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SPECIALIZED ENGLISH – SEMESTER 5
VAN LANG UNIVERSITY
DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY AND
MANAGEMENT
Chapter 21Chapter 21
FUNDAMENTALS OF BIOLOGICAL FUNDAMENTALS OF BIOLOGICAL
Dr. Tran Thi My Dieu
Sep. 2011
VAN LANG UNIVERSITY DENTEMA
WASTEWATER TREATMENT & REUSEWASTEWATER TREATMENT & REUSE
Overview of biological wastewater Overview of biological wastewater
treatment & reusetreatment & reuse
CONTENTSCONTENTS
Objectives of biological treatment Objectives of biological treatment
& reuse& reuse
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Role of microorganism in WWT Role of microorganism in WWT
Types of biological processes for WWT Types of biological processes for WWT
& reuse& reuse
OBJECTIVES OF WASTEWATER OBJECTIVES OF WASTEWATER
TREATMENT & REUSETREATMENT & REUSE
WastewaterWastewater
••Surface WaterSurface Water
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••
WastewaterWastewater
usedused
OBJECTIVES OF WASTEWATER OBJECTIVES OF WASTEWATER
TREATMENT & REUSETREATMENT & REUSE
Accumulation of

Landfill LeachateLandfill Leachate
2
OBJECTIVES OF WASTEWATER OBJECTIVES OF WASTEWATER
TREATMENT & REUSETREATMENT & REUSE
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Industrial WWIndustrial WW
OBJECTIVES OF WASTEWATER OBJECTIVES OF WASTEWATER
TREATMENT & REUSETREATMENT & REUSE
Surface water pollutionSurface water pollution
Ground water pollutionGround water pollution
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WWWW
Soil pollutionSoil pollution
Air pollutionAir pollution
Human health effectsHuman health effects
Aquatic life effectsAquatic life effects
OBJECTIVES OF WASTEWATER OBJECTIVES OF WASTEWATER
TREATMENT & REUSETREATMENT & REUSE
TREATTREAT
REUSEREUSE
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Prevent negative Prevent negative
impacts of WWimpacts of WW
Reduce & Reduce &
rechargerecharge
OBJECTIVES OF WASTEWATER OBJECTIVES OF WASTEWATER
TREATMENT & REUSETREATMENT & REUSE
Necessary to protect public health & environmentNecessary to protect public health & environment
Water quality and discharged WW standardsWater quality and discharged WW standards
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excreted

in

feces
OBJECTIVES OF WASTEWATER OBJECTIVES OF WASTEWATER
TREATMENT & REUSETREATMENT & REUSE
Public Health Public Health
RisksRisks
Microbial Microbial
pathogenspathogens
Bacterium Disease
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Pathogenic Escherichia coli Diarrhea
Salmonellatyphi Typhoid fever
Salmonella paratyphi Paratyphoid fever
Vibrio cholerae Cholera
Yersinia enteica Diarrhea
&septicfemia
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OBJECTIVES OF WASTEWATER OBJECTIVES OF WASTEWATER
TREATMENT & REUSETREATMENT & REUSE
Public Public
Health Health
RisksRisks
Toxic Toxic
substancesubstance
ss
Carcinogenic
chemical

Industrial activitiesIndustrial activities
Storm water/runoffStorm water/runoff
OBJECTIVES OF BIOLOGICAL OBJECTIVES OF BIOLOGICAL
WASTEWATER TREATMENT & REUSEWASTEWATER TREATMENT & REUSE
Domestic wastewater
Parameter Unit Concentration
pH - 6.5-7.1
SS
mgO
2
/l
38
-
108
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SS
mgO
2
/l
38
108
COD mgO
2
/l 103-245
BOD
5
mg/l 75 – 100
N-NH
3
mg/l 1.5-6.7

464
40

525
SS mg/L 10 – 854 10 – 754
BOD
5
mg/L 65 – 900 40 – 233
COD mg/L 91 – 1,029 54 – 333
N-NH
3
mg/L 6.85 – 14.84 0.43 – 13.98
N-NO
2
-
mg/L Trace – 0.26 Trace – 0.113
N-NO
3
-
mg/L Trace – 0.62 Trace – 0.51
N-Org mg/L 4.45 – 16.32 3.32 – 14.72
PO
4
3-
mg/L 0.57 – 3.44 0.37 – 6.63
Phenol mg/L 0.015 – o.025 0.012 – 0.023
OBJECTIVES OF BIOLOGICAL OBJECTIVES OF BIOLOGICAL
WASTEWATER TREATMENT & REUSEWASTEWATER TREATMENT & REUSE
What will happen if it is not
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Parameter Unit Sample 1 Sample 2 Sample 3
Color - White Yellow white White
pH - 4.40 4.24 4.50
TDS mg/L 703 1,625 595
Acidity mg CaCO
3
/L 520 2,600 526
SS mg/L 2,900 8,600 4,920
VSS
mg/L
2,360
8,200
4,740
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VSS
mg/L
2,360
8,200
4,740
BOD
5
mg/L 7,405 19,018 7,500
COD
total
mg/L 9,649 27,348 11,629
COD
filter
mg/L 6,070 20,192 4,537
N-NH
3

1 260
1 720
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H
ar
d
ness-
total
mg
C
a
CO
3
/L
5
,
833

–
9
,
667
1
,
840
–
4250
1
,
260


may

be

required

to

avoid

toxic

to

microorganisms
Remove nutrients (N and P)
Agricultural irrigation return wastewaterAgricultural irrigation return wastewater
ROLE OF MICROORGANISMS IN WWTROLE OF MICROORGANISMS IN WWT
Remove dissolved and particulate carbonaceous
BOD and stabilization of organic matter in WW
HOW?HOW?
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Oxidize organic matters into simple end products
and additional biomass
xOrganic material + yO
2
+ zNH
3
+ tPO

2
O
Nitrosomonas
2NO
2
-
+ O
2
2NO
3
-
Nitrobacter
Nitrification
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ROLE OF MICROORGANISMS IN WWTROLE OF MICROORGANISMS IN WWT
Remove nitrogen in wastewater treatment
HOW?HOW?
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5CH
3
OH + 6NO
3
-
3N
2
+ 5CO
2
+ 7H
2
O +6OH

li
c
functionfunction
Anoxic
p
rocesses (denitrification)
Facultative processes
Combined
aerobic/anoxic/anaerobic processes
TYPES OF BIOLOGICAL PROCESSES TYPES OF BIOLOGICAL PROCESSES
FOR WASTEWATER TREATMENTFOR WASTEWATER TREATMENT
Tt tTt t
Suspended-growth processes
Attached
g
rowth
p
rocesses
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T
rea
t
men
t

T
rea
t
men
t

removal
Nitrification
Denitrification
Q
UESTIONS
Q
UESTIONS
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QQ