la nhirng ngudi ngheo, chju nhieu thiet
thdi ludn mudn thoat khdi eai trat ty rang
budc,
tap tyc khdng binh dang, vd ly trong
gia dinh phy quyen. Sy len an, td cao nhtrng
nhan vat be tren, ngudi anh, ngudi me ke
chinh la sy phan khang lai nhtrng bat edng,
chdng lai sy phan biet ddi xir trgng trudng
khinh thir, coi trgng con de ban con chdng
vdn tdn tai trong xa hdi phong kien.
1.2.
Su tuong dong ve nghe thuat
+ Cdch dgt tin truyin
Khi sang tac truyen cd tich, dan gian hai
nudc Viet Nam, Han Qudc thudng dat ten
truyen theo ldi dan gian, de hieu, de nhd.
Khi mudn giai thich mdt bien tugng ty nhien
nao dd bay nhtrng dac diem
ciia
cac loai vat,
dan gian
lly
ngay ten ggi cua cac bien tugng
tu nhidn, cac dac diem loai vat de dat ten cho
truyen cd tich. Ngudi Viet cd cac truyen tieu
bidu: Su tich chim da da, Su tich con sam,
Su tich ong ddu rau,
Sir

tniia
xudn,
Ndng tiin
6c,
Chii
ri cdc (ngudi Han).
Den vdi Iruyen cd tich Viet - Han. chiing
ta
Ihay
cd nhieu truyen lay hinh dang ben
ngoai
ciia
nhan vat, tinh each cua nhan vat
lam ten iruyen. Dd la cac truyen Ngicdi lay
cdc, Ldy chong di, Ngicdi lay ich, Ndi ddi
nhu Cupi, Em be thong minh, Gdi ngoan dgy
chong, Chdng Ngoc duac kien
ciia
ngudi
Viet va truyen Chdng ri cdc, Ndng
6c
sin,
Viin quan dien r6, D6i va ch6ng uang
budng. Ngicdi va thong minh cua ngudi Han.
Ngoai ra, dan gian cdn lay nhtrng vat
quan trgng cd quan be nhieu vdi
chii
de va
cac nhiin
vai

nhan vat ngirdi con dau. Nhan vat
Ihudng dugc chia thanh hai tuyen: nhan vat
NGHIEN
ecru
OONG BflC fl,
s6
6(100) 6-2009
61
Ngh
ien citu khoa hqc
chinh didn va nhan vat phan dien
phii
hgp
vdi motif va col truyen. Cac loai nhan vat
nay khae nhau vd canh ngd, pham chat, lai
nang va ket cue sd phan. Truyen cd tich hap
dan ngudi dgc bdi truydn da chieu rgi anh
sang lac quan tin ludng vao cugc sdng. (J
day cugc dau tranh gitia cai thien va eai ac
ral quyet liet nhung bao gid cai thien ciing
chien thang. Vdi dae diem diing hinh thire ky
ao lam phuang thire chuyen tai ngi dung, eac
truyen cd tich ed sire hap dan mgi lira tudi,
mgi the he. Ngudi dgc se ciing eac nhan
vai
cua truyen phieu didu trong the gidi vira hu
vira thyc, cd ca cai thap hen, cai cao thugng,
ed ca nhirng cai sinh hoat thudng ngay, an
oan, ghen tudng, dd ky, Ige lira.
+ Cdc kiiu truyin, dgc diim cot truyin vd

du cae thanh phan: trinh bay,
khai doan
(thit
nut), phat trien, dinh diem
(cao trao) va kdt thuc (md mil). Md dau
truyen, dan gian danh nhtrng Idi ngan ggn de
gidi Ihieu ve nhan vat chinh cua truyen ve
than the, gia canh, tinh net sau dd la mdt
chudi nhtrng hanh ddng
ciia
nhan vat, tieu
bieu ed truyen Ndng Xudn Hicang
ciia
ngudi
Viet va Choon
Hyang
- Hicang
miia
xudn
cua ngudi Han.
Trong truyen cd tich hai nudc chiing ta
thay yeu td than ky gdp phan tao ndn gia
Irj
ciia
truyen, tao cho tae pham mdt ve dep
lung linh, huyen ao, vira hu vira thyc. Ldi
giai quyet the hien thai do, quan diem
ciia
dan gian qua viee sir dyng yeu td than ky
nhu truyen Ai mua hdnh toi hay

