Tiiu ban: Mdi
tru&ng
vd Ndng lugng ISBN: 978-604-913-013-7
VE CONG NGHE TAO HON HOP NHU
TlTONG
NHIEN
LIEU-NU^OfC
•
•
• *
VA KHA NANG
iTNG
DUNG TAI VIET NAM
• • •
Nguyen Thuy Nga, Ngo Tuan Kiet
Vien Khoa hgc nang lugng
18
Hoang Qudc Viet, Ciu Giiy, Ha Ndi
Email:
ngthuyngafSjgmail.com
Tom tat:
Bdi viit gidi thiiu kit qud cua di tdi hgp tdc nghien ciiu giiea Viin Khoa hoc
ndng lugng (VKHNL) vd Viin Trao ddi nhiit-chdt mang tin A.V.
Lukoy (ITMO)
Viin Hdn ldm khoa hoc qudc gia Belarus vi cdng nghi vd thiit bi chi biin hdn
hgp nhu tuong nhiin lieu ngdm
nude
dgng tdn sdc min
(eodo-monnuemfi
3MyjibcuH
-

Abstract:
The grticle introduces the results of the collaborative research project
between the Institute for energy science
(lES)
and the A.
V.Luikov
Heat and Mass
transfer Institute (ITMO) - National academy of science of Belarus about
technology and equipment process hydrated emulsified fuel mixture (form of fine
dispersion)
(eodo-monjiueHoa sMyjibcuM
-
BT3)
for thermal power boilers,
industrial boiler and ship electrical equipments (heat energy furnace, station,
water boilers,
engines
for ship on marine and
river).
The use of
BT3
in thermal
power plants and boilers can save Mazut, and equipments of boilers of
thermal
power plant and ships only need a minimum adaptation condition, investment
costs
are
paid in
1
year.

|ig/kg. Luu huynh chuyen thanh tro va ndng do
ciia
luu huynh trong tro tang gip 3 lin tham
chi so vdi tro cua nha may nhiet dien diing than.
388
Hdi nghi Khoa hgc ky niem 35 ndm
Vien
Khoa hgc vd Cdng nghi
Viet
Nam - Hd Ndi 10/2010
2.
CONG NGHE TAO NHU TUONG NHIEN LIEU -
NU6C
Viec chuan bi dau mazut de ddt theo kieu tmyen thdng hien nay vl co ban bao gom 2 cong
doan: khir
nude
va say ndng. Viec khir nude cho dau mazut bing phuong phap bay hoi
nude
doi hdi nang lugng ldn va dan den mit mat nhung phin tir de bay hoi cua nhien lieu. Viec khir
nude
dugc thuc hien chu ylu bang phuong thiic dl ling trong thdi gian dai nhim loai bd viec
dua nude vao budng ddt, hoac vao ddng co. Tmdng hgp nude nhilu qua
miic
cho phep, cd
thi
dan den viec lam gian doan
chiim
tia nhien lieu cip vao
16
va dap tit vdi phun. Trong lin khdi

Ty le pha
nude
- nhien lieu trong nhii
tuong
tiiy
thudc vao yeu cau va loai nhien lieu, trong mdt sd tmdng hgp cd the dugc thay ddi
trong gidi ban den 50%o
nude.
Ket qua nghien
ciiu
thir nghiem cho thiy, viec bd sung vao
nhien lieu
10-15%o
nude se dam bao hieu qua kinh te ldn nhit va dong thdi giam phat thai khi,
cdn vdi
miic nude
pha vao nhien lieu den 30%) thi hieu qua ve mat sinh thai trong viec xir ly
nude
ban do cac san pham hiiu co la ldn nhit.
Viec sir dung nhien lieu
Idng
ngam nude d dang nhii tuong (vdi do im
din
30%)) la hgp ly
ve mat kinh te do loai bd dugc yeu cau sir dung cac thiet bi lam bay hoi cdng kenh, cac thiet
bi phan ly v.v Ngoai ra, viec nghien
ciiu
va phat trien cdng nghe dot chay nhii tuong da tao
ra kha nang sir dung sd lugng ldn vang, can dau thai ngam nhieu
nude

phan bd ddng deu theo the tich cac phan tir nude.
Sir
tdn tai cua
nude
trong lien ket dau mazut cd do dn dinh ve thiiy
lire
vdi
miic
do phan
tan anh hudng
din
co
chi
ddt tren 2 phuong dien.
Thii
nhat, khi nung ndng den
120-150°C
diu mazut thu dugc cd do dn dinh thuy
lire,
trang thai vat ly cua cac phan tu nude va cac
thanh phin chay dugc cua diu mazut trong lien
kit
bi thay ddi. Nhiet do sdi
ciia nude
thap
hon nhiet do sdi cua diu mazut vao khoang
170-200°C,
ket qua
ciia sir
chenh lech nay la phan

