VAI TRO
CIJA
OLIVER CROMWELL
TRONG GIAI
DOAM
CAM
QIJVl^M (1649
-
1658)
DOI
Vdl
Slf PHAT
TRI^I^
CIJA
l^GOAI
TllUOMG AI\H
Triin Nggc
Dung
Khoa
Llch sir
-
Dgi
hpc
Sir phgm
Ha
Npi
"Ngogi thuang la su gidu c6 cita quoc
vuang, la danh du cua
vuang
qudc,
Id

quan trpng trong tien trinh Ijch su chu nghTa
tu ban Anh. Do do, mpi vdn dd tu kinh td cho
den ehinh trj, vdn hda, xa hpi deu thdm dam
mdu sac "trgng thucmg". Trong hodn cdnh
dd, mdt ydu cdu cdp thidt ddi vdi nhd nude
chinh Id vide bdo dam mpi dilu kidn dl phdt
tridn ngogi thuong. Che dp phong kiln Anh
dudi thdi Charles I mdc du da ed nhdng hipn
phdp kich thich su phdt trien cda ngoai
thuong, lam gid tri ngoai thuong tang 10 ldn
trong giai dogn 1610 - 1640 , nhung so vdi
trilu dai cua Nd hodng Elizabeth thi van
chua ed dugc sy tuang xdng vd chua dem
den sy hdi
Idng
cho lang ldp thuang nhdn.
Chinh vi
thi,
cuOc
cdch mgng tu sdn Anh dd
lal dd chl dd phong kien, dua den sy thidt
lap nha nudc tu sdn ma ngudi dgi dipn tieu
bilu
la
Oliver
Cromwell^.
Vdi vai trd cua
mpt Bdo hp cdng (Lord Protector), dng
khdng chi cd nhiing chinh
sdeh

Cromv/ell
(1599 1658), sinh ra
d
Huntingdon trong
m^t
gia dinh quy
t^c
nho, la
m^ttK
d6
Thanh gido, ngudi
da
tham gia
vao pfae
Nghj
viSii
trong cupc
N^i
chiln Anh (1642 - 1649),
vi la ngirM
thli ba kl vdo Ifnh tu hinh vua Charles I. Trong
n^i
chiln, 6ng
da
xdy
d^g
m$t d6i quSn thi^n chi^n
la
"dgi
qudn sudn

Vai trd trong
vi^c
thilt
l^p
chinh
quyln va
lure
lugng hdi qudn
vQ-ng
manh
bao dam cho sy phdt trien ciia ngoai
thirong
Oliver Cromwell ldn cam quyln vdi sy
tin tudng vd
iing
hp
ciia
bd phdn thuang
nhdn nen muc lidu trudc mdt md dng thyc
hien chinh la ciing c6 quyln lyc cda minh vd
nhung luc lupng
iing
hd,
d6ng thdi dua ra
nh&ng bidn phap 1dm gidu hon nda cho hp.
Tridu dgi cua Charles
1
syp do do khdng
ddm bdo dugc quyln Igi ciia dai da s6
qu^

vai trd quan trpng
yong
Nghi vien Rump"*. Vdi vai trd
Id
mdt trong
nhung thdnh phan
chii
ch6t nhdt cda Nghi
vien, lai
Id
ngudi ndm quyen ldnh dgo lyc
lugng qudn dpi, Cromwell cd dieu kien thugn
lgi dk tidn hdnh cdi cdch, dem den quyen lyc
* Thang 12/1648, mpt nhdm linh co vu trang
dufn sy
chi huy cua
69114
Thomas
Pride dS
tien hanh khai trit
bp phan nghi vien muon
thucmg
lugng voi Charles I
trang
qua
U-lnh
nOi
chien (hay c6n gpi
\h Sir
thanh lpc

vide
thill ldp mpt bdn Hiln
phdp mdi
da
gdy ra mau thuin
gida
dng vdi
Nghj vipn. Cromwell
muln
thilt lap mpt chl
dp mdi md trong dd qudn ddi cd quyln lyc
ldn vdi nhdng nguydn tdc nhdt djnh, ngugc
Igi,
Nghj
vi^n mu6n
xdy dung Hiln phdp trdn
linh
th^n
ly do vd ddn
ehii.
DI
ddm bdo han
niia quyln
lyc ciia
mlnb, ndm 1653, dng dd
dpp bd Nghj
vi§n
Rump, lap ra Nghi vidn
Barebone^
bao gom nhihig

ndm lay quyln lyc. Trong phien hpp ddu lidn
eiia
Nghj vien mdi dd cd mpt sd it dai bieu
Idn dn ban Phdp ldnh ndy vd tim cdch ludc bd
quyen
luc
trong qudn dpi cua Cromwell
nhung
hk
tbdnh^
chirng td sy thdu tdm
quyln hdnh
ciia
dng
Id
rdt ldn. Den ndm
*
Nghj
vifn nay
chi tfin
t^i
trong mpt
thW
gian
ngSn
(1653 - 1655),
m$c
dii bao gfim hau het
nhOng
ph^