nguoi
Viet va truyen co tich nguoi Han
2.L
Sir
khdc biet ve
npi
dung
+
Sic
khdc biit vi tin ngudng, phong tue,
li hpi
Ca ngudi Viet va ngudi Han deu tdn tai
tin ngudng thd dgng vat nhung ngudi Viet
thd thudng ludng
{Sic
tich dam
Mice)
cdn
ngudi Han cd tyc thd huau va gac huau bdi
nd la bidu tugng
ciia
su sinh sdi hay sy hdi
sinh {Chang don cui vd nang tien, Ngudi
duac "khai vi bua dn
").
Truyen cd tich cua
62
NGHIEN
ecru
OONG BflC fl, SO 6(100) 6-2009

tin ngudng nay.
Qua cac truyen cd tich
eiia
ngirdi Viet,
chiing ta
thiy
sy anh hirdng
ciia
tam giao
Nho,
Phat, Dao duge thd bien ro net trong dd
ndi bat ban la Phat giao, cdn d
truyen
cd tich
Han Qudc, Nho giao dugc the hidn dam net
ban,
tit
nhien la chi trong pham vi de tai ma
chiing tdi khao sat.
Ngudi Viet cd phong tue
an
trau the hien
tinh nghTa
thlm
thidt gitra ngirdi vdi ngudi,
la bidu tugng
ciia
tinh ydu, sy gan bd va boa
hgp ma ngudi Han khdng cd phong tyc nay.
Triu

an llok-kuk
cd
nghTa
"an"
mdl
nam
khae, phong tue nay
dugc ndi tdi trong truyen cd tich Tiing keu
cua chim gdy.
Ngoai ra,
van
hda ngudi Viet cdn cd sy
khae biet vdi van hda ngudi Han thdng qua
mdt sd phong tue khae. Ngudi Viet cd phong
tyc
diic
kim nguu (trau bang vang hay la
bing
kim khi) dd ydm cac mii sdng va phong
luc nay cd tir thdi Bac thudc, da dugc phan
anh qua truyen Khong Lo
diie
chuong hay
Id
su tich trdu vdng Ho Tdy. Ddi vdi ngudi
Han. qua mdt sd tai lieu vd van hda, dat
nudc,
con ngudi Han Qudc Cac tac gia cd
ndi vd phong tue due chudng ddng cd tir thdi
Tam qudc nhirng cac iruyen cd lich ma

NQHI£N
cdru
OONG
B^C
A. S6
6(ioo)
6-2009
63
Nghien ciiu khoa hqc
+ Su khdc biit ve quan hi gia
dinh
vd xd
hpi
Qua nhiing truyen cd tich, mdi quan he
gan
bd tran day tinh ydu thuang gitra me
chdng va nang dau dugc ngudi Han phan
anh rd net, sinh ddng qua eac truyen
Liia ciia
trdi, Chdo giun ddt. Nhung trong 201 truyen
ed tich cua ngudi Viet duge gidi thieu d Kho
tdng truyin co tich Viet Nam thi chi cd
truyen Quan Am Thi Kinh ndi vd sy bat hda
giiia me chdng va nang dau edn quan he tdt
dep,
hai chieu thi khdng duge nhan manh,
khdng dugc phan anh rd nhu cac Iruyen ed
tich
ciia
ngudi Han.

nghia tinh va cam dgng sau
sac
dugc ndi tdi
trong truyen Shim Ch 'ong ngicdi con gdi
hiiu thdo, Cd chip
miia
dong.
Truyen cd tich cua ngudi Viet ciing lay
dao
dire
va tinh cam lam chinh yeu nhung
qua nhtrng mdi quan he Irong gia dinh nhat
la quan he cha me va con cai thi yeu
Id
dao
dire va nhtrng quan niem Nho giao ehi phdi
den quan he do d trong gia dinh
ciia
ngudi
Viet khdng sau dam nhu ddi vdi cac gia dinh
ngudi Han.
Qua truyen cd tich, chiing ta thay quan he
giira anh va em trong gia dinh ngudi Viet
dien ra gay gat va khae nghiet ban quan he
anh em trong gia dinh ngudi Han. Ngudi
Viei
cd quan nidm: cai thien va cai ac khd cd
the dung hda, nd ludn tdn tai va ddi lap vdi
nhau nhung cai ae se bj tieu diet. Truyen
Cdy khi cua ngudi Viet nhan manh den vide

nhan vat,
than phan, dja vj cua nhan vat, hanh ddng va
tinh each nhan vat, tieu bidu cd truyen Su
tich chim da da, Ndng
Xudn
Hicang, A Chicc
chdng Nguu (ngudi Viet) va
Chitn
Pul-kuc,
Choon Hyang - Hicang
miia
xudn, Kyon-u
64
NGHIEN
ecru
OONG BflC fl. SO 6(100) 6-2009
Nghien citu khoa hqc
ngudi chdn gia
siic
vd Chik-nyo ngicdi tha
dit (ngudi Han).
Mdt sd truyen
ciia
ngudi Viet, thdi gian
dugc mieu ta dai ban vdi nhidu su vide, dien
bien va nhan vat cung boat ddng trong mdt
khdng gian rdng ban so vdi khdng gian va
thdi gian Irong cac truyen cua ngudi Han.
Truyen Thgeh Sanh, Tdm Cam la hai truyen
tieu bieu cua ngudi Viet ed khdng gian rdng,

