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Chuyên ê:đ M ng truy n d n ạ ề ẫ
quang
Bài 5: M ng chuy n m ch ạ ể ạ
gói quang OPS
TS. Võ Vi t Minh Nh tế ậ
Khoa Du L ch – Đ i h c Huị ạ ọ ế
[email protected]
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M c tiêuụ
o
Bài này nh m cung c p cho h c viên các ki n th c ằ ấ ọ ế ứ
và k năng v :ỹ ề

vì sao mô hình chuy n m ch gói quang đ c đ xu tể ạ ượ ề ấ

m t s mô hình chuy n m ch gói quang tiêu bi uộ ố ể ạ ể

nh ng c n tr đ i v i s phát tri n c a mô hình ữ ả ở ố ớ ự ể ủ
chuy n m ch gói quang ể ạ
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N i dung trình bàyộ
5.1. Introduction
5.2. Optical Packet Switching Fabric
5.2.1. The principle of wavelength routing switch
(WRS)
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5.1. T ng quanổ
o Không gi ng nh m ng k thu t chuy n m ch kênh ố ư ạ ỹ ậ ể ạ
(circuit) WDM, chuy n m ch gói quang OPS (optical ể ạ
packet switching) v n đang giai đo n phát tri n. M c dù ẫ ạ ể ặ

Furthermore, the ability to switch optical
packets rather than whole wavelengths has got a
significant advantage:

With the help of buffering, the ability of packing
wavelengths directly at the optical layer obviously
improves bandwidth efficiency.

From a general system overview, adding a faster level
of time-domain multiplexing beneath the electronic
layer indeed increases aggregation efficiency.
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o
Actually, breaking down wavelengths into smaller
controllable entities (i.e. optical packets) adds a
new level of granularity between electronic
networks and wavelength switched transport
networks.
o
WDM optical packet switching can hence be
viewed as a layer where fast changing
connections are managed without affecting
underlying wavelength circuit pipes. In other
words, as it is the case in electronic networks,
optical packet and circuit switching, rather than
being mutually exclusive, are complementary.
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Switching Layers: The Big Picture
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o As shown in Figure, each switching level corresponds to a

algorithm, if necessary.
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o
The optical devices performing those functions
are controlled electronically. It is important to
mention that electronics need only operate at the
packet rate.
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o
As shown in Figure, an optical packet switching node has
generally three sections: the input and output interfaces,
and the switching section itself.
o
Packets entering the input interface are split among the
electronic and optical sections.
o The copy entering the electronic section provides header
information to the switch. That information is used to
determine the packet’s position in the optical section, as
well as its destination.
o
Meanwhile, the copy of the same packet entering the
optical section is delayed by the amount of time
necessary for electronic processing of the header. Packet
position information from the electronic section is used
by the optical synchronization module to align the packet
in time, relative to the master clock.
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o
Therefore, the input interface creates a synchronous
packet flow at the input of the switching fabric and

(TWC) convert incoming
packets to wavelengths
corresponding to fixed output
filters, thus accomplishing the
switching function.
o Then an active demultiplexer
directs the packet to the
corresponding delay line,
representing delays from 0 to d
packet durations.
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o
The electronics controlling the TWCs and active
demultiplexers (the shaded components) insures the
arrival of a single packet per wavelength and per time-
slot to the passive coupler.
o That being done, the fixed filter at each output allows
only the packet destined for that particular output and
time-slot to leave the switch.
o In addition, control electronics implement the system’s
routing algorithm and optimize switching, while insuring
that no two packets of the same wavelength enter the
same buffer simultaneously.
o
The active demultiplexers are generally a combination of
passive couplers and semiconductor optical amplifier
(SOA) gates, but arrayed waveguide (AWG) devices can
be used to achieve the same functionality. Buffers are
either optical fiber delay-line memories or components
based on silica-on-silicon technology [8], [10].

the output port to a specific input packet, thus achieving
the switching function.
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Broadcast and Select Switch (BSS)
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Multiwavelength Loop Switch (MLS)
o
The last switching fabric example presented
here is the multiwavelength loop switch (MLS),
described in Figure.
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o In an MLS, multiple packets are stored in a single fiber
loop on different wavelengths. Electronics control the
input TWCs, the output tunable filters, and the amplifier
gates inside the loop.
o Before entering the loop, TWCs convert every incoming
packet to a wavelength different from the wavelengths
already present in the loop.
o
At each rotation, packets split into two: one copy remains
in the loop while the second copy is split among the
output tunable filters.
o
If those filters are not tuned to that specific packet
wavelength, the exiting packet copy is lost.
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o
The copy remaining in the loop is further split and can
only pass through the fixed loop filter corresponding to
its wavelength, then through the amplifier gate following