58
NGHIEN
COU CH&U AU
- EUROPEAN STUDIES REVIEW
N°10 {1331.2011
1655,
Nghj vien ndy dd bj gidi tdn bdi chinh
ngudi
lap
ra nd. Hdnh
d^ng
ndy dli vdi
nhilu hpe gid nhu David Hume, Christopher
Hill Id
dpc tdi, mdt ddn
chu'.
Nhung xdt theo
myc tidu xdy dyng mpt cudng
qu6c vQng
manh, dd
Id
mpt chinh
sdeh
phu hgp vdi
hodn cdnh nudc
Anli,
tgo dilu kipn
thu|ln
lgi
dl cung

mdt nguydn
nhdn quan trpng li gidi vipc Anh gidnh thdng
lgi trudc Hd Lan trong cupc cgnh tranh dja vi
bd chu mat bidn sau nay. Didu dd cung khdc
vdi nudc Phdp, khi md hp ludn coi trgng tinh
chdt quy tpc, du duge cho phep ciing khdng
tham gia vao cac tdu budn hay cdng vipc
budn ban. Chinh quyen mdi cua Anh di theo
mOt
quan dilm
r4t
rd rdng rdng dia vj
quy tdc
quan trpng nhung sdc mgnh nhd nudc dupc
ddnh gid bdng
d6ng
tiln nen vipc hudng
din
phdt triln ngogi thuang Id
mdt
dilu rdt cdn
thilt"
Trong hodn cdnh
h^u
hit
cde qudc gia
Tdy Au
diu
nh^
thdy rd vai trd

dd, cudc chay dua trong xay dyng lye lugng
hdi qudn giii'a cdc qudc gia ciing chinh
Id mdt
bieu hipn cua cupc chgy dua gianh thj trudng
budn
bdn.
Len cam quyen nhd qudn
dpi,
thau
hieu dugc nhu
ciiu
cua giai cdp tu san,
Cromwell dd tim mpi each de cdi cdch quan
d0i,
trong dd cd sy luu y ddc biet ddn hdi
quan. Neu nhu trong thdi ki npi chidn, dng
chu tam vao xay dyng lyc lugng kj binh
nhdm tao uu
thi
vdi phe ddi ldp thi sau khi
nam dugc quyln lyc, chi cd hdi quan mdi
^
'"
Arthur M.Schlesinger, Jr, 2004, The Almanac of
American
history.
Nien gidm lich su Hoa Ky, Khoa
hpc
xa
h^i,

biin lyc
lugng ndy thyc sy trd thdnh
chuyen nghidp, ndng cdt chd khdng chi
Id
mdt bp phdn nhd trong quan dpi nhu thdi
phong
kidn'^.
Nhirng cudc cdi each hdi qudn
bao gdm nhidu mat nhu ehd dp di linh, che
tao Sling dgi bac, chd tao tdu chidn, Ddc
bidt, he thdng dai bac hidn dgi cua hdi qudn
Anh dd Idm cho Hd Lan vd Tdy Ban Nha
khiep sg. Day ciing la mdt trong nhung
nguydn nhdn chinh dan ddn thdng lgi eua
Anh trudc Hd Lan trong cudc Chidn tranh
IdnthdNhdt
(1652-1654).
Cd
thi
ndi, sau ndi chidn,
vide
cung cd
sue mgnh hdi quan da trd thdnh trpng lam
trong chinh
sdeh
cua Cromwell. Cdc xudng
ddng tdu mdi dugc lap ra d Portsmouth,
Chatham, Deptford,
Woolwich'^.
Trong giai