xuang edng chdn, Co gdi cdo, Mat trdng vd .
mat trdi cua ngudi Han cd nhtrng chi tiet
khae
ban vdi tri tudng tugng eua ngudi Viet.
Kdt
Ihiic
truyen, ngirdi Viet thudng nhan
manh: cai thien dugc hudng mgi dieu tdt dep
cdn cai ac se bj trirng trj thich dang hay cai
ac dil dugc tha thir thi nd cung khdng the tdn
tai dugc trong cude sdng, nd phai chap nhan
kdt
cue
bi
Iham
luang img vdi nhtrng viec
lam, hanh ddng gay ra. Truyen cd tich
ciia
ngudi Han lai ed mdt hudng ket thuc bang
sy khoan nhugng, sy ldn tai va chung sdng
ciia
hai tuyen nhan vat ddi lap. Nhirng nhan
vat tham lam, gian ac cudi ciing nhan ra Idi
lam, biet hdi ban va cd dieu kien sua chira
Idi lam cua minh trd thanh mdt thanh vidn
ciia
cdng ddng, sdng tdt ban va dugc mgi
ngudi yeu men, gan bd, chia se
+ Cdc motif
chii

la
ly do thir nhat lao nen
nhtrng diem tuong ddng ve ndi dung va nghe
thuat cua van hgc dan gian ndi chung, truyen
cd tich ndi rieng.
Ngudi Viet va ngudi Han mang tinh
each,
pham chat chung
ciia
ngudi phuang Ddng,
sdng coi trgng tinh nghTa, xa hdi cung dugc
xem nhu mdt gia dinh md rdng, vdi mdt che
do phong kien d phuang Ddng tdn tai hang
nghin
nam
trong ljch
sii.
Do dd, Viet Nam
va Han Qudc cd nhung hoan canh xa hdi
nhu nhau, ciing tdn tai che do xa bdi phong
kien, con ngudi ca nhan trd nen nhd be trude
gia dinh, ddng hg, lang xa, qudc gia. Dd cd
NGHIEN
ecru
06NG
BflC fl,
so
6(100) 6-2009
65
Nghien

den quan Khang Linh, trd thanh ngudi dat
nen mdng cho mdi giao luu
van
hda Viet
Nam - Han Qude. Sy giao luu trong qua khir
gitra hai dan tdc
chae
cung it nhieu dem lai
sy tuong ddng
dii
chua cd dieu kien kidm
ehirng mdt each chae chan. Ngoai ra, cdn cd
sy tuong ddng ngau nhidn ma khdng phai do
giao luu hay do ciing anh hudng cua ngudn
van
hda chung.
Tim hidu sy tuang ddng cua truyen cd
tich Viet - Han ciing la tim hieu ve van hda
ciia
nudc ban (Han Qudc) dd tir do thay dugc
sy giao thoa gitia hai nen van hda. Sy giao
thoa nay lam eho con ngudi hai nude gan
nhau ban, hieu nhau hon. Day la nen tang,
ca sd cho mdi quan he cua hai nudc phat
trien ban ntra theo hudng tich eye. Ngay
nay, nhu cau giao luu, tiep xue gitia nhan
dan hai nudc tren nhieu ITnh vue cang ngay
cang tang do dd rat can ed sy trao ddi ca con
ngudi Ian tri tud. Va Viet Nam mudn ed sy
hgp tac ben vtrng vdi Han Qudc thi sy hidu

nhtrng bien ddng cd sy khae nhau, tren con
dudng di chuyen qua khdng gian va thdi
gian, nhiing truyen cd tich da thu hut them
nhtrng sy kien mdi de bd sung vao lam cho
ehiing ngay cang hoan chinh, phong phu va
da dang. Trong qua trinh luu truyen, hien
thyc xa hdi phong kien da tac ddng khdng il
den ndi dung cdt truydn, lam cho truyen cd
tich cua ngudi Viet va ngudi Han cd sy thay
ddi,
khae nhau ve cdt truydn, them hoae bdt
mdt sd
motif.
Ngoai ra, nhtrng khae biet ve
van
hda vat chat va tinh than eung gdp phan
tao nen sy khae biet ve nhtrng motif thudc ve
bieu tugng van hda.
Ngoai ra,
van
hda Viet Nam ed truyen ca
ban thudc pham
trii van
hda Ddng Nam A.
van
hda truyen thdng Han Qudc thudc pham
tni van hda Ddng Bae A.
Nhting
khae
biet nay tao nen ban