Trong tmdng hgp nay dk khi hda 1
moi
cacbon (than
cdc) tieu tdn
131,2
kJ nhiet nang. Tuy nhien, trong khi ddt chay, oxit cacbon dugc tao thanh
trong qua trinh khi hda cacbon (than cdc), va hydro dugc giai phdng tir phan tir
nude,
sir
mat
mat nhiet cho qua trinh khi hda nay dugc
bii
trir. Vi vay, nang suat tda nhiet dac trung cho kha
nang ve nang lugng cua hdn hgp nhien lieu khdng khi cua dau mazut dn dinh thuy
lire
thu
dugc cd tinh den hieu qua qua trinh thuc hien trong budng ddt ddng co hoac
Id
hoi ldn hon
nang suat tda nhiet cua dau mazut tieu chuan 5-8%) mac du nhiet nang ddt chay cua dau mazut
dn dinh thiiy luc nhd hon loai dau tieu chuan la
15%).
Nggn lira khi ddt chay dau mazut dn dinh thiiy
lire
trong budng ddt, nhu cac thir nghiem
trong mdt loat thi nghiem thiet bi budng chay cho thay, da gia tang ve mat the tich. Hdn hgp
nhu tuong nhien lieu
nude
thu dugc khdng ddi hdi phai cd
Id

trong mazut cd nhieu luu huynh. Lien ket luu huynh cd mat trong budng khi gay nen
sir
an
mdn sunfat thiet bi va lam ban khi quyen.
iTng
dung
BT3
cd kha nang giai quylt vin dl nay.
Mdt mat viec sir dung
BT3
lam giam qua trinh thdi khdng khi, do vay bao dam giam nhiet do
diem tao suong
ciia
khdi thai. Mat khac tao ra kha nang sir dung chit bd sung lien
kit
luu
huynh vao trong thanh phan cua BT3.
Vi phan ldn chat bd sung tan dugc trong
nude,
vi the viec them vao
nude
nhii tuong nhiing
cau tir re tien vdi ham lugng
1kg/IT
dau mazut cho phep bing phuong phap don gian nhit
lien ket luu huynh va sir dung dau mazut chat lugng thip.
3.
THIET BI TAN SAC CO HOC
Md hinh thir
nghifm

thit nghiem thiit bi sdn xudt
nhu.
tucmg mazut-nudc: (a) Md hinh
thii:
nghiem
thiit bi sdn xudt nhii tuang mazut-nudc; (b) Cdu tgo thiit bi tdn sdc ca hoc
ITMO-IES
Thdng sd ky thuat dugc tdng hgp tren hinh 2. Nhii tuong mazut-nudc dn dinh va dong
nhat, khdng bi phan tang, cd the dua nd vao noi bao quan hoac bom vao tec van chuyin
din
noi tieu thu.
Cdng nghe san xuat nhii tuong mazut-nudc vdi thiet bi tan sac co hgc da dugc thir nghiem
tren thuc te tai nha may nhiet dien Minsk 5 cho cac trudng hgp:
- Mazut dua vao
Id
hoi ddt theo so dd binh thudng vdi ty le nude 2,6%), 3%) va 8% khdng
qua xir ly bang may tan sac co hgc;
- Mazut dua vao
Id
hoi ddt theo so dd binh thudng vdi ty le
nude
2,0%o, 14,0%) va
16,6%o
cd qua xir ly 1 lan bang may tan sac co hgc.
Ket qua thir nghiem cho thay: su cd mat cua cac phan tir nude dugc them vao mazut lam
cho nhien lieu mazut cd do am vugt gidi ban tieu chuan cho phep bang phuong phap xir ly
qua may tan sac co hgc, khdng dan den viec giam hieu suat cap hoi
ciia Id
hoi va khdng lam
gia tang nhien lieu tieu hao cua

Vod
he so hieu suat
16
hoi tang 0,5-2,5 %;
+ Day
kich
thuoc cac phan tu pha nuoc
1 -5
\mi;
+ Cong suat tieu
thu:
den 50 kW;
+ Hieu suat: den 30
tan/h;
Hinh 2: Thdng sd ky thudt
ciia
md hinh thit nghiem
391
Tiiu ban: Mdi
tru&ng
vd Ndng lugng
ISBN: 978-604-913-013-7
Ket luan cua Hdi ddng nhu sau:
1)
Cdng nghe de xuat va thiet bi mng xam khi de xir ly nhien lieu dam bao ddt hoan toan
mazut, trong dd gdm ca cac loai nhien lieu mazut do luu giii lau ngay cd do ngam nude
cao (hon 15%), ciing nhu triet tieu lugng
nude
cd san tich tu trong cac be chiia nhien lieu
mazut. Cac thdng sd lam viec cua thiet bi

- dugc pham - phan bdn; Rugu bia
nude
giai khat; Che bien luong thuc - thuc pham va San
xuat hang tieu dimg thi
51%)
la
Id
ddt than, 47%) ddt dau FO va DO, chi cd 2% ddt khi. Ngoai
ra, d cac nha may nhiet dien than ludn phai sir dung dau FO de du phdng va thudng xuyen
phai dot kem dau khi phu tai thap. Do vay, viec chuyen giao cdng nghe da thir nghiem thanh
cdng cua de tai hgp tac nghien
ciiu
giiia ITMO-IES se mang lai hieu qua kinh te cao, ddng
thdi giam dang ke d nhiem mdi trudng.
Nhdm de tai dudi su chi dao cua Vien sy Martunhenco O.G. hien dang tiep tuc xay dung
quy trinh ky thuat va hudng dan van hanh thiet bi trong thuc te. Du kien den thang
10/2010
se
thdng qua Hdi ddng qudc gia Belams ve tieu chuan va quy pham ky thuat sir dung nhien lieu.
So dd cdng nghe du kien ap dung tai Viet Nam dugc trinh bay tren hinh 3.
Ghi
chu:
1
-
Thung
chua;
2 -Bd
gom;
3-Bg
lgc;

Viet
Nam - Hd Ndi 10/2010
5.
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO
1.
OTHCT
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BPOOH M
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O.F.MapxbiHeHKo;
2.
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npoBeaeHHH HcnbixaHHii
no
xexHonorHH npeaBapuxejibHoii odpadoxKu

hai vd
Id
gia nhiet
trong mdt sd ngdnh cdng nghiep Viet Nam
",
Bao cao tdng ket de tai NCKH cap Bg.
393