trong 6 cudng qudc tgo ra sy
can bdng sue manh trdn bidn: Hd Lan, Tdy
Ban Nha, Bd Ddo Nha, Thyy Dien, Phdp vd
Anh
.
Ndu nhu nam 1630, tdng trpng tdi cua
hdi quan Anh
Id 31.000
tdn, Tdy Ban Nha la
40-60.000 tdn, Ha Lan
Id
40.000 tan thi ddn
ndm 1650 dd cd sy chuydn bidn tich
eye
khi
ti
Id
giiia 3 nudc ldn lugt Id 49.000 tdn, 25-
35.000 tdn va 29.000
tdn'^
Trong giai doan
1651
- 1660, hdi qudn Anh dd tang thdm 200
tdu dd cdng cd them lyc lugng". Didu dd
cho thdy sy phdt trien mgnh md cda hdi qudn
Anh so vdi cdc qudc gia cgnh tranh tryc tiep.
2.
Vai tro md rong thi
trirdng thvoug
mai gan vdi viec tang

the
sea,
the history
and
strategy
of
maritime
empires,
Robert hale and
company, London, tr. 179.
''G.Reynolds,
sdd,
tr. 174.
'*
David Jaeobstein, Joost Sneller, , 2004, The
Dutch republic: social, political and economic
dynamics
of World trade
primacy,
tr.63.
"
Tien Thira Ddn, (DSng Thanh
Tjnh
d), 2005,
Thong
sunu^cAnh,
Lao dfing
xS
h^i.
Ha

mdi cd sy thing nhdt chinh phd
vdi
Anh ndm
1603
vdi sy kidn James VI cda Scotland kl
vi ngai vdng
ciia
Nu hodng Anh Elizabeth I
vd trd thdnh James I cua Anh. Tuy nhidn,
mdu thuan giiia nhdn ddn Scotland vd xd
Wales vdi chinh quyln dd
1dm
cho nudc Anh
mat dn dinh, khdng tgo dugc didu kidn tdt
nhdt cho kinh td phat tridn. Do dd, qud trinh
Cromwell chinh phuc cac qudc gia
Idng
gidng dd thidt lap mpt vuong qudc hung
mgnh nam 1653
Id
cdng lao to ldn cda dng
de
eung cd va nang cao sue mgnh ciing nhu
dja vj cua Anh d chau Au luc do.
Ireland
Id quIc
gia ddu tidn bj Cromwell
chinh phuc. Ngdy
15/5/1649,
12.000 qudn

1652
thi
thdt
bgi khi thdnh
liiy
cu6i cdng la Galway
cling bj sup dl trudc quan dpi Anh. Ddy
la
sy kipn quan trpng, thuc ddy qud Irinh sdp
nh§p
cdc lanh th6 khdc vdo Anh dd tgo ra
m$t
vuong qudc, mpt thj tnrdng rpng ldn
hon vd Id ca sd quan trpng cho sy phdt triln
cua kinh te. Ben canh dd, ciing can thdy rdng
Ireland thyc chat dd bj bien thdnh mpt thupc
dja quan trpng,
lien
kd nudc Anh vd
Id
mpt
ylu tl quan trpng dan den sy thdnh Igp
ciia
de qudc Anh sau ndy.
Cdng cupc chinh phuc Scotland eung
Id
mdt ddng gdp to ldn cua Cromwell ddi vdi
vide
md
r^ng

biet, trong
tr^
Worcester
(8/1651), Cromwell da huy ddng ddn 30.000
qudn bao vay va ddp tan luc lugng quan
ddi
NhQng thdnh pho
trfi
phd
n9m
it
phia
Ddng, Ddng
Nam Ireland.
" The
year
1649 was
a
climacteric
watershed,
p.
3in
www.olivercromweil.org/resources/cromwell_uiJreIa
nd.pdf
'^
^°
William Russell, 1822,
History
of
modern

xam
lugc thupc dia, phye vu myc tidu phdt triln
ngogi thuong cda Oliver Cromwell. He qud
cy the cua eudc chidn ndy Id sy hgp nhat ba
qudc gia thdnh mdt the thdng nhdt vdi sy cai
tri
ciia
Bdo ho cdng Oliver Cromwell. Xet
tren khia cgnh md rpng ldnh thd, nhdng vimg
ddt mdu md cua Scotland va Ireland ehinh
Id
nhung ngudn cung cdp quan trpng vd Iuong
thyc,
nguydn lieu cho sy phdt trien edng
thuong nghipp Anh. Su thdng nhdt chung
mdt chinh phu ciing dua Scotland va Ireland
budc vdo gudng quay cua ndn thuang mgi
ihl
gidi, phdl huy dugc tdi da nhimg didu
kidn thudn lgi vd tdi nguydn vd edng bidn d
hai qudc gia ndy. Cac cdng nhu Peterhead,
Aberdeen, Dundee (Scotland), Dublin
(Ireland) vd ddc bidt la he thdng
hem
790 hdn
ddo khdc nhau cda Scotland chinh
Id
co sd
cho
vide