van
hda khae.
Ket luan
Tuy
vide
nghien ciru so sanh iruyen cd
tich Viet - Han mdi d mire do ban dau
nhung cd the tam ket mdt sd van de so bd
nhu sau:
1.
Ve phuang dien ndi dung, Iruyen cd
tich
ciia
ngudi Viet va ngudi Han deu luu
gitr nhtrng net dep vd
van
hda, phan anh rd
nhtrng tin ngudng, phong tyc, nhtrng Id hdi
va ddi sdng vat chat
eiia
dan gian hai nudc.
Truyen cd tich bai nude mang tinh giao
dye
cao va dugc the bien mdt each rd net, sinh
ddng. Khi giai thich thien nhien, tac gia dan
gian bao gid cung Idng vao trong dd ndi
dung xa bdi - nhan sinh. Cac quan he trong
gia dinh, xa hdi eung dugc phan anh rat sinh
dgng, rd net nhu mdt ndi dung ca ban cua
thd loai cd tich. Quan be ay that da dang va

bang chudi hanh ddng
ciia
cac nhan vat va
Ihudng cd md dau. dien bien. ket thiic. Thdi
gian va khdng gian it lien quan den tinh each
nhan vat. Yeu td than ky trong truyen cd tich
ddng vai trd mdt
thii
phap quan trgng bd trg
nhan vat chinh va thuc day cho cdt Iruyen
phat trien. Nhieu motif ciing xuat hien trong
truyen cd tich hai nudc, la san pham ciia tri
tudng tugng,
ciia
sy quan sat cugc sdng xa
hdi,
lam ndi bat dac trung
ciia
the loai truyen
cd lich ndi rieng, truyen cd dan gian ndi
chung.
3.
Mac dil truyen cd lich Viet Nam, Han
Qudc cd nhieu net tuang ddng ve ndi dung
song van cd nhung khae biel. Sy khae biet
dd dugc the hien qua nhirng tin ngudng,
phong
tue.
Id hdi mang ban
sac

67
Nghien
ciiu
khoa hqc
truyen va cac
motif.
Euan hdi va sd menh
ciing vdi yen td than ky thudng dugc sir
dung, la nhtrng phuang tien nghe thuat hiru
hieu de ngudi Viet md rdng khdng gian va
thdi gian truydn ke, hd trg nhan vat va giup
eho edt truydn phat trien den ket thue cd hau.
Trong ket thiic ay, ngudi Viet thudng cd sy
thudng phat rach rdi, khdng cd sy khoan
nhugng va chung sdng hda thuan eua hai
tuyen nhan vat ddi lap nhu trong truyen eua
ngudi Han.
5.
Viet Nam va Han Qudc cd nhieu thuan
Igi de thiet lap, phat tridn mdi quan he, sy
giao luu hgc hdi lan nhau bdi cd nhtrng
tuang ddng trong
van
boa
eiia
hai nude. Sy
tuang ddng ay cd edi ngudn sau xa duge
hinh thanh sudt hang ngan
nam
va ed sy ben

budc
diu
tae gia cung da chi ra nhiing tuong
ddng va
khae
bidt ehu yeu
ciia
kho tang
truyen cd tich ngudi Viet va ngudi Han.
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO
1.
Nguyen Long Chau (2000), Tim hieu vdn
hod Hdn Qudc, Nxb Giao
due.
Ha Ngi.
2.
Nguyen Ddng Chi (2000), Kho tdng
truyen
cd tich
Viet
Nam,
I, Nxb Giao due, Ha Ngi.
3.
Nguyen Ddng Chi (2000), Kho tdng
truyen
cd tich
Viet
Nam,
II,
Nxb Giao

(1998),
Truyen
ed Hdn Qudc, Nxb Van hoa Dan
toe.
Ha Ngi.
9. Dang Van Lung (2002), Tiep can vdn hod
Hdn
Qudc,
Nxb Van boa -Thdng
tin.
Ha Ngi.
10.
Nhidu tae gia
(1999),
Hdn Qudc xin chdo
bcin
(HELLO from KOREA), Cue Thdng tin Han
Qudc xuat ban, Seoul.
11.
Le Hdng Phong
(2001),
Vdn
hge ddn gian
Viet
Nam (Bdi gidng tdm tdt), (luu banh ngi bo),
Trudng Dai bgc Da
Lai.
12.
Co quan Thdng tin Hai ngoai Han Quoc
(2003),