1655,
Anh da thidt lap mpt lien minh vdi
Phdp - didu ma chua bao gid dgt duge trong
thdi ki trudc dd. Tdu chidn Anh da tham gia
cimg quan ddi Phdp, do Marshal Turenne chi
huy, tidn vdo Dunkirk thudc vimg ddt thdp
cua Tay Ban
Nha^^.
Dunkirk da dugc
nhugng Iai cho Anh vd trd thdnh thudc dja
quan trpng trong luc dja chdu Au cua Anh.
Vdi vj tri ddc dja nay, Anh cd khd ndng kidm
sodt tdt con dudng thuong mai ven bd Dgi
Tdy Duong cung nhu ngdn chgn sy phdt tridn
vd ngogi thuong
ciia
cde qudc gia lye dja
chdu Au nhu Ha Lan, Phdp, Tdy Ban Nha.
Vide chidm dogt thudc dja ndy cho thdy tham
vpng cua Cromwell la khdng chi phdt huy
sdc mgnh d dgi duong md cdn mudn kilm
chl sy phdt trien thuang mgi cua cde eudng
qudc khac.
^^
Dunkirk hay Dunkerk
la
m^t
ving
dat nho
nam d

bis
Dai Tdy
Duong
Clia cae
qu6e gia
l^c
dia chau Au.
"
G.Reynolds,
sdd,
tr. 183.
62
NGHIEN
CGU
CHAU AU - EUROPEAN STUDIES REVIEW
N°10 (133).2011
Bdn cgnh dd, Anh cdn md rdng dnh
hudng ra nhilu khu vyc khdc nhau tren the
gidi.
Thudc dja quan trpng md chung ta cdn
nhac
din
chinh Id An
D0.
Vipc thdnh
\^p
Cdng ty thuang mgi Ddng An London (Cdng
ly Ddng An Anh) ngdy
31/12/1600
dd lao ra

vdn dl An Dp do do ciing trd thdnh mpt npi
dung quan trpng trong Hiep udc Westminster
1654 sau cudc Chidn tranh Anh-Ha Lan
ldn
thd Nhdt (1652-1654), budc Cdng ty Ddng
An Ha Lan bdi thudng cho Cdng ty Ddng An
Anh 85.000 bdng vd vu tham sdt Amboyna
ndm
1623^^
Tuy nhidn, trong thdi gian nay,
Anh mdi cung co hon nda nhQng gi dd
dgt
dugc d giai dogn trudc, van chua hodn loan
ndm quyln
"c/i«
dgng" trong vipc xam
ehilm
ddt dai vd gidnh uu
thi
kinh doanh d An
Dp
so vdi cdc
quIc
gia khdc nhu Bo Ddo
Nha va
HdLan.
Ngodi ra, Cromwell cdn chu truong gay
chien tranh vdi Tay Ban Nha
de
ehilm

Nguyen
Thira
Hy,
1986, An Dg qua cdc thdi dgi,
van
hfia,
Hd
Npi,
tr.84.
"
Trdn Thj Thanh VSn, 2010, Chinh sach thyc
ddn
cua Anh a An Dg tie the ki
XVII
din giua the ki XX,
Lu§n &n ti^n
sT, Khoa
Ljch
sur, DHSP
Hk
Npi, tr. 41.
"
Mpt dao nhfi it
BSc Dgii
TSy Duong, ban
dSu 14
thuOe
dja cua Bl
Dio
Nha,

Ban Nha d
chSu
MJ.
"
F.A.Kirkpatrick,
1906,
Lectures on British
colonization and empire, first series
(1600
-
1783),
London, p.49; William Russell, sdd,
p.223.
(Ved
tro eua
OUottr
^rotnwell
63
Anh. Hdnh dpng cudp bdc dugc chinh phd
eho phep nhung khdng khuyin khieh nhdm
hiln nhung ten cudp
biin
thdnh mgt lyc
lugng chdng phd ngoai thuong Tdy Ban Nha.
Nhiing thuong nhdn Anh tgi Jamaica thu lgi
mdt phdn
Id
vide budn lau vdi cdc thupc dja
Tdy Ban Nha gdn kd, mpt phdn Id td nhimg
hang hda cudp bdc dugc . Ngodi vide tranh

nd ra, nhiing mau thuan giua Lidn hidp cdc
thudc dja New England vd thudc dia New
Netheriand da trd ndn cang thdng. Tuy
nhien.
Anh khdng tryc tidp nhdng tay vdo nhdng
hdnh ddng gdy hdn vdi Hd Lan lgi khu vyc
ndy md thudng sd dyng qudn dpi bdn dia.
Ndm 1653, qudn dpi thupc dja Connecticut
dd tan cdng vd chiem giu doanh trgi cua qudn
Hd Lan tgi phdo dai Good Hope, Hartford
(Connecticut). Qudn dpi chinh qudc Iudn
dugc dgt trong linh trgng sEn sdng, nhung
chua mdl Idn tham chien de md rpng thudc
dja. Nhu vgy, trong giai dogn
ciia
Cromwell,
nhung thupc dja d Bac My tuang ddi dn
djnh, hdu nhu khdng cd sy thay ddi Idn bdi
dng dang chu trpng vdo
vide
gid gin dnh
hudng cua chinh qudc.
Ngodi ra, Anh cdn dd y ddn vimg dat
Canada rpng ldn phia tren nhdng thudc dia
Anh d Bdc My. Day la vimg ddt md ngudi
Phdp da ddt dugc nhung co sd ban dau cho
sy thdng trj cua hp. Nam
1654,
Cromwell cd
mdt dodn thdm hiem den khu vyc nay vd

Arthur M.Schlesinger, Jr, sdd, tr. 94.
^^
F.A.Kirkpatrick,
sdd, tr.56. Day
Id
thinh phfi thu do
cua Acadia
(thu^c
dia Phip lap ra
a
Canada bao gom
cic
tinh
dong
bic
Bdc My
nhti
Dong
Quebec,
cic tinh
ven
bi^n,
nay li New England vi
k6o
dii
xudng
Philadelphia).
Hi§n
nay Port Royal la
mOt

CCU
CHAU
AU
- EUROPEAN STUDIES REVIEW
N°10
(133).2011
cua ndn ngogi thuang. Cd the ndi, ehi Irong
mpt thdi gian ngdn cdm quyen, dng da Iidn
tiep thdnh cdng trong
vi^c
md
r^ng
xdm
lugc
thupc dja d hdu khdp cde khu vyc tren
thi
gidi,
tgo dd eho cdng
cu$c
chinh phyc nhflng
viing ddt mdi vd bdnh trudng
thi
lyc sau ndy.
Nhflng thupc dja dd dd trd thdnh nhflng thj
trudng quan trpng trong todn bp
h? Ih6ng
thuang mgi khdp kin cua Anh.
3.
Vai trd
ciia

nhung
vung rdng ldn trong ndn
thuang mgi tnmg chuydn chau Au, vd cd sy
vgn ehuydn td vung ddt mdi sang Tdy Ban
Nha vdi gid tri thuang mgi hdng ndm
Id
36
tridu Francs. Nhihig qu6c gia phia Bdc nhu
Brandenburg, Dan Mgch, Thyy Diln,
Muscovy (Cdng quoc
Matxcova)
hay Ba Lan
vd khu vyc Baltic ddu md cda cho Hd Lan va
trd thdnh thj trudng
ciia
hp^^.
Nhdng thuong
nhdn Hd Lan
ehilm
tdi 50% gid tri thuang
mgi
ciia
Anh vd hogt dpng d khdp cdc hai
cdng cua Anh trong nhflng ndm ddu the ki
XVII^'.
Ngudi Anh ddng trude sy cgnh tranh
dd da phdi cdng nhdn rdng "kinh te cua
Hd
Lan dd lam tSn thuang
l&n

hda duge chuyen chd trdn tdu cda Anh hay
dugc sdn xudt ra d cae thudc dja cua Anh .
Dd thyc sy
Id
mpt ddn gidng mgnh vdo cdng
vipc vd
Iham
vpng cda Ha Lan - mdt cudng
quoc thuang nghipp ludn chu trpng phat trien
vipc chuyen chd hdng hda gida cdc qudc gia.
Cromwell muon thdng qua dao ludt ndy
"
Alfred Thayer Mahan, 1889, The
influence
(^
seapower upon
history,
1660-
1783,p. 84.
"
Clement Jones,
1922,
British
merchant
shipping,
Edward Arnold and company,
London,
p.l3.
"
Alfred Thayer Mahan, sdd. tr. 64.

nhidn.
Ha Lan budc
vdo cudc chien ndy vdi nhilu bdt lgi, cdn
Anh Iai hodn loan chu ddng. Lien hidp cdc
tinh cd sy rgn vd khi md
5
bang trong Bd Hai
quan, dgc bidt khi Hd Lan vd
Zeeland
ydu
cdu dua William III cdn rdt
Ire
ldn Idm Tdng
Chi huy chung'". Hd Lan da sai Idm trong
qud trinh chidn tranh khi giii Igi
Id 100
ddn
400 tdu chidn d khu vyc Baltic, Dja Trung
Hai vd phuong Ddng de bdo vd
vide
budn
ban, mdc
dii
hai quan Anh da uy hidp nghidm
trpng Idnh thd d chdu Au. Ngugc lai,
Cromwell, Nghi vidn, Chinh
phii
Anh ed sy
thdng nhdt trong muc tidu chidn tranh vd den
nam 1653

Hd Lan khdp thd gidi.
Vl
phuang thdc tdc
chien, Anh thyc hidn mdt logt nhdng cudc
hdnh qudn bao gom cdc hogt ddng nhu
phong
Ida,
tdn phd, vd bdn phd nhiing dudng
bd
biin
ciia Hd Lan. Toan bp hgm dpi phdi
ddt dudi sy chi huy cua nhung dd ddc
vT
dgi
nhat llie dd . Vdi vide vach ro chidn
lugc
vd
phuang phdp tde chien, cung nhu su dyng
ddng dan nhan tdi, hdi quan Anh tdng cdng
da giao chien vdi Hd Lan 8 trdn: Goodwin
Sands, Plymouth, Kentish Knock, Dungenes,
Portland, Leghorn, Gabbard Bank,
Scheveningen. Cdc
Iran
tidu bien
Id:
Kentish
Knock (phia bdc eo Dover) ngdy 28/09/1652,
khi 72 tdu chiln Hd Lan do dd ddc Witt de
With vd Michiel Adriaenszoon de Ruyler

n^ng
kh6ng
ch^
dupc
mpi hoat
d$ng
cua ham dpi dfii thu
a
phia ben kia eo
bien ndy.
^^
James J.Tritten, 1995, A doctrine reader: the navies
of United Slates, Great Britain, France, Italy, and
Spain, Newport, Rhode island, p.3.
""
G.Reynolds,
sdd,
tr.
181.
66
NGHIEN
CCfU
CHAU
AU
- EUROPEAN STUDIES REVIEW
N°10 n33).2011
Bank (23/06/1653), 100 tdu chiln cua Anh
da Idm choang vdng todn bd hgm
d^i
Hd

ciia
cupc chidn tranh thuong mai
Id sy thdng thd
eiia
Anh trdn nhieu phuong
didn, dua ddn su thilt
lap
vd bdnh trudng
ihudc
dja, thi Irudng thuang mai d nhieu khu
vyc vdn
Id cua Hd Lan.
Vdi chidn thdng trude ke cgnh tranh
nguy hiem va tryc tiep nhdt
Iiic
bay gid la Hd
Lan, vj thd cua Anh dugc ndng Idn dang kd,
khdng chi trdn
ITnh
vyc chinh trj, qudn su ma
keo
Iheo
dd
Id
van de thudc dja, thuong mgi.
Thdt bai dd bupc Hd Lan phdi ki Hidp udc
hda binh Westminster ndm 1654. Theo Hiep
udc ndy, Hd Lan phdi chap nhdn Dgo
Iudi
Hang hdi

thi
ndi,
cu0c
Chiln tranh
Ihuong
mgi vdi Ha Lan
ldn
thu Nhdt
Id
thdnh
cdng Idn cua Cromwell trong chinh sdeh
irgng
thuang md dng ciing vdi gidi cdm
quyen Anh dang theo dudi. Nd dd tgo ra lien
dl Idn cho vipc tilp tuc ddnh hg cde djeh
thii
khdc,
dua Anh vuon
len
vi thd bd chu mat
bidn trong giai dogn sau dd.
Ket luan
Mdc dil chi ndm quyen
lye
trong mpt
giai doan ngdn, nhung Oliver Cromwell da
dd Iai ddu dn dam net khi mang Igi cho nudc
Anh nhung thdnh cdng nhdt djnh Irong viec
phat triln ngogi thuang. Nhihig chinh sach
Clia dng, lu vipc thidt Igp chinh quydn